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ISRAELI-TURKISH RAPPROCHEMENT IN THE 1990s: WHY AN ALLIANCE?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 20 - 39, 17.09.2020

Öz

During the 1990s Turkey-Israeli relations developed very quickly. For many, improvement of Turkey’s relations with Israel is directly related to the military’s role in politics in Turkey. What led Turkey to establish such intense relations with Israel in 1990s? In order to answer this question first of all evolution of Turkish-Israeli relations in 1990s is examined. In following sections, three different explanations for this rapprochement are presented. In the first approach the internal political structure of Turkey, especially role of military in foreign policy making, in the second approach Turkey-US relations, and in the third approach the international relations and balance of power in the Middle East are analyzed and their effects on Turkey-Israel rapprochement are discussed. It is argued that, the Turkish-Israeli rapprochement in 1990s took place as a result of the balance of power and complicated relation links in the Middle East.

Kaynakça

  • Akşin, S. (1999). The Nature of the Kemalist Revolution. D. Shankland (Ed.), The Turkish Republic at Seventy-Five Years: Progress-Development-Change (pp.14-28). Cambridgeshire: The Eothen Press.
  • Altunışık, M. (2000). The Turkish-Israeli Rapprochement in the Post-Cold War Era. Middle Eastern Studies, 36 (2), 172-191.
  • Athanassopoulou, E. (1999). Turkey- Anglo-American Security Interests 1945-1952: The First Enlargement of NATO. London: Frank Cass.
  • Aykan, M. B. (1999). Turkey-US-Israel Triangle: Continuity, Change and Implications for Turkey’s Post-Cold War Middle East Policy. Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 22 (4), 1-31.
  • Bengio, O. & Özcan, G. (2000). Changing Relations: Turkish-Israeli-Arab Triangle. Journal of International Affairs, 5 (1),134-146.
  • Bir, Ç. (1999, November 5). Special Policy Forum Report: Reflections on Turkish-Israeli Relations and Turkish Security. Policywatch, 422. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/reflections-on-turkish-israeli-relations-and-turkish-security (Accessed on: 19 May 2020).
  • Bölükbaşı, S. (1999). Behind the Turkish-Israeli Alliance: A Turkish view. Journal of Palestine Studies, 29 (1), 21-35.
  • Çelik, Y. (1999). Contemporary Turkish Foreign Policy. Westport: Praeger.
  • Duman, L. (2011). Ortak Çıkarlar, Farklı Öncelikler: 2001-2008 Döneminde Türkiye, ABD ve İsrail Lobisinin İsrail-Filistin Sorununa Yaklaşımları. Akademik Ortadoğu, 5 (2), 155-180.
  • Duman, L. & Üşenmez, Ö. (2016). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Siyasal İslam. SOBİDER, 3 (7), 257-275.
  • Eisenberg, L. Z. & Caplan, N. (1998). Negotiating Arab-Israeli Peace: Patterns, Problems, Possibilities. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Eisenstadt, M. (1997, July 24). Turkish-Israeli Military Cooperation: An Assessment. Policywatch, 262. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/turkish-israeli-military-cooperation-an-assessment (Accessed on: 19 May 2020).
  • Hale, W. (2000). Turkish Foreign Policy: 1774-2000. London: Frank Cass.
  • Israeli, R. (2001). The Land of Many Crossroads: The Turkish-Israeli Odd Couple. ORBIS, Vol.45 (1), 65-79.
  • Kalaycioglu, E. (1997). The logic of contemporary Turkish politics. Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA), 1 (3).
  • Karaosmanoglu, A. L. (1996). Turkey: Between the Middle East and Western Europe. K.H. Karpat (Ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy: Recent Developments (pp.11-23). Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin.
  • Karpat, K. H. (1975). Turkish Soviet Relations. K. H. Karpat (Ed.), Turkey’s Foreign Policy in Transition 1950-1974 (pp.73-107). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
  • Karpat, K. H. (1996). Turkish Foreign Policy: Some Introductory Remarks. K. H. Karpat (Ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy: Recent Developments (pp.1-10). Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin.
  • Khalilzad, Z., Lesser, I. O. & Larrabee, F. S. (2000). The Future of Turkish-Western Relations: Toward a Strategic Plan. Arlington: RAND, 2000.
  • Kirişçi, K. (1997). Post Cold-War Turkish Security and the Middle East. Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA), 1 (2).
  • Kirişçi, K. (1998). Turkey and the United States: Ambivalent Allies. Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA), 2 (4).
  • Kramer, H. (2000). A Changing Turkey: The Challenge to Europe and the United States. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
  • Kuniholm, B. R. (1996). Turkey and the West Since World War II. V. Mastny & R. C. Nation (Ed.s), Turkey Between East and West: New Challenges for a Rising Regional Power (pp.45-69). Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Lewin, A. (2000). Turkey and Israel: Reciprocal and Mutual Imagery in the Media, 1994-1999. Journal of International Affairs, 54 (1), 239-261.
  • Makovsky, A. (1996, April 26). Turkish/Israeli Cooperation, the Peace Process, and the Region. Policywatch, n.195. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/turkish-israeli-cooperation-the-peace-process-and-the-region (Accessed on: 20 May 2020).
  • Makovsky, A. (1998, January 6). Israeli-Turkish Cooperation: Full Steam Ahead, Policywatch, n.292. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/israeli-turkish-cooperation-full-steam-ahead (Accessed on: 20 May 2020).
  • Makovsky, A. (1999a). Defusing the Turkish-Syrian Crisis: Whose Triumph? The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/defusing-the-turkish-syrian-crisis-whose-triumph (Accessed on: 20 May 2020).
  • Makovsky, A. (1999b). The New Activism in Turkish Foreign Policy. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-new-activism-in-turkish-foreign-policy (Accessed on: 20 May 2020).
  • Makovsky, A., Çandar, C. & Inbar, E. (2000, March 15). Special Policy Forum: The Turkish-Israeli-Syrian Triangle. Policywatch, n.249. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-turkish-israeli-syrian-triangle (Accessed on: 20 May 2020).
  • Nachmani, A. (1999). A Triangular Relationship: Turkish Israeli Cooperation and its Implications for Greece. CEMOTI, 28, 149-162.
  • Olson, R. (1997, 21 February). Israel and the Kurds. Middle East International, no.546.
  • Pipes, D. (1997). A New Axis: The Emerging Turkish-Israeli Entente. The National Interests, 50, 31-38.
  • Türkmen, F. (2000). Turkey and the Korean War. Korean War Conference. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.
  • United Press International (1999, 30 November). US, Israel, Turkey forces plan exercise.
  • Vali, F. A. (1971). Bridge Across the Bosporus: The Foreign Policy of Turkey. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press.
  • Waxman, D. (1999). Turkey and Israel: A New Balance of Power in the Middle East. The Washington Quarterly, 22 (1), 23-32.
  • Yavuz, M. H. (1997). Turkish-Israeli Relations Through the lens of the Turkish Identity Debate. Journal of Palestine Studies, 27 (1), 22-37.

1990’LARDA İSRAİL-TÜRKİYE YAKINLAŞMASI: NEDEN BİR İTTİFAK?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 20 - 39, 17.09.2020

Öz

1990’larda Türkiye-İsrail ilişkileri hızla gelişmiştir. Çoğu kişiye göre, Türkiye’nin İsrail’le ilişkilerinin iyileşmesi doğrudan Türkiye’de ordunun siyasetteki rolü ile bağlantılıdır. Türkiye’yi 1990’larda İsrail ile böylesi yoğun ilişkiye girmeye yol açan etmenler nelerdir? Bu soruyu yanıtlamak amacıyla, öncelikle 1990’lardaki Türkiye-İsrail ilişkilerinin gelişimi incelenmiştir. Takip eden bölümlerde, söz konusu yakınlaşmayı açıklamak üzere üç farklı açıklama sunulmuştur. İlk yaklaşımda, Türkiye’nin iç siyasal yapısı, özellikle ordunun dış politika yapımındaki rolü, ikinci yaklaşımda Türkiye-ABD ilişkileri ve üçüncü yaklaşımda ise Ortadoğu’daki uluslararası ilişkiler ve güç dengesi analiz edilmiş, Türkiye-İsrail yakınlaşmasına etkileri tartışılmıştır. 1990’lardaki Türkiye-İsrail yakınlaşmasının Ortadoğu’daki güç dengesi ve karmaşık ilişkilerin neticesinde ortaya çıktığı ileri sürülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Akşin, S. (1999). The Nature of the Kemalist Revolution. D. Shankland (Ed.), The Turkish Republic at Seventy-Five Years: Progress-Development-Change (pp.14-28). Cambridgeshire: The Eothen Press.
  • Altunışık, M. (2000). The Turkish-Israeli Rapprochement in the Post-Cold War Era. Middle Eastern Studies, 36 (2), 172-191.
  • Athanassopoulou, E. (1999). Turkey- Anglo-American Security Interests 1945-1952: The First Enlargement of NATO. London: Frank Cass.
  • Aykan, M. B. (1999). Turkey-US-Israel Triangle: Continuity, Change and Implications for Turkey’s Post-Cold War Middle East Policy. Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 22 (4), 1-31.
  • Bengio, O. & Özcan, G. (2000). Changing Relations: Turkish-Israeli-Arab Triangle. Journal of International Affairs, 5 (1),134-146.
  • Bir, Ç. (1999, November 5). Special Policy Forum Report: Reflections on Turkish-Israeli Relations and Turkish Security. Policywatch, 422. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/reflections-on-turkish-israeli-relations-and-turkish-security (Accessed on: 19 May 2020).
  • Bölükbaşı, S. (1999). Behind the Turkish-Israeli Alliance: A Turkish view. Journal of Palestine Studies, 29 (1), 21-35.
  • Çelik, Y. (1999). Contemporary Turkish Foreign Policy. Westport: Praeger.
  • Duman, L. (2011). Ortak Çıkarlar, Farklı Öncelikler: 2001-2008 Döneminde Türkiye, ABD ve İsrail Lobisinin İsrail-Filistin Sorununa Yaklaşımları. Akademik Ortadoğu, 5 (2), 155-180.
  • Duman, L. & Üşenmez, Ö. (2016). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Siyasal İslam. SOBİDER, 3 (7), 257-275.
  • Eisenberg, L. Z. & Caplan, N. (1998). Negotiating Arab-Israeli Peace: Patterns, Problems, Possibilities. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Eisenstadt, M. (1997, July 24). Turkish-Israeli Military Cooperation: An Assessment. Policywatch, 262. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/turkish-israeli-military-cooperation-an-assessment (Accessed on: 19 May 2020).
  • Hale, W. (2000). Turkish Foreign Policy: 1774-2000. London: Frank Cass.
  • Israeli, R. (2001). The Land of Many Crossroads: The Turkish-Israeli Odd Couple. ORBIS, Vol.45 (1), 65-79.
  • Kalaycioglu, E. (1997). The logic of contemporary Turkish politics. Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA), 1 (3).
  • Karaosmanoglu, A. L. (1996). Turkey: Between the Middle East and Western Europe. K.H. Karpat (Ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy: Recent Developments (pp.11-23). Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin.
  • Karpat, K. H. (1975). Turkish Soviet Relations. K. H. Karpat (Ed.), Turkey’s Foreign Policy in Transition 1950-1974 (pp.73-107). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
  • Karpat, K. H. (1996). Turkish Foreign Policy: Some Introductory Remarks. K. H. Karpat (Ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy: Recent Developments (pp.1-10). Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin.
  • Khalilzad, Z., Lesser, I. O. & Larrabee, F. S. (2000). The Future of Turkish-Western Relations: Toward a Strategic Plan. Arlington: RAND, 2000.
  • Kirişçi, K. (1997). Post Cold-War Turkish Security and the Middle East. Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA), 1 (2).
  • Kirişçi, K. (1998). Turkey and the United States: Ambivalent Allies. Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA), 2 (4).
  • Kramer, H. (2000). A Changing Turkey: The Challenge to Europe and the United States. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
  • Kuniholm, B. R. (1996). Turkey and the West Since World War II. V. Mastny & R. C. Nation (Ed.s), Turkey Between East and West: New Challenges for a Rising Regional Power (pp.45-69). Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Lewin, A. (2000). Turkey and Israel: Reciprocal and Mutual Imagery in the Media, 1994-1999. Journal of International Affairs, 54 (1), 239-261.
  • Makovsky, A. (1996, April 26). Turkish/Israeli Cooperation, the Peace Process, and the Region. Policywatch, n.195. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/turkish-israeli-cooperation-the-peace-process-and-the-region (Accessed on: 20 May 2020).
  • Makovsky, A. (1998, January 6). Israeli-Turkish Cooperation: Full Steam Ahead, Policywatch, n.292. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/israeli-turkish-cooperation-full-steam-ahead (Accessed on: 20 May 2020).
  • Makovsky, A. (1999a). Defusing the Turkish-Syrian Crisis: Whose Triumph? The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/defusing-the-turkish-syrian-crisis-whose-triumph (Accessed on: 20 May 2020).
  • Makovsky, A. (1999b). The New Activism in Turkish Foreign Policy. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-new-activism-in-turkish-foreign-policy (Accessed on: 20 May 2020).
  • Makovsky, A., Çandar, C. & Inbar, E. (2000, March 15). Special Policy Forum: The Turkish-Israeli-Syrian Triangle. Policywatch, n.249. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-turkish-israeli-syrian-triangle (Accessed on: 20 May 2020).
  • Nachmani, A. (1999). A Triangular Relationship: Turkish Israeli Cooperation and its Implications for Greece. CEMOTI, 28, 149-162.
  • Olson, R. (1997, 21 February). Israel and the Kurds. Middle East International, no.546.
  • Pipes, D. (1997). A New Axis: The Emerging Turkish-Israeli Entente. The National Interests, 50, 31-38.
  • Türkmen, F. (2000). Turkey and the Korean War. Korean War Conference. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.
  • United Press International (1999, 30 November). US, Israel, Turkey forces plan exercise.
  • Vali, F. A. (1971). Bridge Across the Bosporus: The Foreign Policy of Turkey. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press.
  • Waxman, D. (1999). Turkey and Israel: A New Balance of Power in the Middle East. The Washington Quarterly, 22 (1), 23-32.
  • Yavuz, M. H. (1997). Turkish-Israeli Relations Through the lens of the Turkish Identity Debate. Journal of Palestine Studies, 27 (1), 22-37.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Levent Duman 0000-0003-3975-6668

Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Eylül 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Duman, L. (2020). ISRAELI-TURKISH RAPPROCHEMENT IN THE 1990s: WHY AN ALLIANCE?. Analytical Politics, 1(2), 20-39.