Ermenilerin Gözünden Baştan Sona Haçlı Seferleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 101 - 104, 31.08.2022

Çevirmen: Özcan Evrensel

Öz

Makalede, Ermenilerin başlangıçtan beri Haçlı Seferlerini nasıl gördükleri ve bu durumu kendi dünyalarına nasıl dahil ettikleri üzerinde odaklanmaktadır. Bu da dönem kaynakları çerçevesinde işlenmiştir. Nitekim Haçlıların Ortadoğu’ya gelmesi diğer milletlerde olduğu gibi Ermeniler üzerinde de etkili olmuş dünya algılarını değiştirmiştir. Özellikle Haçlılar ile iç içe olan Ermeniler onları, bir kurtarıcı olarak görmüşlerdir. Bu durumun oluşmasında Ermeni geleneğinde yer alan kehanetler de etkili olmuştur. Zirâ Ermeni müellifler, yazdıkları eserlerde ve kolofonlarda bu kehanetler üzerinde durmuşlardır. Özellikle IV. asırda yaşayan Nersēs Šnorhali’nin Haçlıların gelişi hakkındaki kehaneti dikkat çekmiş ve Urfalı Mateos, Vardan, Siunikli Step’annos’, Kirakos gibi önemli Ermeni müellifleri, kehanetin gerçekleştiğini belirtmiştir. Dahası Haçlılar ile Ermeniler arasındaki münasebet, V. asırda karşılaşıp anlaşma yapan İmparator Büyük Konstantin–Papa Silvestre ile Ermenistan Kralı Trdat–Aydınlatıcı Gregory münasebeti üzerine inşa edilmiş ve bu dostluk Ermeni müellifler tarafından dönem şartlarına uyarlanmıştır. Dolayısıyla Ermeni dünyasındaki Haçlı figürü; kafirlere karşı kendilerini kurtaracak olan yiğit ırkı oluşturuyordu. İşte bu makale hem Ermenilerin, Haçlı Seferlerine karşı gelişen algıları ve gelenekleri hakkında bilgi vermesi hem de Ermeni kaynaklarını kritik ederek ele alması açısından önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ermeniler, Haçlılar, Nersēs Šnorhali, Kral Trdat, Aydınlatıcı Gregory

The Crusaders through Armenian Eyes

Öz

The article focuses on how Armenians viewed the Crusades from the very beginning and how they included this situation in their own world. This was handled within the framework of the period sources. As a matter of fact, the arrival of the Crusaders to the Middle East had an impact on Armenians as well as other nations, and changed their perception of the world. Especially the Armenians, who were intertwined with the Crusaders, saw them as a savior. Prophecies in the Armenian tradition were also effective in the formation of this situation. For, Armenian authors dwelled on these prophecies in their works and colophons. Especially Nersēs Šnorhali's, who lived in the 4th century, prophecy about the arrival of the Crusaders attracted attention, and important Armenian authors such as Mateos from Urfa, Vardan, Siunikli Step’annos’, Kirakos stated that the prophecy came true. Moreover, the relationship between the Crusaders and the Armenians was built on the relationship between Emperor Constantine the Great – Pope Silvestre and the King of Armenia Trdat – Enlightening Gregory, who met and made an agreement in the 5th century, and this friendship was adapted to the conditions of the period by the Armenian authors. Therefore, the Crusader figure in the Armenian world; They were forming a valiant race that would save themselves against the infidels. This article is important both in terms of giving information about the perceptions and traditions of the Armenians against the Crusades, and critically examining the Armenian sources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Armenians, Crusaders, Nersēs Šnorhali, King Trdat, Enlightening Gregory

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