Mikrobiyota, prebiyotik ve probiyotikler

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 68 - 71, 01.07.2019

Eylem Karatay

https://doi.org/10.38053/agtd.529392

Cited By: 6

Öz

İnsan gastrointestinal sisteminde
bulunan bakterilerin çeşitli hastalıkların patogenezinde ve tedavisinde rol
aldığı son yıllarda ortaya çıkmış. Vücudumuzda
yaşayan mikroorganizmaların tamamına mikrobiyota, insanlarla kommensal olarak
yaşayan mikroorganizların taşıdıkları genoma mikrobiyom adı verilmektedir.
İnsan vücudunun
sağlıklı bir yaşam sürdürebilmesi için sağlıklı bir gastrointestinal sisteme
sahip olması gerekmektedir. Bunun sağlanması da intestinal mikroflora ile
olmaktadır. Bağırsağın yararlı mikroflorasını güçlendirmek için probiyotik,
prebiyotik ve sinbiyotikler gibi gıda katkı maddeleri kullanılmaktadır.Mikrobiyotaki
bakteriler belirli bir oranda yararlı ve zararlı bakterileri içerir. Yararlı
/zararlı bakteri oranı azaldığında “mikrobiyal disbiyozis” adını verdiğimiz
patolojik bir süreç başlar. Mikrobiyal disbiyozis süreci
ile  gastrointestinal hastalılardan
enflamatuvar bağırsak hastalığı, kolon - gastrik kanser çölyak hastalığı ile
ilişkilendirilirken ,extraintestinal hastalılardan da alerji ,obezite,
Parkinson hastalığı,  diyabet ve
kardiyovasküler hastalıklar gibi birçok hastalık da  ilişkilidir. Mikrobiyota
manipülasyona dayanan müdahaleler, sindirim sistemi içinde ve dışında birçok
kronik durum için kullanımı giderek 
yaygınlaşmakta ve gelecek için umut vercidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikrobiyota, prebiyotik, probiyotik

Microbiota, probiotic and prebiotics

Öz

It has
emerged in recent years that bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract have
been involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of various diseases.

Microbiota includes all special species while
microbiome includes genes of microorganisms which live commensally with human.The
human body must have a healthy gastrointestinal system to maintain a healthy
life. This is achieved by intestinal microflora. Food additives such as
probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are used to strengthen the beneficial
microflora of the intestine. Microbial dysbiosis, described as the decrease of
useful bacteria and the increase of harmful bacteria, has been associated with
colon –gastric cancer, celiac disease and many extraintestinal diseases such as
allergy, obesity, Parkinson disease, Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular
diseases. Differences in intestinal microbiota
composition are detected in many cases like diabetes, allergy, autism, obesity,
gastric cancer, hypertension and autoimmune diseases. Healthy diet
recommendations, including prebiotic and probiotic foods and the use of
probiotic agents, look promising for future treatment of gastrointestinal ve
extraintestinal diseases. Interventions based on
microbiota manipulation are becoming increasingly widespread for many chronic
conditions and are promising for the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microbiota, prebiotic, probiotic

Kaynakça

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