Dünya COVID-19 belirsizliğiyle mücadele ediyor; Ya gebe kadınlar?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 1 - 6, 23.12.2020

Esra Sabancı Baransel

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, gebe kadınların COVID-19 süreci sırasında belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğünü belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemi bir devlet hastanesinin gebe polikliniklerine başvuran 427 gebe oluşturmuştur. Veriler, Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu ve Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği (BTÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veri toplama araçları, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden gebelere çevrimiçi görüşme yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Gebelerin BTÖ ortalama puanı 71.59 ± 13.69'dur. COVID-19 (+) olan bir bireyle temas kuranların ve COVID-19 olmamasına rağmen hastalık semptomları olanların daha yüksek BTÖ ortalama puanlarına sahip oldukları bulundu (p< .05). Gebe kadınların sosyodemografik ve obstetrik özellikleri ile BTÖ ortalama puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı belirlendi (p> .05). Gebeliğin ilk üç ayında; ilk kez gebe kalanların; kız bebek bekleyen gebelerin ve primigravidaların daha yüksek BTÖ skorlarına sahip oldukları belirlendi (p< .05). Aynı zamanda COVID-19 salgın sürecinin gebelerin belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğünü etkilediği, daha yüksek puana sahip gebelerin ise daha fazla belirsizlik, kaygı ve stres yaşadığı belirlendi (p <.05).
Sonuçlar: Sonuçlar, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük düzeyinin, gebelik sayısı, parite, fetüsün cinsiyeti ve COVID-19 süreçleri gibi riskli ve bilinmeyen süreçlerden etkilendiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük, ebelik, gebelik, belirsizlik

The world is struggling with COVID-19 uncertainty; What about pregnant women?

Öz

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the intolerance of pregnant women to uncertainty during the COVID-19 process.
Methods: The sample of the study was conducted with 427 pregnant women who applied to pregnant outpatient clinics of a public hospital. The data were collected using an Introductory Information Form and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS). Data collection tools were applied to pregnant women who agreed to participate in the study by online interview method.
Results: Pregnant women have an IUS mean score of 71.59±13.69. It was found that those who came into contact with an individual with COVID19 (+) and those with disease symptoms despite the absence of COVID-19 had higher IUS mean scores (p< .05). It was determined that there was no significant difference between the sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of pregnant women and the IUS mean scores (p> .05). In the first trimester of pregnancy; getting pregnant for the first time; It was determined that pregnant women expecting a female baby and primigravid had higher IUS scores (p< .05). At the same time, it was determined that the COVID-19 epidemic process affected the intolerance of pregnant women to uncertainty, and pregnant women with higher scores experienced more uncertainty, anxiety, and stress (p< .05).
Conclusion: The results show that the level of intolerance to uncertainty is affected by risky and unknown processes such as the number of pregnancies, parity, and the gender of the fetus as well as the COVID-19 processes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, intolerance of uncertainty, midwifery, pregnancy, uncertainty

Kaynakça

• Adib-Rad, H., Basirat, Z., Faramarzi, M., Mostafazadeh, A., & Bijani, A. (2019). Psychological distress in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion: A case-control study. Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 16(3), 151.
• Berthelot, N., Lemieux, R., Garon‐Bissonnette, J., Drouin‐Maziade, C., Martel, É., & Maziade, M. (2020). Uptrend in distress and psychiatric symptomatology in pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 99(7), 848-55.
• Buhr, K. & Dugas, M. J. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behavior Research and Therapy, 40(8), 931-45.
• Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2012). Fear of emotions, experiential avoidance, and intolerance of uncertainty in worry and generalized anxiety disorder. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5(1), 1-17.
• Copoglu, U., Kokacya, M., & Demircan, C. (2015). Psychiatric disorders and treatment in pregnancy and lactation period. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, 6(24), 43-53.
• Çevik, S., & Yağmur, Y. (2018). Impact of intolerance of uncertainty on psychological well-being in pregnant women with or without miscarriage risk. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 54(3), 436.
• Dodgson, J. E., Tarrant, M., Chee, Y.-O., & Watkins, A. (2010). New mothers’ experiences of social disruption and isolation during the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Hong Kong. Nursing & Health Sciences, 12(2), 198–204.
• Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., & Ladouceur, R. (1997). Intolerance of uncertainty and problem orientation in worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21(6), 593-606.
• Dugas M.J., Hedayati M., Karavidas A., Buhr K., Francis K. & Philips, N. A. (2005). Intolerance of uncertainty and information processing: Evidence of biased recall and interpretations. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(1), 57-70.
• Erdoğdu, Y., Koçoğlu, F., & Sevim, C. (2020). An investigation of the psychosocial and demographic determinants of anxiety and hopelessness during COVID-19 pandemic. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(1), 24-37.
• Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., ... & Cheng, Z. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395(10223), 497-506.
• Haakstad, A.H.L., Torset, B., & Kari, B. (2016). What is the effect of regular group exercise on maternal psychological outcomes and common pregnancy complaints? An assessor blinded RCT. Midwifery, 32(6): 81-6.
• Özcan, H., Elkoca, A., & Yalçin, Ö. (2020). COVID-19 enfeksiyonu ve gebelik üzerindeki etkileri. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1), 43-50.
• Preis, H., Mahaffey, B., Heiselman, C., & Lobel, M. (2020). Pandemic-related pregnancy stress and anxiety among women pregnant during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2(3), 100155.
• Saccone, G., Florio, A., Aiello, F., Venturella, R., De Angelis, M. C., Locci, M., ... & Sardo, A. D. S. (2020). Psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 223(2), 293-295.
• Sari, S., & Dağ, İ. (2009). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ölçeği, endişe ile ilgili olumlu inançlar ölçeği ve endişenin sonuçları ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması, geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10, 261-270.
• Sevil Degirmenci, S., Kosger, F., Altinoz, A. E., Essizoglu, A., & Aksaray, G. (2020). The relationship between separation anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty in pregnant women. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 33(17), 2927-2932.
• Schmuke, A. D. (2019). Factors affecting uncertainty in women with high-risk pregnancies. The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 44(6), 317-324.
• Uğurlu, M., & Vural, G. (2020). Pregnancy and COVID-19. Koç Üniversitesi Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştirma Dergisi, 17(3), 273-278.
• Yue, C., Liu, C., Wang, J., Zhang, M., Wu, H., Li, C., & Yang, X. (2020). Association between social support and anxiety among pregnant women in the third trimester during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Qingdao, China: The mediating effect of risk perception. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. doi: 10.1177 / 0020764020941567
• Zaigham, M., & Andersson, O. (2020). Maternal and perinatal outcomes with COVID‐19: A systematic review of 108 pregnancies. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 99:823–829.
• Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., ... & Niu, P. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine. 382:727-733.