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Tarihçesi ve Bugünü İle Birleşik Krallık Sosyal Güvenlik Sisteminin Esasları

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3 - Prof.Dr. Akar ÖCAL Armağanı, 87 - 122, 31.05.2016

Burcu Ezer

Öz

Oldukça köklü bir geçmişe sahip olan Birleşik Krallık sosyal güvenlik sistemi 14. yüzyıldan itibaren yoksullukla mücadele şeklinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Konuya ilişkin çeşitli yasalarla devlet, yoksulluğun önlenmesinde önemli bir rol üstlenmiştir. Birleşik Krallık sosyal güvenlik sistemi 20. yüzyılın ortalarında Beveridge raporundan da yararlanarak özgün halini almış; ancak bu sistem günümüzde de halen süren bir değişim ve dönüşümün muhatabı olmuştur. 1980’lere kadar yapılan irili ufaklı değişiklikler, Muhafazakâr Parti’nin on sekiz yıllık iktidarı boyunca yeni bir seyir izlemiş ve sistemin özelleştirilmesi yönünde çeşitli girişimlere rastlanmıştır. 1990’lı yıllar, yapısıyla oynanan sistemin hatalı veya eksik politikalarını düzeltme dönemi olmuştur. 1997 yılında iktidara gelen İşçi Partisi hükümetiyle sosyal güvenlik sisteminin değişimi yeni bir ivme kazanmış; üçüncü yol anlayışıyla sosyal güvenliğe ilişkin reform hareketleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bugün itibariyle Birleşik Krallık sosyal güvenlik sistemi primli sistem, primsiz sistem ve sağlık hizmetleri olmak üzere üç ana koldan faaliyet göstermektedir. Primli ve primsiz sistem kapsamında yapılan ödemeler ve yardımlar yaşlılık, malullük, ölüm, hastalık, analık, iş kazası ve işsizlik riskleri bakımından şekillenmektedir. Aile yardımları ise tamamen primsiz rejim uygulaması ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Zamanla kısmi özelleştirme hamlelerine muhatap olan sağlık hizmetleri ise genel olarak vergilerle finanse edilmekte ve bu kapsamda sağlanan hizmetler iki basamaklı olarak gerçekleştirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beveridge raporu sosyal yardım sosyal sigorta temel emeklilik ikinci emeklilik yeni sağ üçüncü yol

Kaynakça

  • Alcock, P. (1999). Development of Social Security. Introduction to Social Security (Ed: J. Ditch). London: Routlege, ss. 43-67.
  • Aksakoğlu, G. ve Giray, H. (2006). Birleşik Krallık’ta Ulusal Sağlık Hizmetinin Öyküsü. Toplum ve Hekim, 21 (5-6), ss. 1-16. http://webb.deu.edu.tr/halksagligi/doc/yazilar/ga-birlesikkrallik.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.10.2015)
  • Ateş, H. ve Demirel, D. (2014). Üçüncü Yol ve İngiltere’de Blair Dönemi Kamu Reformları. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 47 (3), ss. 1-18.
  • Beer, A. (2012). United Kingdom. International Perspectives on Social Security Reform (Ed: R. G. Penner). Washington: Urban Institute Press, ss. 111-133.
  • Beveridge, W. (1942). Social Insurance and Allied Services. London: HMSO. http://www.who.int/bulletin/archives/78(6)847.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2015)
  • Birlik, E. (1950). İngiltere’de Sağlık Hizmetleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 7 (3-4), ss. 192-213.
  • Blake, D. (2003). The UK Penson System: Key Issues. Pensions: An International Journal, 8 (4), ss. 330-375.
  • Bonoli, G. (2000). The Politics of Pension Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ss. 52-85.
  • Chung, W.; Disney, R.; Emmerson, C. ve Wakefield, M. (2008). Public Policy and Retirement Saving Incentives in the United Kingdom. Pension Strategies in Europe an the United States (Ed: R. Fenge; G. de Menil ve P. Pestiau). London: MIT Press, ss. 169-209.
  • Connell, A. (2011). Welfare Policy Under New Labour The Politics of Social Security Reform. London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Demircan, Ç. (2010). Üçüncü Yol ve Yolun Sonu. Memleket Siyaset Yönetim, 5 (12), ss. 201-226.
  • Department of Health (DH) (2013). Guide to Healthcare System in England. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/194002/9421-2900878-TSO-NHS_Guide_to_Healthcare_WEB.PDF (Erişim Tarihi: 30.10.2015)
  • Dilnot, A. ve Webb, S. (1988). The 1988 Social Security Reforms. Fiscal Studies, 9 (3), ss. 26-53.
  • Disney, R. (2001). The UK System of Pension Provision. Pension Reform in Six Countries (Ed: A. H. Börsch-Supon ve M. Miegel). Heidelberg: Springer, ss. 87-109.
  • European Commission (EC) (2013). Your Social Security Rights in the United Kingdom. http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/empl_portal/SSRinEU/Your%20social%20security%20rights%20in%20UK_en.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 29.10.2015)
  • Evason, E. (1999). British Pension Policies Evolution, Outcomes and Options. Introduction to Social Security (Ed: J. Ditch). London: Routlege, ss. 97-117.
  • Galasso, V. (2006). Political Future of Social Security in Aging Societies. London: MIT Press, ss. 159-179.
  • George, V. (1973). Social Security and Society. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Giaimo, S. ve Manov, P. (1999). Adapting the Welfare State: The Case of Health Care Reform in Britain, Germany and the United States. Comparative Political Issues, 32 (8), ss. 967-1000.
  • Glennerster, H. (1995). Britsh Social Policy since 1945. Cornwall: Blacwell Publishers.
  • Griggs, E. (1991). The Politics of Health Care Reform in Britain. The Political Quarterly, 62 (4), ss. 419-430.
  • Guardiancich, I. (2010). United Kingdom Current Pension System: First Assessment of Reform Outcomes and Output. http://www.ose.be/files/publication/2010/country_reports_pension/OSE_2010_CRpension_UK.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 29.10.2015)
  • Harris, N. (2000). Social Security Law in Context. New York: Oxford.
  • Hill, M. (1990). Social Security Policy in Britain. Aldershot: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Hyde, M.; Dixon, J. ve Joyner, M. (1999). “Work for Those That Can, Security for Those That Cannot”: The United Kingdom’s New Social Security Reform Agenda. International Social Security Association, 52 (4), ss. 69-86.
  • Kaufmann, F. X. (2013). Variations of the Welfare State: Great Britain, Sweden, France and Germany Between Capitalism and Socialism. (Çev: Thomas Dunlap), Heidelberg: Springer, ss. 92-114.
  • Liu, L. (1999). Retirement Income Securtiy in the United Kingdom. Social Security Bulletin, 62 (1), ss. 23-46.
  • Lucas, H. (1977). Pensions & Industrial Relations. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Marier, P. (2008). Pension Politics: Consensus and Social Conflict in Aging Societies, London: Routlege, ss. 146-173.
  • Munnell, A. H. ve Steven, A. S. (2006). Social Security and the Stock Market: How the Pursuit of Market Magic Shapes the System. Michigan: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, ss. 69-90.
  • NHS England (2014). Understanding the New NHS. https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/simple-nhs-guide.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 30.10.2015)
  • Nobles, R. (1996). Pensions Act 1995. The Modern Law Review, 59 (2), ss. 241-260.
  • Page, R. M. (2007). Revisiting the Welfare State. Berkshire: Open University Press.
  • Paton, C. (2001). New Labour’s Health Policy: The New Healthcare State. New Labour, New Welfare State (Ed: M. Powell), Bristol: The Policy Press, ss. 51-75.
  • Paton, C. (2002). Cheques and checks: New Labour’s Record on the NHS. Evaluating New Labour’s Welfare Reforms (Ed: M. Powell), Bristol: The Policy Press, ss. 127-143.
  • Paton, C. (2014). Garbage-Can Policy Making Meets Neo Liberal Ideology: Twenty Five Years of Redundant Reform of the English National Health Service. Social Policy & Administration, 48 (3), ss. 319-342
  • Royle, E. (2012). Modern Britain: A Social History 1750-2010. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Sallan Gül, S. (2000). Yeni Sağ Sosyal Güvenlik Anlayışının Tarihsel Bağlantıları: İngiltere ve Türkiye Örnekleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 40 (3-4), ss. 51-66.
  • Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) (2012). Avrupa Birliği’nde Sosyal Güvenlik, Ankara: SGK.
  • Social Security Programs Throughout the World (SSPTW). (2014). United Kingdom, ss. 318-325. https://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2014-2015/europe/unitedkingdom.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.10.2015)
  • Tang, K. I. ve Midgley, J. (2008). The Origins and Features of Social Security. Social Security, the Economy and Development (Ed: J. Midgley ve K. I. Tang). New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ss.17-50.
  • Taylor-Gooby, P. (2006). UK Pension Reform: A Test Case for a Liberal Welfare State. Ageing and Pension Reform Around the World (Ed: G. Bonoli ve T. Shinkawa). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, ss. 116-136.
  • Tuncay, A. C. ve Ekmekçi, Ö. (2015). Sosyal Güvenlik Hukuku Dersleri (17. Baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Walker, C. (2001). The Forms of Privatization of Social Security in Britain. Marketization of Social Security (Ed: J Dixon ve M. Hydeman). Westport: Greenwood Press, ss. 123-142.
  • Whitehouse, E. (1998). Pension Reform in Britain. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14175/1/MPRA_paper_14175.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 23.10.2015)
  • https://www.gov.uk/additional-state-pension (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/calculate-state-pension (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/child-benefit-rates (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/dla-disability-living-allowance-benefit/what-youll-get (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/employers-maternity-pay-leave (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/employment-support-allowance/what-youll-get (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/guardians-allowance/eligibility (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/income-support/eligibility (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/industrial-injuries-disablement-benefit/what-youll-get (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/jobseekers-allowance/what-youll-get (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/over-80-pension/what-youll-get (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/personal-pensions (Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/state-pension (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/statutory-sick-pay (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/sure-start-maternity-grant/overview (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/widowed-parents-allowance/what-youll-get (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/industrial-injuries-disablement-benefits-technicalguidance/industrial-injuries-disablement-benefits-technical-guidance#appendix-1-list-ofdiseases-covered-by-industrial-injuries-disablement-benefit (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/rates-and-allowances-national-insurancecontributions/rates-and-allowances-national-insurance-contributions (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/418090/new-statepension-glossary-of-terms.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/448136/current_State_Pension_scheme_July_2015.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/480248/Your_State_Pension_explained_autumn_15.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/486647/Introduction_to_the_new_State_Pension_dec_2015.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/486479/statepension-stakeholder-questions-and-answers-161215.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2016)
  • https://www.lovemoney.com/news/17465/auto-enrolment-the-alternatives-to-nest (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2016)

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3 - Prof.Dr. Akar ÖCAL Armağanı, 87 - 122, 31.05.2016

Burcu Ezer

Öz

United Kingdom’s social security system has a long-standing background has shaped like struggle against poverty from 14th century. The government has taken an important part in the struggle with numerous laws concerning to the subject. United Kingdom’s social security system has taken on its original style in accordance with Beveridge report in 20th century but this system has also been the object of changes and conversions at the present time. The large and small changes which has been done well into 1980s have followed a new course along the Conservative Party’s eighteen-year government and it has been come across with various attempts to privatize the system. The 1990s has been an amendment period of the modified system’s lacking and missing aspects. The social security system conversation has gained a new acceleration with New Labour Party in 1997 and the government has made a reform with the thought that third way. At the present time United Kingdom’s social security system consists of three main part: social insurance, non-contributory system and health care services. Payments and assistances as part of the non-contributory system and social insurance are paid for old age, disability, survivors, sickness, maternity, work injury and unemployment risks. Family assistances are implemented completely by non-contributory system. Health care services which has been faced with partial privatization in time are generally financed with taxes and health care services are fulfilled by primary health care and secondary care.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beveridge report means-tested benefit social insurance state pension state second pension new right third way

Kaynakça

  • Alcock, P. (1999). Development of Social Security. Introduction to Social Security (Ed: J. Ditch). London: Routlege, ss. 43-67.
  • Aksakoğlu, G. ve Giray, H. (2006). Birleşik Krallık’ta Ulusal Sağlık Hizmetinin Öyküsü. Toplum ve Hekim, 21 (5-6), ss. 1-16. http://webb.deu.edu.tr/halksagligi/doc/yazilar/ga-birlesikkrallik.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.10.2015)
  • Ateş, H. ve Demirel, D. (2014). Üçüncü Yol ve İngiltere’de Blair Dönemi Kamu Reformları. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 47 (3), ss. 1-18.
  • Beer, A. (2012). United Kingdom. International Perspectives on Social Security Reform (Ed: R. G. Penner). Washington: Urban Institute Press, ss. 111-133.
  • Beveridge, W. (1942). Social Insurance and Allied Services. London: HMSO. http://www.who.int/bulletin/archives/78(6)847.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2015)
  • Birlik, E. (1950). İngiltere’de Sağlık Hizmetleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 7 (3-4), ss. 192-213.
  • Blake, D. (2003). The UK Penson System: Key Issues. Pensions: An International Journal, 8 (4), ss. 330-375.
  • Bonoli, G. (2000). The Politics of Pension Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ss. 52-85.
  • Chung, W.; Disney, R.; Emmerson, C. ve Wakefield, M. (2008). Public Policy and Retirement Saving Incentives in the United Kingdom. Pension Strategies in Europe an the United States (Ed: R. Fenge; G. de Menil ve P. Pestiau). London: MIT Press, ss. 169-209.
  • Connell, A. (2011). Welfare Policy Under New Labour The Politics of Social Security Reform. London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Demircan, Ç. (2010). Üçüncü Yol ve Yolun Sonu. Memleket Siyaset Yönetim, 5 (12), ss. 201-226.
  • Department of Health (DH) (2013). Guide to Healthcare System in England. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/194002/9421-2900878-TSO-NHS_Guide_to_Healthcare_WEB.PDF (Erişim Tarihi: 30.10.2015)
  • Dilnot, A. ve Webb, S. (1988). The 1988 Social Security Reforms. Fiscal Studies, 9 (3), ss. 26-53.
  • Disney, R. (2001). The UK System of Pension Provision. Pension Reform in Six Countries (Ed: A. H. Börsch-Supon ve M. Miegel). Heidelberg: Springer, ss. 87-109.
  • European Commission (EC) (2013). Your Social Security Rights in the United Kingdom. http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/empl_portal/SSRinEU/Your%20social%20security%20rights%20in%20UK_en.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 29.10.2015)
  • Evason, E. (1999). British Pension Policies Evolution, Outcomes and Options. Introduction to Social Security (Ed: J. Ditch). London: Routlege, ss. 97-117.
  • Galasso, V. (2006). Political Future of Social Security in Aging Societies. London: MIT Press, ss. 159-179.
  • George, V. (1973). Social Security and Society. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Giaimo, S. ve Manov, P. (1999). Adapting the Welfare State: The Case of Health Care Reform in Britain, Germany and the United States. Comparative Political Issues, 32 (8), ss. 967-1000.
  • Glennerster, H. (1995). Britsh Social Policy since 1945. Cornwall: Blacwell Publishers.
  • Griggs, E. (1991). The Politics of Health Care Reform in Britain. The Political Quarterly, 62 (4), ss. 419-430.
  • Guardiancich, I. (2010). United Kingdom Current Pension System: First Assessment of Reform Outcomes and Output. http://www.ose.be/files/publication/2010/country_reports_pension/OSE_2010_CRpension_UK.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 29.10.2015)
  • Harris, N. (2000). Social Security Law in Context. New York: Oxford.
  • Hill, M. (1990). Social Security Policy in Britain. Aldershot: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Hyde, M.; Dixon, J. ve Joyner, M. (1999). “Work for Those That Can, Security for Those That Cannot”: The United Kingdom’s New Social Security Reform Agenda. International Social Security Association, 52 (4), ss. 69-86.
  • Kaufmann, F. X. (2013). Variations of the Welfare State: Great Britain, Sweden, France and Germany Between Capitalism and Socialism. (Çev: Thomas Dunlap), Heidelberg: Springer, ss. 92-114.
  • Liu, L. (1999). Retirement Income Securtiy in the United Kingdom. Social Security Bulletin, 62 (1), ss. 23-46.
  • Lucas, H. (1977). Pensions & Industrial Relations. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Marier, P. (2008). Pension Politics: Consensus and Social Conflict in Aging Societies, London: Routlege, ss. 146-173.
  • Munnell, A. H. ve Steven, A. S. (2006). Social Security and the Stock Market: How the Pursuit of Market Magic Shapes the System. Michigan: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, ss. 69-90.
  • NHS England (2014). Understanding the New NHS. https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/simple-nhs-guide.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 30.10.2015)
  • Nobles, R. (1996). Pensions Act 1995. The Modern Law Review, 59 (2), ss. 241-260.
  • Page, R. M. (2007). Revisiting the Welfare State. Berkshire: Open University Press.
  • Paton, C. (2001). New Labour’s Health Policy: The New Healthcare State. New Labour, New Welfare State (Ed: M. Powell), Bristol: The Policy Press, ss. 51-75.
  • Paton, C. (2002). Cheques and checks: New Labour’s Record on the NHS. Evaluating New Labour’s Welfare Reforms (Ed: M. Powell), Bristol: The Policy Press, ss. 127-143.
  • Paton, C. (2014). Garbage-Can Policy Making Meets Neo Liberal Ideology: Twenty Five Years of Redundant Reform of the English National Health Service. Social Policy & Administration, 48 (3), ss. 319-342
  • Royle, E. (2012). Modern Britain: A Social History 1750-2010. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Sallan Gül, S. (2000). Yeni Sağ Sosyal Güvenlik Anlayışının Tarihsel Bağlantıları: İngiltere ve Türkiye Örnekleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 40 (3-4), ss. 51-66.
  • Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) (2012). Avrupa Birliği’nde Sosyal Güvenlik, Ankara: SGK.
  • Social Security Programs Throughout the World (SSPTW). (2014). United Kingdom, ss. 318-325. https://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2014-2015/europe/unitedkingdom.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.10.2015)
  • Tang, K. I. ve Midgley, J. (2008). The Origins and Features of Social Security. Social Security, the Economy and Development (Ed: J. Midgley ve K. I. Tang). New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ss.17-50.
  • Taylor-Gooby, P. (2006). UK Pension Reform: A Test Case for a Liberal Welfare State. Ageing and Pension Reform Around the World (Ed: G. Bonoli ve T. Shinkawa). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, ss. 116-136.
  • Tuncay, A. C. ve Ekmekçi, Ö. (2015). Sosyal Güvenlik Hukuku Dersleri (17. Baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Walker, C. (2001). The Forms of Privatization of Social Security in Britain. Marketization of Social Security (Ed: J Dixon ve M. Hydeman). Westport: Greenwood Press, ss. 123-142.
  • Whitehouse, E. (1998). Pension Reform in Britain. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14175/1/MPRA_paper_14175.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 23.10.2015)
  • https://www.gov.uk/additional-state-pension (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/calculate-state-pension (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/child-benefit-rates (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/dla-disability-living-allowance-benefit/what-youll-get (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/employers-maternity-pay-leave (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/employment-support-allowance/what-youll-get (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/guardians-allowance/eligibility (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/income-support/eligibility (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/industrial-injuries-disablement-benefit/what-youll-get (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/jobseekers-allowance/what-youll-get (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/over-80-pension/what-youll-get (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/personal-pensions (Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/state-pension (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/statutory-sick-pay (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/sure-start-maternity-grant/overview (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/widowed-parents-allowance/what-youll-get (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/industrial-injuries-disablement-benefits-technicalguidance/industrial-injuries-disablement-benefits-technical-guidance#appendix-1-list-ofdiseases-covered-by-industrial-injuries-disablement-benefit (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/rates-and-allowances-national-insurancecontributions/rates-and-allowances-national-insurance-contributions (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/418090/new-statepension-glossary-of-terms.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/448136/current_State_Pension_scheme_July_2015.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/480248/Your_State_Pension_explained_autumn_15.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/486647/Introduction_to_the_new_State_Pension_dec_2015.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2016)
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/486479/statepension-stakeholder-questions-and-answers-161215.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2016)
  • https://www.lovemoney.com/news/17465/auto-enrolment-the-alternatives-to-nest (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2016)
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hukuk
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Burcu Ezer 0000-0003-4376-656X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Nisan 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3 - Prof.Dr. Akar ÖCAL Armağanı

Kaynak Göster

APA Ezer, B. (2016). Tarihçesi ve Bugünü İle Birleşik Krallık Sosyal Güvenlik Sisteminin Esasları. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(3), 87-122.
AMA Ezer B. Tarihçesi ve Bugünü İle Birleşik Krallık Sosyal Güvenlik Sisteminin Esasları. AndHD. Mayıs 2016;2(3):87-122.
Chicago Ezer, Burcu. “Tarihçesi Ve Bugünü İle Birleşik Krallık Sosyal Güvenlik Sisteminin Esasları”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 2, sy. 3 (Mayıs 2016): 87-122.
EndNote Ezer B (01 Mayıs 2016) Tarihçesi ve Bugünü İle Birleşik Krallık Sosyal Güvenlik Sisteminin Esasları. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 2 3 87–122.
IEEE B. Ezer, “Tarihçesi ve Bugünü İle Birleşik Krallık Sosyal Güvenlik Sisteminin Esasları”, AndHD, c. 2, sy. 3, ss. 87–122, 2016.
ISNAD Ezer, Burcu. “Tarihçesi Ve Bugünü İle Birleşik Krallık Sosyal Güvenlik Sisteminin Esasları”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 2/3 (Mayıs 2016), 87-122.
JAMA Ezer B. Tarihçesi ve Bugünü İle Birleşik Krallık Sosyal Güvenlik Sisteminin Esasları. AndHD. 2016;2:87–122.
MLA Ezer, Burcu. “Tarihçesi Ve Bugünü İle Birleşik Krallık Sosyal Güvenlik Sisteminin Esasları”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 2, sy. 3, 2016, ss. 87-122.
Vancouver Ezer B. Tarihçesi ve Bugünü İle Birleşik Krallık Sosyal Güvenlik Sisteminin Esasları. AndHD. 2016;2(3):87-122.
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