Otonom Silah Sistemlerinin ve Doğabilecek Sorumluluk Meselesinin Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 485 - 513, 01.08.2024

Kenan Dülger , Özge Tanyeli Sökük

https://doi.org/10.54699/andhd.1386667

Öz

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin yaygın olarak kullanımına bağlı olarak her geçen gün teknolojik alt yapılarını daha fazla geliştiren devletlerin söz konusu teknoloji bağımlılığı, aynı zamanda kendileri açısından ayrı bir risk alanını da beraberinde getirmektedir. Teknolojiden her alanda yararlanıldığı gibi devletlerin kendilerine en fazla katkıyı savunma ve güvenlik alanlarında elde edebilmeleri, birinci derecede önem arz etmektedir. Zira gerek sıcak çatışmalarda gerekse caydırıcılık gücü bağlamında, her devlet kendi askeri alt yapısını sürekli yenileme ihtiyacı içindedir. Teknoloji ve bilimin gelişimi sürecinde ortaya çıkan en önemli sonuç ise insan varlığının ve katkısının giderek azalmaya başlamış olmasıdır. Savaş ve/veya silahlı çatışmalar alanında insan faktörünün giderek yerini teknolojiye bırakmaktadır. Teknolojik gelişmeler sürecinde devletlerin bahsi geçen alanlarda otonom silah sistemleri kullanımı, her geçen gün artmaktadır. Lakin otonom silahların kullanımı ile ilgili çoğu uluslararası örgüt ve devlet nezdinde uluslararası düzenleme boşlukları doğduğu düşünüldüğü gibi bu boşlukların ne şekilde doldurulacağı da açık değildir. Bu çalışmada, belirtilen hukuki boşlukların doldurulup doldurulamayacağı, hangi tür uluslararası insancıl hukuk kurallarının uygulanacağı ve bu çerçevede ortaya çıkabilecek sorumluluk sorunu ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otonom Silah Sistemleri, Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk, Yapay Zekâ, Sorumluluk, Uluslararası Suçlar.

Evaluation of Autonomous Weapon Systems and the Issue of Responsibility in the Context of International Humanitarian Law

Öz

Depending on common usage of the information and the communication technologies, technology addiction of the states, which improve their technologic infrastructure every passing day, also brines alone another risk field on their part at the same time. Taken advantage of the technology in every area, it is a primary importance for the states to obtain the most contribution in the defense and safety area. Every state is in need of to improve their military infrastructure constantly within the context of armed conflict and deterrence power. The most important thing to emerge in the development process of the technology and science is the need for human existence and contribution are gradually decreasing. We can say that technology gradually replaces humans in the war and also hot conflict. The usage of the autonomous weapon systems in the mentioned areas are increasing day by day in the development process of the technology. Nevertheless, there are regulation gap about the usage of the autonomous weapon systems in the presence of international organizations and states and it is not clear how to be filled. It is being discussed whether to be filled or not for these regulation gaps and what kind of international rules of law should be applied with its responsibilities in this study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Autonomous Weapon Systems, International Humanitarian Law, Artificial Intelligence, Responsibility, International Crimes.

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