HEPATITIS B, HEPATITIS C AND HIV SEROPOSITIVITY IN KAYSERI PENAL PRISONS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Öz

Convicts and detainees are at risk in terms of fecal-oral and blood-borne diseases, and tuberculosis due to the environment they live in. The aim of the study was to evaluate the HBV, HCV and HIV serological analyzes in blood samples examined during the first arrival general health screenings of detainees in penal institutions. In this cross-sectional study, serological data of 4916 detainees in Kayseri Penal Institution Campus between the years 2023-2024 were examined. The study was conducted by retrospectively examining the serological test results obtained within the scope of the general health screening of detainees upon their first arrival. The blood results of 415 detainees were obtained from the medical records of the patients. HbsAg was positive in 3.6% of female and 1.7% of male detainees. There were no female detainees with positive Anti-HCV and Anti-HIV values. Anti-HIV positivity was found to be 0.3% in male detainees. No statistically significant difference was observed in HbsAg, Anti-HCV and Anti-HIV positivity according to age. In our study, the positivity rates of some viral infectious agents were reported as a result of the screening performed on convict admissions to prisons. Prisons are risky environments in terms of infectious diseases. Therefore, our study once again demonstrates the necessity of screening for infectious diseases, vaccinating healthy people, treating people diagnosed with diseases, and preventing contamination of healthy people, especially in prisons, in order to protect the health of current prisoners.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Prisoners
• HbsAg
• Anti-HCV
• Anti-HIV

KAYSERİ CEZA İNFAZ KURUMLARINDA HEPATİT B, HEPATİT C VE HIV SEROPOZİTİFLİĞİ: KESİTSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

Öz

Hükümlü ve tutuklu kişiler yaşadıkları çevre açısından fekal-oral ve kan yoluyla bulaşan hastalıklar ile tüberküloz açısından risk altındadırlar. Çalışmanın amacı, ceza infaz kurumlarındaki tutukluların ilk geliş genel sağlık taramaları sırasında incelenen kan örneklerinde HBV, HCV ve HIV serolojik analizlerini değerlendirmektir. Bu kesitsel çalışmada, Kayseri Ceza İnfaz Kurumu Kampüsü'nde 2023-2024 yılları arasında bulunan 4916 tutukluya ait serolojik veriler incelendi. Çalışma, tutukluların ilk gelişlerinde genel sağlık taraması kapsamında alınan serolojik test sonuçlarının retrospektif olarak incelenmesiyle oluşturuldu. Dörtyüzonbeş tutuklunun kan sonuçları hastaların tıbbi kayıtlarından elde edildi. HbsAg, kadın tutukluların %3.6'sında ve erkek tutukluların %1.7'sinde pozitifti. Anti-HCV ve Anti-HIV değerleri pozitif olan kadın tutuklu bulunmamaktaydı. Erkek tutuklularda Anti-HIV pozitifliği %0.3 olarak bulundu. Yaşlara göre HbsAg, Anti-HCV ve Anti-HIV pozitifliğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark görülmedi. Çalışmamızda, cezaevlerine hükümlü kabulünde yapılan tarama sonucunda bazı viral enfeksiyöz ajanların pozitiflik oranları bildirilmiştir. Cezaevleri bulaşıcı hastalıklar açısından riskli ortamlardır. Bu nedenle, çalışmamız mevcut hükümlülerin de sağlığını korumak amacıyla özellikle cezaevlerinde bulaşıcı hastalıklara yönelik tarama yapılması, sağlıklı kişilere aşı yapılması, hastalık tanısı konulan kişilerin tedavisi ve sağlıklı kişilerin kontaminasyonunun önlenmesi gerekliliğini bir kez daha ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hükümlüler
• HbsAg
• Anti-HCV
• Anti-HIV

Kaynakça

1. Ay P, Karabey S. Is there a “hidden HIV/AIDS epidemic” in Turkey? The gap between the numbers and facts. Marmara Med J. 2006;19(2):90-7.
2. AIDS Epidemic Update: Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2018. http://www.who.int/hiv/facts/en/epiupdate_ en.pdf?ua=1 (erişim tarihi 20.04.2025).
3. Balcı E, Turker K, Senol V, Gunay Osman. Screening Indicators of Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV infections in Prisoners. Viral Hepat J. 2012;18(2):64-7.
4. Barré-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, et al. Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science. 1983;220:868-71.
5. Condon L, Hek G, Harris F. A review of prison Health and its implications For primary care nursing in England and Wales: the reserch evidence. J Clin Nurs. 2007;16(7):1201-09.
6. Enggist S, Møller L, Galea G, Udesen C. Prisons and health. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe, (2014).
7. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Hepatitis C. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2019. Stockholm: ECDC; (2021).
8. Faria NR, Rambaut A, Suchard MA, et al. HIV epidemiology. The early spread and epidemic ignition of HIV-1 in human populations. Science. 2014;346:56-61.

9. Hunt DR, Saab S. Viral Hepatitis in incarcerated adults: a medical and public health concern. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:1024-31.
10. Keten D, Ova ME, Keten HS, et al. The Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Among Prisoners in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2016;9(2):315-19.
11. Kose S, Adar P, Gozaydin A, et al. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in prisons: a prevalence study. Int J Prison Health. 2019;15(2):162-7.
12. Leh SK. HIV infection in U.S. correctional systems: its effect on the community. J Community Health Nurs. 1999;16:53-63.
13. Nagra N, Kozarek RA, Burman BE. Therapeutic Advances in Viral Hepatitis A-E. Adv Ther. 2022;39(4):1524-52.
14. Özdemir ME, Akova İ, Gökçek H, Ceylan A. Hepatitis B-C and HIV Seropositivity and Risk Factors in Prisoners. IGUSABDER. 2023;19:255-61.
15. Prisons and AIDS. UNAIDS Technical Update. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2018).
16. Sahin AR, Sahin AM, Gunduz A, Aktemur A, Kes Uzun N. HIV Seropositivity in a Penal Institution in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study. Klimik Derg. 2018;31(2):132-34. Turkish.
17. Status report on prison health in the WHO European Region 2022. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2023 (https://apps.who. int/iris/handle/10665/365977.
18. Thuener J. Hepatitis A and B Infections. Prim Care. 2017;44(4):621-29.