ARMENIAN MIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN THE LAST QUARTER OF THE NİNETEENTH CENTURY*

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 65, 31 - 55, 20.11.2019

Ahmet Akter

Öz

Bu çalışmada Ermenilerin ABD'ye göç etmelerinin nedenini belirlemek, bu hareket sonucunda iki ülke arasında meydana gelen gelişmeleri ortaya çıkarmak ve Ermeni göçmenlerin yeni ülkelerinde Osmanlılar tarafından nasıl izlendiğini tartışmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu konu üzerindeki çalışmaların çoğu Ermeni tehciri dönemine odaklandığı için, bu makale tehcirden önce ABD'ye göç eden Ermenilerin sayıları hakkında bazı görüşler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ermeni Göçü, ABD, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Göçmen Sayısı

Kaynakça

• References Archives BOA. (General Directorate of State Archives Ottoman Archives Office) A. MKT. MHM. Dos. 533, No.2 BOA. A. MKT. MHM. Dos. 540, No. 25 BOA. A. MKT. MHM. Dos.
• 545, No. 20 BOA. A. MKT. MHM. Dos. 658, No.42 BOA. DH. MUİ. Dos. 8–3, No. 12 BOA. Y. PRK. HR. Dos. 19, No. 12. BOA. Y. PRK. HR. Dos. 27, No. 7 BOA. DH. SYS.
• Dos. 67, No. 1–6 BOA. HR SYS. Dos. 71, No. 8 BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 71, No. 37 BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 72, No. 42 BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 71, No. 70 BOA. HR. SYS. Dos.
• 279, No. 5 BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 2735, No. 9 BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 2735, No. 38 BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 2739, No. 22. BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 2740, No. 8. BOA. HR. SYS. 2743
• BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 2759, No. 46. BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 2794, No. 31
• BOA. HR. SYS. 2795 BOA. HR. SYS. 2796 BOA. HR. SYS. 2798 BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 2830, No. 11 BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 2855, No. 35 BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 2855, No. 42
• BOA. HR. SYS. Dos. 2855, No. 68 BOA. Y. A. HUS. Dos. 238, No. 53 BOA. Y. A. HUS. Dos. 260, No. 93 BOA. Y. A. HUS. Dos. 285, No. 3. BOA. Y. A. RES. Dos. 55,
• No.53 BOA. Y. A. RES. Dos.68, No.49 BOA. Y. A. RES. Dos. 68, No. 50 BOA. Y. A. RES. Dos. 68, No. 63 BOA. Y. MTV., Dos.72, No.60 BOA Y. MTV. Dos. 258, No. 11
• BOA. Y. PRK. A. Dos. 8, No. 66 BOA. Y. PRK. ASK. Dos. 83, No. 32 BOA. Y. PRK. AZN. Dos. 20, No. 40 BOA. Y. PRK. DH. Dos. 2, No. 86 BOA. Y. PRK. HR. Dos. 27,
• No. 7 BOA. Y.PRK. UM. Dos. 26, No. 97 BOA. ZB. Dos. 407, No. 37 BOA. ZB. Dos. 407, No. 78 BOA. ZB. Dos. 419, No. 162
• Books Abbott, Edith, Immigration: Select documents and Case Records, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1924. Armaoğlu, Fahir, Belgelerle Türk–Amerikan
• Münasebetleri, TTK Basımevi, Ankara, 1991. Bliss, Edwin Munsell, Turkey and the Armenian Atrocities: A Reign of Terror from Tartar Huts to Constantinople Palaces,
• Edgewood Publishing Company, 1896. Bozkurt, Gülnihal, Alman ve İngiliz Belgelerinin ve Siyasi Gelişmelerin Işığı Altında Gayrimüslim Osmanli Vatandaşlarının Hukuki
• Durumu (1839– 1914), TTK yay., Ankara, 1989. Coan, Peter Morton, Ellis Island Interviews, Checkma Robert Mirak, Torn Between Two Lands: Armenians in America,
• 1890 to World War I, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983. Erhan,Çağrı , Türk-Amerikan İlişkilerinin Tarihsel Kökenleri, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara, 2001. Kaprielian-
• Churchill, Isabel, Like Our Mountains: A History of Armenians in Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal, 2005. Karacakaya, Recep, Kaynakçalı Ermeni
• Meselesi Kronolojisi (1878–1923), General Directorate of State Archives Ottoman Archives Office Publication, Istanbul, 2001. Kaya, İlhan, Shifting Turkish American Identity
• Formations in The United States, Ph.D. diss., Florida State University, 2003. Khater, Akram Fouad, Inventing Home: Emigration, Gender, and the Middle Class in Lebanon,
• 1870–1920, University of California Press, California, 2001 Narzakian, Sarkis, Memoirs of Sarkis Narzakian, Gomidas Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, 1995. Osmanlı Belgelerinde
• Ermeniler,: General Directorate of State Archives Ottoman Archives Office Publication, İstanbul, 1988. Osmanlı Belgelerinde Osmanlı–Fransız İlişkileri I, Devlet Arşivleri
• Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 2002. Özdemir, Hikmet et al., Ermeniler: Sürgün ve Göç, TTK yay., Ankara 2004. Şimsir, Bilal N., ”Washington’da Osmanli Elçisi Alexandre
• Mavroyeni Bey ve Ermeni Gailesi,” Ermeni Araştırmaları, No. 4 (December 2001-January 2002) Şimsir, Bilal N., Ermeni Meselesi 1774–2005, 2nd Issue, Bilgi Yay., Ankara 2005 Articles Avakian, Knarik, “The History of the Armenian Community of the United States of America : from the Beginning to 1924,” http://www.geocities.com/
• lira777/summary.html. Access date: 17 November 2004. Dauphinais, Paul R., “Étre a l’ouvrage ou étre maitresse de maison: French-Canadian Women and Work in Late
• Nineteenth-Century Massachusetts,” in Women of the Commonwelth: Work, Family and Social Change in NineteenthCentury Massachusetts, ed. Susan L. Porter,
• University of Massachusetts Press, Boston, 1996. Payaslian, Simon, “The United States Response to the Armenian Genocide,” Looking Backward, Moving Forward:
• Confronting the Armenian Genocide, ed. Richard G. Hovannisian, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 2003. APPENDICES Appendix 1: The Ottoman-US
• Citizenship Agreement of August 11, 1874 Appendix 2 : A Letter of the US Embassy in Istanbul to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tevfik Pasha of the Sublime Porte
• Appendix 3: List of (Armenian) Families Requesting Official Permission to Emigrate from the Ottoman Empire to the United States of America, September 22, 1903
• Appendix 4: Report of the Pinkerton Detective Agency to the Ottoman Consul General in Boston on Armenian Separatists in Worcester, Massachusetts, January 31, 1895