A comprehensive Assessment of Sunflower Genetic Diversity Against Macrophomina phaseolina

Abstract

The sunflower is a significant oil crop that can be cultivated in various environmental conditions. Due to the changing climate, the pathogen profile has been altered, posing a threat to sunflower production. Among the various threats, charcoal rot, caused by the soil-borne fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, is one of the most significant pathogen. This study aimed to investigate the resistance of 80 sunflower inbred lines to this pathogen using two inoculation methods and naturally infested area under field conditions in two years, 2019 and 2020. The results showed that both inoculation methods and occurrence of disease in naturally infested area (DNI) effectively differentiated between resistant and susceptible inbred lines, with the toothpick method being the most effective. Thirteen inbred lines were resistant according to all inoculation methods, and the others were moderately resistant moderately susceptible or susceptible regarding to inoculation method. The study identified five inbred lines (Ha 74, L1, LIV 10, MA SC 2 and PB 21) as the most resistant, making them important sources for breeding sunflower hybrids resistant to M. phaseolina. Their resistance was confirmed in 2020, highlighting their potential to combat the impact of climate change on sunflower production. This study represents a valuable insight into the control of M. phaseolina using sunflower resistant genotypes, especially since resistance findings have been lacking in other plant species.

Keywords

• charcoal rot
• disease severity
• Inoculation methods
• inbred lines
• sunflower

References

1. Aboshosha S S, Attaalla S I, El-Korany A E & El-Argawy E (2007). Characterization of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates affecting sunflower growth in El-Behera governorate, Egypt. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 9(6): 807-815
2. Aboutalebi R, Dalili A, Rayatpanah S & Andarkhor A (2014). Evaluation of sunflower genotypes against charcoal rots disease in vitro and in vivo condition. World Applied Sciences Journal 31(4): 649-653 Anđelković V, Cvejić S, Jocić S, Kondić-Špika A, Marjanović Jeromela A, Mikić S, Prodanović S, Radanović A, Savić Ivanov S, Trkulja D & Miladinović D (2020). Use of plant genetic resources in crop improvement–example of Serbia. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 67(8): 1935-1948
3. Aydoğdu M, Kurbetli İ & Sülü G (2022). Occurrence of charcoal rot in globe artichoke and assessment of inoculation techniques for pathogenicity and management. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 65: e22210254
4. Beg A (1992). Screening sunflower inbred lines for charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) resistance. Helia 15(16): 91-96 Bokor P (2007). Macrophomina phaseolina causing a charcoal rot of sunflower through Slovakia. Biologia 62(2): 136-138
5. Chattopadhyay C, Kolte S J & Waliyar F (2015). Diseases of edible oilseed crops. Taylor & Francis, Oxfordshire Dell’Olmo E, Tripodi P, Zaccardelli M & Sigillo L (2022). Occurrence of Macrophomina phaseolina on Chickpea in Italy: Pathogen Identification and Characterization. Pathogens 11(8): 84
6. Chowdhury S, Basu A & Kundu S (2017). Biotrophy-necrotrophy switch in pathogen evoke differential response in resistant and susceptible sesame involving multiple signaling pathways at different phases. Scientific reports 7(1): 1-17
7. Cotuna O, Paraschivu M & Sărățeanu V (2021). Charcoal rot of the sunflower roots and stems (Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.)-An overview. Scientific Papers 22(1): 107-116
8. Ćuk N, Cvejić S, Mladenov V, Miladinović D, Babec B, Jocić S & Dedić B (2022). Introducing a cut-stem inoculation method for fast evaluation of sunflower resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina. Phytoparasitica 50(4): 775-788

9. Debaeke P, Casadebaig P, Flenet F & Langlade N (2017). Sunflower crop and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and mitigation potential from case-studies in Europe. OCL Oilseeds and fats crops and lipids 24(1): 15
10. Dedić B, Miladinović D, Jocić S, Terzić S, Tančić S, Dušanić N & Miklič V (2011). Sunflower inbred lines screening for tolerance to white rot on stalk. Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo/Field and Vegetable Crops Research 48(1): 167-172
11. Dinno A (2015). Nonparametric pairwise multiple comparisons in independent groups using Dunn's test. The Stata Journal 15(1), 292-300
12. Ijaz S, Sadaqat H A & Khan M N (2013). A review of the impact of charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) on sunflower. The Journal of Agricultural Science 151(2): 222-227
13. Jalil S, Sadaqat H A, Tahir H N, Shafaullah H A & Ali N (2013). Response of sunflower under charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) stress conditions. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 1(3): 89-92
14. Jiménez-Díaz R M Blanco-Lópaz M A & Sackston C (1983). Incidence and Distribution of Charcoal Rot of Sunflower Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in Spain. Plant Disease 67: 1033-1036
15. Jordaan E, Van der Waals J E & McLaren N W (2019). Effect of irrigation on charcoal rot severity, yield loss and colonization of soybean and sunflower. Crop Protection 122(2) 63-69
16. Kaya Y (2016). Sunflower In S Gupta (Eds.) Breeding oilseed crops for sustainable production, Elsevier Inc, Asterdam, pp. 55-88 Khan S N (2007). Macrophomina phaseolina as causal agent for charcoal rot of sunflower. Mycopathology 5(2): 111–118
17. Laidig F, Feike T, Hadasch S, Rentel D, Klocke B, Miedaner T & Piepho HP (2021). Breeding progress of disease resistance and impact of disease severity under natural infections in winter wheat variety trials. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 134: 1281-1302
18. Mahmoud A (2010). Molecular and biological investigations of damping-off and charcoal-rot diseases in sunflower. (Thesis), Sabanci University, Turkey
19. Mahmoud A & Budak H (2011). First report of charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in sunflower in Turkey. Plant disease 95(2) 223-223
20. Masalia R R, Temme A A, Torralba N D L & Burke J M (2018). Multiple genomic regions influence root morphology and seedling growth in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under well-watered and water-limited conditions. PLoS One 13(9): e0204279
21. McKinney H H (1923). Influence of soil, temperature and moisture on infection of wheat seedling by Helminthosporium sativum. Journal of Agricultural Research 31(9): 827-840
22. Mihaljčević M (1980). Sources of resistance to Sclerotium bataticola Taub. in sunflower inbred lines and hybrids. (Thesis) University of Novi Sad, Serbia Miklič V (2022). Introduction to the Special Issue Sunflower. OCL 29(16) 1-2
23. Özelçi D, Akbulut G B & Yiğit E (2022). Effects of Melatonin on Morus nigra cv.' Eksi Kara' Exposed to Drought Stress. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 28(4): 555-569
24. Parmar H, Kapadiya H J, Bhaliya C M & Patel R C (2018). Effect of Media and Temperature on the Growth and Sclerotial Formation of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid causing Root Rot of Castor. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7(2): 671-675
25. Qamar M I & Ghazanfar M U (2019) Effect of charcoal rot (M. phaseolina) on yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 31(2): 221-228
26. Qi L & Ma G (2019). Marker-assisted gene pyramiding and the reliability of using SNP markers located in the recombination suppressed regions of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Genes 11(1): 10
27. Radanović A, Cvejić S, Luković J, Jocković M, Jocić S, Dedić B, Gvozdenac S, Ćuk N, Hladni N, Jocković J, Hrnjaković O & Miladinović D (2022). Creating climate smart sunflower for future challenges–the SMARTSUN multidisciplinary project. In Proceedings, 20th International Sunflower Conference, 20-23 June, Novi Sad, pp. 252-252 RSRHZ (2023). Meteorološki godišnjak - klimatološki podaci Retrived in April, 24, 2023 from https://www.hidmet.gov.rs/latin/meteorologija/klimatologija_godisnjaci.php.
28. Schneiter A & Miller J F (1981). Description of Sunflower Growth Stages. Crop Science 21: 901-903
29. Schroeder M M, Lai Y, Shirai M, Alsalek N, Tsuchiya T, Roberts P & Eulgem T (2019). A novel Arabidopsis pathosystem reveals cooperation of multiple hormonal response-pathways in host resistance against the global crop destroyer Macrophomina phaseolina. Scientific reports 9(1): 1-14
30. Seiler G J, Qi L L & Marek L F (2017). Utilization of sunflower crop wild relatives for cultivated sunflower improvement. Crop Science 57(3): 1083-1101
31. Sharma M, Ghosh R, Telangre R, Rathore A, Saifulla M, Mahalinga DM, Saxena DR & Jain YK (2016). Environmental influences on pigeonpea-Fusarium udum interactions and stability of genotypes to Fusarium wilt. Frontiers in plant science 7: 253
32. Shehbaz M, Rauf S, Al-Sadi A M, Nazir S, Bano S, Shahzad M & Hussain M M (2018). Introgression and inheritance of charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) resistance from silver sunflower (Helianthus argophyllus Torr. and A. Gray) into cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Australasian Plant Pathology 47(4):413-420
33. Siddique S, Shoaib A, Khan S N & Mohy-Ud-Din A (2020). Screening and histopathological characterization of sunflower germplasm for resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina. Mycologia 113 (1):1-16
34. Škorić D (2016). Sunflower breeding for resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In: A K Shanker & C Shanker (Eds.), Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants-Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. IntechOpen, London, pp. 585-635
35. Taha M M, Mahmoud A F, Hassan M A, Mahmoud A M & Sallam M A (2018). Potential resistance of certain sunflower cultivars and inbred lines against charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Journal of Phytopathology and Pest Management 5(3): 55-66
36. Talukdar A, Verma K, Gowda D S, Lal S K, Sapra R L, Singh K P, Singh R & Sinha P (2009). Molecular breeding for charcoal rot resistance in soybean I. Screening and mapping population development. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 69(04): 367-370
37. Tančić S, Terzić S, Dedić B, Atlagić J, Jocić S & Miklič V (2012). Resistance of wild sunflower species to Macrophomina phaseolina. In: Proceedings of the forth joint UNS-PSU international conference on bioscience: biotechnology and biodiversity,18-20 June, Novi Sad, pp. 34–37
38. Tančić-Živanov S, Dedić B, Cvejić S, Jocić S & Miklič V (2021). Sunflower genotypes tolerance to charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.) under the field conditions. Genetika 53(3): 1117-1131
39. USDA (2023). Sunflower seed 2022World Production: 50,442 (1000 MT) Retrieved in April, 21, 2023 from https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/cropview/commodityView.aspx?cropid=2224000
40. Van der Heyden H, Dutilleul P, Charron J B, Bilodeau G J & Carisse O (2021). Monitoring airborne inoculum for improved plant disease management. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 41(3): 1-23
41. Veverka K, Palicová J & Křížková I (2008). The incidence and spreading of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanovich on sunflower in the Czech Republic. Plant Protection Science 44(4) :127–137
42. Warburton M L, Rauf S, Marek L, Hussain M, Ogunola O & Gonzalez D S J (2017). The use of crop wild relatives in maize and sunflower breeding. Crop Science 57(3): 1227-1240