The effects of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Essential Oils on Growth Performance and Digestive Physiological Traits in Black Sea Salmon (Salmo labrax PALLAS 1814) Juveniles

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 362 - 370, 31.01.2023

Osman Tolga Özel Recayi Çimagil Selin Ertürk Gürkan İsa Coşkun Mustafa Türe İlyas Kutlu

https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.981751

Öz

The present study was carried out in the freshwater recirculating aquaculture system to determine the effects of the fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) essential oil on Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax). Fish were distributed randomly to 50 L experimental tanks, and 45 fish were in each tank. The experiment was triplicate in each group, and the results were averaged. Five diets of equal isonitrogenous and isocaloric content with 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1 of fennel essential oil were prepared. Fish were fed with diets at the rate of 3% of live body weight four times daily by hand for 90 days. The results revealed that dietary supplementation with fennel essential oil did not have any significant effect on the growth performance. Supplementation with 200 mg fennel kg-1 increased lipase activity in contrast with control group. Supplementation with 400 mg kg-1 fennel showed similar results with the control group in terms of pepsin activity. The intestinal villi length of fish fed 200 mg kg-1 fennel was higher than the control group. The thickness of muscularis in group fed with 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 fennel was similar to each other and higher than the control group. Lactic acid bacteria were reduced by fennel essential oil supplementation. Results showed that fennel essential oil can be used in diets of Black Sea salmon without the growth performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Salmo trutta labrax, feed additive, essential oil, nutrition

Destekleyen Kurum

General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies.

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/HAYSUD/2017/A11/P-01/3.

Kaynakça

• Abdel-Latif HMR, Abdel-Tawwab M, Khafaga AF & Dawood MAO (2020). Dietary oregano essential oil improved the growth performance via enhancing the intestinal morphometry and hepato-renal functions of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings. Aquaculture. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735432
• Abd El-Naby AS, Al-Sagheer AA, Negm SS & Naiel MAE (2019). Dietary combination of chitosan nanoparticle and thymol affects feed utilization, digestive enzymes, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology of Oreochromis niloticus, Aquaculture, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734577.
• Abo-State HA, El-Monairy MM, Hammouda YA & Elgendy MY (2017). Effect of a phytogenic feed additive on the growth performance and susceptibility of Oreochromis niloticus to Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 12, 141-148. doi:10.3923/jfas.2017.141.148.
• Addam KGS, Pereira SA, Jesus GFA, Cardoso L, Syracuse N, Lopes GR, Lehmann NB, da Silva BC, de Sá LS, Chaves FCM, Martins ML & Mouriño JLP (2018). Dietary organic acids blend alone or in combination with an essential oil on the survival, growth, gut/liver structure and de hemato‐immunological in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture research. 00: 1-12. doi: 10.1111/are.14250.
• Alagawany M, Farag MR, Salah AS & Mahmoud MA (2020). The role of oregano herb and its derivatives as immunomodulators in fish. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1–12. doi: 10.1111/raq.12453
• ALsafah AH & AL-Faragi JK (2017). Influence of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as feed additives on growth performance and antifungal activity on Saprolegnia spp. in Cyprinus carpio L. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5, 1598-1602.
• Amhamed ID, Mohamed GA, Almabrok AA, Altief TAS & Bilen S (2018). Efficacy of dietary Chenopodium album extract on some health parameters, digestive enzymes and growth performance in juvenile Cyprinus carpio. Alinteri Journal of Agriculure Science, 33, 165-176. doi:10.28955/alinterizbd.412455.
• Bieth J, Metais P (1968). The simultaneous presence of trypsin and trypsin inhibitors in some pathological effusions. Clinica Chimica Acta, 22, 639-642. Bilal T, Keser O & Abaş İ 2008. The use of essential oils in animal nutrition. Journal Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 5, 41-50.
• Bradford MM (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248-254.
• Cruz Villeda DA (2013). Effect of dietary essential oils supplementation on growth performance, protein digestibility and digestive enzymes in juvenile gilthead seabream fed a low fishmeal diet. Universidade Do Algarve, Master thesis.
• Çabuk M, Eratak S, Alçicek A & Bozkurt M (2014). Effects of Herbal Essential Oil Mixture as a Dietary Supplement on Egg Production in Quail.The Scientific World Journal. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/573470
• Çakmak E, Aksungur N, Firidin Ş, Aksungur M, Çavdar Y, Kurtoğlu İZ, Başçınar N, Akbulut B, Savaş H, Üstündağ E, Alkan A, Ergün H, Erteken A, Zengin B, Serdar S & Fidan D, Özkan B, (2013). Karadeniz alabalığı (Salmo trutta kabrax, Pallas 1811)’nın özel sektöre kazandırılması, Proje no: TAGEM/HAYSÜD/2006/09/03/02, Trabzon, 147s.
• Dedi J, Hutama AA, Nurhayati T, Wasjan & Vinasyiam A (2019). Growth performance and flesh quality of common carp, Cyprinus carpio feeding on the diet supplemented with cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) leaf. AACL Bioflux, 9, 937-943.
• De Souza EM, de Souza RC, Melo JFB, da Costa MM, de Souza AM & Copatti CE (2019). Evaluation of the effects of Ocimum basilicum essential oil in Nile tilapia diet: growth, biochemical, intestinal enzymes, haematology, lysozyme and antimicrobial challenges. Aquaculture 504, 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.01.052.
• European Commission (2010). Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The Official Journal of the European Union, 276, 1–79.
• Giannenas I, Triantafillou E, Stavrakakis S, Margaroni M, Mavridis S, Steiner T & Karagouni E (2012). Assessment of dietary supplementation with carvacrol or thymol containing feed additives on performance, intestinal microbiota and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 350-353, 26-32. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.027.
• Hani YMİ, Marchand A, Turies C, Kerambrun E, Palluel O, Bado-Nilles A, Beaudouin R, Porcher JM, Geffard A & Dedourge-Geffard O (2018). Digestive enzymes and gut morphometric parameters of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Influence of body size and temperature. PLoS ONE, 13, e0194932. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194932.
• Harrigan WF & McCance ME (1976). Laboratory methods in food and dairy microbiology. Academic Press Inc., London.
• Hassaan MS & Soltan MA (2016). Evaluation of essential oil of fennel and garlic separately or combined with Bacillus licheniformis on the growth, feeding behaviour, hemato-biochemical indices of Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fry. Hassaan and Soltan, Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 7, 100422. Doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000422.
• Heidarieh M, Mirvaghefi AR, Akbari M, Farahmand H, Sheikhzadeh N, Shahbazfar AA & Behgar M (2012). Effect of dietary Ergosan on growth performance, digestive enzymes, intestinal histology, hematological parameters and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiol Biochem. 38:1169–1174. Doi: 10.1007/s10695-012-9602-8
• Hoseinifar SH, Doan HV & Ashouri G (2019). Galactooligosaccharide effects as prebiotic on intestinal microbiota of different fish species. RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries, 14, 266-278. doi:10.22363/2312-797X-2019-14-3-266-278.
• Hoseinifar SY, Sharifian M, Vesaghi MJ, Khalili M & Esteban A (2014). The effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide on mucosal parameters, intestinal microbiota and morphology and growth performance of Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) fry. Fish & Shellfish Immunology Volume 39, Issue 2, 231-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.009 1050-4648.
• Infante JZ & Cahu CL (1994). Influence of diet on pepsin and some pancreatic enzymes in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 109, 209-212.
• Karasu K & Öztürk E (2014). Antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of medicinal and aromatic plants in poultry. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Special Issue, 2, 1766-1772.
• Khalafalla MME (2009). Utilization of some medical plants as feed additives for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, feeds. Mediterranean Aquaculture Journal, 2, 9-18. Kilkenny C, Browne WJ, Cuthill IC, Emerson M & Altman DG (2010). Improving bioscience research reporting: The ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biology, 8, e1000412. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000412
• Kim JD, Nhut TM, Hai TN & Ra CS (2011). Effect of dietary essential oils on growth, feed utilization and meat yields of white leg shrimp L. vannamei. Asian-Aust. Journal Animal Sciences, 24, 1136–1141.
• Magouz FI, Mahmoud SA, El-Morsy RAA, Paray BA, Soliman AA, Zaineldin AI & Dawood MAO (2021). Dietary menthol essential oil enhanced the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune-related genes, and resistance against acute ammonia exposure in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 530, 735944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735944.
• Mahdavi S, Yeganeh S, Firouzbakhsh F & Janikhalili KH (2014). Effects of supplementary fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) essential oil of diet on growth, survival, body composition and hematological parameters of Rutilus frisii kutum fry. Fisheries Science & Technology, 3, 79-90.
• Mohamed GA, Amhamed ID, Almabrok AA, Barka ABA, Bilen S & Elbeshti RT (2018). Effect of celery (Apium graveolens) extract on the growth, haematology, immune response and digestive enzyme activity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 7(2): 51-59
• Mumford S, Heidel J, Smith C, Morrison J, MacConnell B, Blazer V (2007). Fish histology and histopathology. Retrieved from https://training.fws.gov/resources/course-resources/fish-histology/Fish_Histology_Manual_v4.pdf.
• Munglue P & Dasri K (2015). Effects of Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib leaf extract on growth parameters and intestinal morphology of catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Proceeding Book of Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University International Conference. ST50-ST57.
• Munglue P (2016). Effects of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Stamen Extract on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Intestinal Morphology of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). KKU Res. J. 22(1).
• Munglue P, Rattana K, Sangchanjiradet S & Dasri K (2019b). Effect of dietary Lasia (Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites) extract on growth performance and intestinal histology in hybrid Catfish (Clarias macrocephalus x Clarias gariepinus). CMUJ NS Special Issue on Food and Applied Bioscience to Innovation and Technology, 18, 226-249. doi:10.12982/CMUJNS.2019.0017.
• Munglue P, Rattana K, Sangchanjiradet S, Jankam A & Dasri H (2019a). Growth performance and intestinal morphology of hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × Clarias gariepinus) fed diet supplemented with rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica) extract. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 24, 1-12.
• Natalia Y, Hashim R, Ali A & Chong A (2004). Characterization of digestive enzymes in a carnivorous ornamental fish, the Asian bony tongue Scleropages formosus (Osteoglossidae). Aquaculture 233, 305–320.
• Navarrete P, Toledo I, Mardones P, Opazo R, Espejo R & Romero J (2010). Effect of Thymus vulgaris essential oil on intestinal bacterial microbiota of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and bacterial isolates. Aquaculture Research, 41, 667-678. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02590.x
• Ngugi CC, Oyoo-Okoth E & Muchiri M (2016). Effects of dietary levels of essential oil (EO) extract from bitter lemon (Citrus limon) fruit peels on growth, biochemical, haemato-immunological parameters and disease resistance in Juvenile Labeo victorianus fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture Research, 48, 2253-2265. doi:10.1111/are.13062.
• Özel OT, Coskun I, Cakmak E & Cimagil R (2019). Histomorphological study on the pyloric caeca and intestine of Black Sea trout (Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814). Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7, 2159-2164. doi: 10.24925/turjaf.v7i12.2159-2164.2918
• Salem M & Abdel-Ghany HM (2018). Effects of dietary orange peel on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Aquaculture Studies, 18, 127-134. doi:10.4194/2618-6381-v18_2_06.
• Seden MEA, Abbass FE & Ahmad MH (2009). Effect of origanum vulgare as a feed additive on growth performance, feed utilization and whole body composition of nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) fingerlinges challenged with pathogenic aeromonas hydrophila. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 34 (3): 1683 – 1695.
• Snuossi M, Trabelsi N, Taleb SB, Dehmeni A, Flamini G & De Feo V (2016). Laurus nobilis, Zingiber officinale and Anethum graveolens Essential oils: Composition, Antioxidant and antibacterial activities against bacteria isolated from fish and shellfish. Molecules, 21, 1414. doi:10.3390/molecules21101414.
• Sotoudeh A & Yeganeh S (2016). Effects of supplementary fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) essential oil in diet on growth and reproductive performance of the ornamental fish, Convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum). Aquaculture Research, 48, 4284-4291. doi:10.1111/are.13249.
• Sutili FJ, Gatlin III DM, Heinzmann BM & Baldisserotto B (2017). Plant essential oils as fish diet additives: benefits on fish health and stability in feed. Reviews in Aquaculture. 0, 1–11. doi: 10.1111/raq.12197.
• Tonsy HD, Mahmoud SH, Labib EH & Zaki MA (2011). Effect of some medicinal plants diets on the mono-sex Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), growth performance, feed utilization and some physiological parameters. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 15, 53-72. doi: 10.21608/EJABF.2011.2101.
• Tseng HC, Grendell JH & Rothman SS (1982). Food, duodenal extracts, and enzyme secretion by the pancreas. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 243, G304-G312.
• Turan F, Gürağaç R & Sayın S (2012). The use of essential oils in aquaculture. Turkish Journal of Scientific Reviews, 5, 35-40.
• Ture M, Altinok I, Alp H (2018). Effects of cage farming on antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and Lactococcus garvieae. Microbial Drug Resistance, 24, 1422-1430. doi:10.1089/mdr.2018.0040.
• Turkish Statistical Institute (2020). Turkish Fishery Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/.
• Valladao GMR, Gallani SU, Kotzent S, Assane IM & Pilarski F (2019). Effects of dietary thyme essential oil on hemato-immunological indices, intestinal morphology, and microbiota of Nile tilapia. Aquaculture International, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-018-0332-5
• Versaw KW, Cuppet LS, Winters DD & Williams, LE (1989). An improved colorimetric assay for bacterial lipase in nonfat dry milk. Journal of Food Science, 54, 1557-1558.
• Xu A, Shang-Guan J, Li Z, Gao Z, Huang Y, Chen Q (2019). Effects of garlic powder on feeding attraction activity, growth and digestive enzyme activities of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Aquaculture Nutrition. 00: 1-10. doi: 10.1111/anu.13001.
• Wei L, Xiu-Mei Z & Li-Bo W (2010). Digestive enzyme and alkaline phosphatase activities during the early stages of Silurus soldatovi development. Zoological Research. 31(6): 627−632. Doi：10.3724/SP.J.1141.2010.06627.
• Wigraiboon S, Nomura NP & Whangchai N (2019). Effect of essential oils from Houttuynia cordata Thunb supplemented diets on growth performance and immune response of hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Linn. × Oreochromis niloticus Linn.). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4, 677-684.
• Worthington TM (1982). Pepsin enzymes and related biochemicals. Freehold, NJ: Worthington Diagnostic System Inc. Retrieved from http://www.worthington-biochem.com/index/manual.html.
• Yusuf MS, Hassan MA, Tag HM, Sarivistava K, Reddy PG & Hassan A M (2017). Influence of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on performance, histomorphology and microbiota of intestine in juvenile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). International Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 5, 7-16.