Importance of Bacteria in Pulp and Periapical Diseases: Part II
Yıl 2013,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 49 - 53, 01.10.2013
Neslihan , Şimşek
Elçin Tekin Bulut
Öz
Infection caused by various bacterial species in dental pulp and periapical tissues has been studied by the researchers comprehensively with the development of molecular techniques. It is important to determine the role of bacteria in endodontic infections to get successful outcomes in endodontic treatments. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on bacterial species in root canal enfections, their characteristics, interactions with each other and their role in infections.
Kaynakça
- 1. Tronstad L. Clinical Endodontics A Textbook. In:
The Endodontium. 3th ed. Thieme 2009: 5,25.
- 2. Torabinejad M, Walton RE. Endodontics Principles
and Practice. In: Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN,
Endodontic Microbiology. 4th ed. Saunders Elsevier
2009: 38,44.
- 3. Weine FS. Endodontic Therapy. In: Smulson MH,
Hagen JC, Ellenz SJ, Histophysiology and disease
of the dental pulp. 5th ed. Mosby 1996: 149-56.
- 4. Alaçam T. Endodonti. Bölüm 5: Pulpa ve
Periapikal Doku Hastalıkları. 2. Baskı. Özyurt
Matbaacılık 2012: 71-8.
- 5. Hagreaves KM, Cohen S. Cohen’s Pathways of the
Pulp. In: Lin ML, Huang GT-J, Pathobiology of the
Periapex. In: Kerns DG, Glickman GN, Endodontic
and Periodontal Interrelationships. 10th ed. Mosby
Elseiver 2011: 540-45, 657.
- 6. Ingle JI, Bakland LK, Baumgartner JC.
Endodontics. In: Baumgartner JC, Siqueira JF Jr,
Sedgley CM, Kishen A, Microbiology of
Endodontic Disease. 6th ed. BC Decker 2008: 225.
- 7. Sundqvist G, Taxonomy, ecology, and
pathogenicity of the root canal flora. Oral Surg Oral
Med Oral Pathol 1994; 78: 522-30.
- 8. Sundqvist G. Ecology of the root canal flora. J
Endod 1992; 18:427-40.
- 9. Sundqvist G. Associations between microbial
species in dental root canal infections. Oral
Microbiol Immunol 1992; 7: 257-62.
- 10. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Distinctive features of the
microbiota associated with different forms of apical
periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 1:
10.3402/jom.v1i0.2009.
- 11. Chavez de Paz L. Redefining the persistent
infection in root canals: possible role of biofilm
communities. J Endod 2007; 33: 652-62.
- 12. Gomes BPFA, Pinheiro ET, Gadê-Neto CR, Sousa
ELR, Ferraz CCR, Zaia AA, Teixeira FB, SouzaFilho FJ. Microbiological examination of infected
dental root canals. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2004;
19: 71-6.
- 13. Foschi F, Cavrini F, Montebugnoli L, Stashenko P,
Sambri V, Prati C. Detection of bacteria in
endodontic samples by polymerase chain reaction
assays and association with defined clinical signs in
Italian patients. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2005; 20:
289-95.
- 14. Siqueira JF Jr. Endodontic infections: concepts,
paradigms, and perspectives. Oral Surg Oral Med
Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002; 94: 281-93.
- 15. Pinheiro ET, Gomes BPFA, Ferraz CCR, Sousa
ELR, Teixeira FB, Souza-Filho FJ. Microorganisms
from canals of root-filled teeth with periapical
lesions. Int Endod J 2003; 36: 1-11.
- 16. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Uncultivated phylotypes
and newly named species associated with primary
and persistent endodontic infections. J. Clin
Microbiol 2005; 43: 3314–3319.
- 17. Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjögren U.
Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed
endodontic treatment and the outcome of
conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral
Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 85: 86-93.
- 18. Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr. Root canal microbiota of
teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. J Clin
Microbiol 2008; 46: 3599-606.
- 19. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Alves FR, Silva MG.
Bacteria in the apical root canal of teeth with
primary apical periodontitis. Oral Surg Oral Med
Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 107: 721-6.
- 20. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Paiva SSM, Magalhaes
KM, Guimaraes-Pinto T. Cultivable bacteria in
infected root canals as identified by 16S rRNA
gene sequencing. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2007;
22: 266-71.
- 21. Vianna ME, Horz HP, Gomes BP, Conrads G:
Microarrays complement culture methods for
identification of bacteria in endodontic infections.
Oral Microbiol Immunol 2005; 20: 253-58.
- 22. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Souto R, Uzeda M,
Colombo AP. Microbiological evaluation of acute
periradicular abscesses by DNA-DNA
hybridization. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral
Radiol Endod 2001; 92: 451-7.
- 23. Khemaleelakul S, Baumgartner JC, Pruksakorn S.
Identification of bacteria in acute endodontic
infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod
2002; 94: 746-55.
- 24. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. The microbiota of acute
apical abscesses. J Dent Res 2009; 88: 61-5.
- 25. de Oliveira MJC, Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN,
Baumgartner JC. Xia T, Peixoto RS, Rosado AS.
Bacterial community profiles of endodontic abscess
from Brazilian and USA sunjects as compared by
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis.
Oral Microbiol Immunol 2007; 22: 14-8.
- 26. Baumgartner JC, Siqueira JF Jr, Xia T, Rôças IN.
Geographical differences in bacteria detected in
endodontic infections using polymerase chain
reaction. J Endod 2004; 30: 141-4.
- 27. Baumgartner J C, Falker W A. Bacteria in the
apical 5 mm of infected root canals. J Endod 1991;
17: 380-3.
- 28. Siqueira JF, Jr, Rôças IN, Alves FR, Santos KR.
Selected endodontic pathogens in the apical third of
infected root canals: a molecular investigation. J
Endod 2004; 30: 638-43.
- 29. Alves FR, Siqueira JF Jr, Carmo FL, Santos AL,
Peixoto RS, Rôças IN, Rosado AS . Bacterial
community profiling of cryogenically ground
samples from the apical and coronal root segments
of teeth with apical periodontitis. J Endod 2009; 35:
486-92.
- 30. Jacinto RC, Gomes BPFA, Shah HN, Ferraz CC,
Zaia AA, Souza-Filho FJ. Incidence and
antimicrobial susceptibility of Porphyromonas
gingivalisisolated from mixed endodontic
infections. Int Endod J 2006; 39: 62-70.
- 31. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Dialister pneumosintes
can be a suspected endodontic pathogen. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002; 94:
494-8.
- 32. Xia T, Baumgartner JC, David LL. Isolation and
identification of Prevotella tannerae from
endodontic infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol
2000; 15: 273-5.
- 33. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN: Bacteroides forsythus in
primary endodontic infections as detected by nested
PCR. J Endod 2003; 29: 390-3.
- 34. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Oliveira JC, Santos KR.
Molecular detection of black -pigmented bacteria in
infections of endodontic origin. J Endod 2001; 27:
563-6.
- 35. Baumgartner JC, Watkins Bl,Bae KS, Xia T:
Association of black-pigmented bacteria with
endodontic infections. J Endod 1999; 25: 413-5.
- 36. van Winkelhoff AJ, Carlee AW, de Graaff J.
Bacteroides endodontalis and other blackpigmented Bacteroides species in odontogenic
abscesses. Infect Immun 1985; 49: 494-97.
- 37. Haapasalo M, Ranta H, Ranta K, Shah H. Blackpigmented Bacteroides spp. in human apical
periodontitis. Infect Immun 1986; 53: 149-53.
- 38. Dougherty WJ, Bae KS, Watkins BJ, Baumgartner
JC. Black pigmented bacteria in coronal and apical
segments of infected root canals. J Endod 1998; 24:
356-8.
- 39. Xia T, Baumgartner JC. Occurrence of
Actinomyces in Infections of Endodontic Origin. J
Endod 2003; 29: 549-52.
- 40. Gohean JR, Pantera EA Jr, Schuster GS. Indirect
Immunoflourescense Microscopy for The
Identification of Actinomyces sp. İn Endodontic
Disease. J Endod 1990; 16:318-22.
- 41. Siqueira JF, Jr., Rôças IN, Souto R, de Uzeda M,
Colombo AP. Actinomyces Species, Streptococci,
and Enterococcus faecalis in primary root canal
enfections. J Endod 2002; 28: 168-72.
- 42. Fouad AF. Endodontic Microbiology. In: Siqueira
JF Jr, Rôças IN, Molecular Analysis of Endodontic
Infections. Wiley-Blackwell 2009: 88.
- 43. Montagner F, Jacinto RC, Signoretti FGC, Gomes
BPFA. Treponema Species detected in infected root
canals and acute apical abscess exudates. J Endod
2010; 36: 1796-9.
- 44. Sakato M, Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Benno Y.
Diversity of Spirochetes in Endodontic Infections.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2009; 47: 1352-7.
- 45. Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr, Andrade AF, Uzeda M:
Oral treponemes in primary root canal infections as
detected by nested PCR. Int Endod 2003; 36: 20-6.
- 46. Jung IY, Choi B, Kum KY et. Al. Identification of
oral spirochetes at the species level and their
association with other bacteria in endodontic
infections. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral
RadiolEndod 2001; 92: 329-34.
- 47. Rôças IN, Siqueira JF, Jr. PCR-based identification
of Treponema maltophilum, T. Amylovorum, T.
Medium, and T. Lecithinolyticum in primary root
canal infections. Archives of Oral Biology 2003;
48: 495-502.
- 48. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Treponema species
associated with abscesses of endodontic origin.
Oral Microbiol Immunol 2004; 19: 336-9.
Pulpa ve Periapikal Doku Hastalıklarında Bakterilerin Önemi: Bölüm II
Yıl 2013,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 49 - 53, 01.10.2013
Neslihan , Şimşek
Elçin Tekin Bulut
Öz
Dental pulpa ve periapikal dokularda enfeksiyona neden olan çeşitli bakteri türleri moleküler tekniklerin de gelişmesiyle daha da ayrıntılı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından uzun yıllardır incelenmektedir. Bakterilerin endodontik enfeksiyonlardaki rollerinin bilinmesi ve belirlenmesi endodontik tedavilerde başarılı sonuçlar elde edebilmek adına önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; kök kanal enfeksiyonlarında görülen bakterilerin türleri, özellikleri, birbirleri ile olan etkileşimleri ve enfeksiyonlardaki rollerinin araştırıldığı çalışmaların derlenmesidir.
Kaynakça
- 1. Tronstad L. Clinical Endodontics A Textbook. In:
The Endodontium. 3th ed. Thieme 2009: 5,25.
- 2. Torabinejad M, Walton RE. Endodontics Principles
and Practice. In: Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN,
Endodontic Microbiology. 4th ed. Saunders Elsevier
2009: 38,44.
- 3. Weine FS. Endodontic Therapy. In: Smulson MH,
Hagen JC, Ellenz SJ, Histophysiology and disease
of the dental pulp. 5th ed. Mosby 1996: 149-56.
- 4. Alaçam T. Endodonti. Bölüm 5: Pulpa ve
Periapikal Doku Hastalıkları. 2. Baskı. Özyurt
Matbaacılık 2012: 71-8.
- 5. Hagreaves KM, Cohen S. Cohen’s Pathways of the
Pulp. In: Lin ML, Huang GT-J, Pathobiology of the
Periapex. In: Kerns DG, Glickman GN, Endodontic
and Periodontal Interrelationships. 10th ed. Mosby
Elseiver 2011: 540-45, 657.
- 6. Ingle JI, Bakland LK, Baumgartner JC.
Endodontics. In: Baumgartner JC, Siqueira JF Jr,
Sedgley CM, Kishen A, Microbiology of
Endodontic Disease. 6th ed. BC Decker 2008: 225.
- 7. Sundqvist G, Taxonomy, ecology, and
pathogenicity of the root canal flora. Oral Surg Oral
Med Oral Pathol 1994; 78: 522-30.
- 8. Sundqvist G. Ecology of the root canal flora. J
Endod 1992; 18:427-40.
- 9. Sundqvist G. Associations between microbial
species in dental root canal infections. Oral
Microbiol Immunol 1992; 7: 257-62.
- 10. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Distinctive features of the
microbiota associated with different forms of apical
periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 1:
10.3402/jom.v1i0.2009.
- 11. Chavez de Paz L. Redefining the persistent
infection in root canals: possible role of biofilm
communities. J Endod 2007; 33: 652-62.
- 12. Gomes BPFA, Pinheiro ET, Gadê-Neto CR, Sousa
ELR, Ferraz CCR, Zaia AA, Teixeira FB, SouzaFilho FJ. Microbiological examination of infected
dental root canals. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2004;
19: 71-6.
- 13. Foschi F, Cavrini F, Montebugnoli L, Stashenko P,
Sambri V, Prati C. Detection of bacteria in
endodontic samples by polymerase chain reaction
assays and association with defined clinical signs in
Italian patients. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2005; 20:
289-95.
- 14. Siqueira JF Jr. Endodontic infections: concepts,
paradigms, and perspectives. Oral Surg Oral Med
Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002; 94: 281-93.
- 15. Pinheiro ET, Gomes BPFA, Ferraz CCR, Sousa
ELR, Teixeira FB, Souza-Filho FJ. Microorganisms
from canals of root-filled teeth with periapical
lesions. Int Endod J 2003; 36: 1-11.
- 16. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Uncultivated phylotypes
and newly named species associated with primary
and persistent endodontic infections. J. Clin
Microbiol 2005; 43: 3314–3319.
- 17. Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjögren U.
Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed
endodontic treatment and the outcome of
conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral
Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 85: 86-93.
- 18. Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr. Root canal microbiota of
teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. J Clin
Microbiol 2008; 46: 3599-606.
- 19. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Alves FR, Silva MG.
Bacteria in the apical root canal of teeth with
primary apical periodontitis. Oral Surg Oral Med
Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 107: 721-6.
- 20. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Paiva SSM, Magalhaes
KM, Guimaraes-Pinto T. Cultivable bacteria in
infected root canals as identified by 16S rRNA
gene sequencing. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2007;
22: 266-71.
- 21. Vianna ME, Horz HP, Gomes BP, Conrads G:
Microarrays complement culture methods for
identification of bacteria in endodontic infections.
Oral Microbiol Immunol 2005; 20: 253-58.
- 22. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Souto R, Uzeda M,
Colombo AP. Microbiological evaluation of acute
periradicular abscesses by DNA-DNA
hybridization. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral
Radiol Endod 2001; 92: 451-7.
- 23. Khemaleelakul S, Baumgartner JC, Pruksakorn S.
Identification of bacteria in acute endodontic
infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod
2002; 94: 746-55.
- 24. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. The microbiota of acute
apical abscesses. J Dent Res 2009; 88: 61-5.
- 25. de Oliveira MJC, Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN,
Baumgartner JC. Xia T, Peixoto RS, Rosado AS.
Bacterial community profiles of endodontic abscess
from Brazilian and USA sunjects as compared by
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis.
Oral Microbiol Immunol 2007; 22: 14-8.
- 26. Baumgartner JC, Siqueira JF Jr, Xia T, Rôças IN.
Geographical differences in bacteria detected in
endodontic infections using polymerase chain
reaction. J Endod 2004; 30: 141-4.
- 27. Baumgartner J C, Falker W A. Bacteria in the
apical 5 mm of infected root canals. J Endod 1991;
17: 380-3.
- 28. Siqueira JF, Jr, Rôças IN, Alves FR, Santos KR.
Selected endodontic pathogens in the apical third of
infected root canals: a molecular investigation. J
Endod 2004; 30: 638-43.
- 29. Alves FR, Siqueira JF Jr, Carmo FL, Santos AL,
Peixoto RS, Rôças IN, Rosado AS . Bacterial
community profiling of cryogenically ground
samples from the apical and coronal root segments
of teeth with apical periodontitis. J Endod 2009; 35:
486-92.
- 30. Jacinto RC, Gomes BPFA, Shah HN, Ferraz CC,
Zaia AA, Souza-Filho FJ. Incidence and
antimicrobial susceptibility of Porphyromonas
gingivalisisolated from mixed endodontic
infections. Int Endod J 2006; 39: 62-70.
- 31. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Dialister pneumosintes
can be a suspected endodontic pathogen. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002; 94:
494-8.
- 32. Xia T, Baumgartner JC, David LL. Isolation and
identification of Prevotella tannerae from
endodontic infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol
2000; 15: 273-5.
- 33. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN: Bacteroides forsythus in
primary endodontic infections as detected by nested
PCR. J Endod 2003; 29: 390-3.
- 34. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Oliveira JC, Santos KR.
Molecular detection of black -pigmented bacteria in
infections of endodontic origin. J Endod 2001; 27:
563-6.
- 35. Baumgartner JC, Watkins Bl,Bae KS, Xia T:
Association of black-pigmented bacteria with
endodontic infections. J Endod 1999; 25: 413-5.
- 36. van Winkelhoff AJ, Carlee AW, de Graaff J.
Bacteroides endodontalis and other blackpigmented Bacteroides species in odontogenic
abscesses. Infect Immun 1985; 49: 494-97.
- 37. Haapasalo M, Ranta H, Ranta K, Shah H. Blackpigmented Bacteroides spp. in human apical
periodontitis. Infect Immun 1986; 53: 149-53.
- 38. Dougherty WJ, Bae KS, Watkins BJ, Baumgartner
JC. Black pigmented bacteria in coronal and apical
segments of infected root canals. J Endod 1998; 24:
356-8.
- 39. Xia T, Baumgartner JC. Occurrence of
Actinomyces in Infections of Endodontic Origin. J
Endod 2003; 29: 549-52.
- 40. Gohean JR, Pantera EA Jr, Schuster GS. Indirect
Immunoflourescense Microscopy for The
Identification of Actinomyces sp. İn Endodontic
Disease. J Endod 1990; 16:318-22.
- 41. Siqueira JF, Jr., Rôças IN, Souto R, de Uzeda M,
Colombo AP. Actinomyces Species, Streptococci,
and Enterococcus faecalis in primary root canal
enfections. J Endod 2002; 28: 168-72.
- 42. Fouad AF. Endodontic Microbiology. In: Siqueira
JF Jr, Rôças IN, Molecular Analysis of Endodontic
Infections. Wiley-Blackwell 2009: 88.
- 43. Montagner F, Jacinto RC, Signoretti FGC, Gomes
BPFA. Treponema Species detected in infected root
canals and acute apical abscess exudates. J Endod
2010; 36: 1796-9.
- 44. Sakato M, Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Benno Y.
Diversity of Spirochetes in Endodontic Infections.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2009; 47: 1352-7.
- 45. Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr, Andrade AF, Uzeda M:
Oral treponemes in primary root canal infections as
detected by nested PCR. Int Endod 2003; 36: 20-6.
- 46. Jung IY, Choi B, Kum KY et. Al. Identification of
oral spirochetes at the species level and their
association with other bacteria in endodontic
infections. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral
RadiolEndod 2001; 92: 329-34.
- 47. Rôças IN, Siqueira JF, Jr. PCR-based identification
of Treponema maltophilum, T. Amylovorum, T.
Medium, and T. Lecithinolyticum in primary root
canal infections. Archives of Oral Biology 2003;
48: 495-502.
- 48. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Treponema species
associated with abscesses of endodontic origin.
Oral Microbiol Immunol 2004; 19: 336-9.