Periodontal Enflamasyon ve C-Reaktif Protein Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 38 - 41, 01.04.2017

Şeydanur Dengizek Eltas Mustafa Özay Uslu Abubekir Eltas

Öz

Periodontal hastalıklar, mikrobiyal dental plaktaki patojenik bakterilerin ve ürünlerinin etkisiyle gelişen, periodontal doku ve alveoler kemik kaybıyla sonuçlanan kronik enflamatuvar hastalıklardır. Periodontal hastalık küresel bir dağılım gösterir ve insanların karşılaştığı en yaygın hastalıklardan birisidir. Periodontal hastalıklarda subgingival biyofilmdeki mikroorganizmalara maruz kalma kronik düşük seviyeli enflamasyona sebep olur. Birçok araştırıcı periodontitisteki enflamasyonun sistemik enflamatuvar yanıtı tetikleyebileceğini göstermişlerdir. C - reaktif protein CRP enfeksiyon ve enflamasyon sırasında plazma düzeyi belirgin bir şekilde artan bundan dolayı da sistemik enflamasyonun belirteci olarak kabul edilen bir akut faz proteinidir. CRP’nin uzun plazma yarı ömrü 12-18 saat sayesinde kolay ölçülebilmesinin yanında enflamatuvar süreçte, periodontal hastalıkların sistemik enflamatuvar yanıta olan etkisinin değerlendirilmesinde ve periodontitisin tedavisinde de önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Fakat bunun daha detaylı anlaşılması için geniş kapsamlı ve uzun süreli çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

C-Reaktif Protein, Enflamasyon, Periodontal Hastalık

Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein and Periodontal Inflammation

Öz

Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases that improving the impact of pathogenic microbial bacteria in dental plaque and its products, resulting the loss of alveolar bone and periodontal tissues. Periodontal disease has a global distribution and is one of the most common diseases to human beings. Exposure to microorganisms in subgingival biofilm in periodontal disease leads to chronic low-level inflammation. Many investigators showed that periodontal inflammation can affect systemic inflammatory response. C- reactive protein CRP is an acute phase protein which plasma levels markedly increased during infection and inflammation. CRP has long plasma half-life 12-18 hours that allows easy measurement as well as it offers important information in the evaluation of the effects of periodontitis to systemic inflammatory response and treatment of periodontal diseases in the inflammatory process. But it is necessarily need extensive and long term studies to be more fully understood

Anahtar Kelimeler

C-Reactive Protein, Inflamattion, Periodontal Disease

Kaynakça

• Oliver RC, Brown LJ, Loe H. Periodontal diseases in the United States population. J Periodontol 1998; 69 (2): 269-78.
• Offenbacher S. Periodontal diseases: pathogenesis. Ann Periodontol 1996; 1(1): 821-78.
• Page RC, Kornman KS The pathogenesis of human periodontitis: an introduction. Periodontol 2000 1997; 14: 9-11.
• Borges I, Moreira EA, Filho DW. et al. Proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with periodontal disease. Mediat Inflam 2007; 2007: 45794
• Tsai IS, Tsai CC, Ho YP. et al. Interleukin-12 and interleukin-16 in periodontal disease. Cytokine 2005; 31(1), 34-40.
• Kinane DF. Periodontitis modified by systemic factors. Ann Periodontol 1999; 4(1), 54-64.
• Mealey BL, Oates TW. American Academy of P. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2006; 77 (8): 1289-303.
• Zhou SY, Duan XQ, Hu R. et al. Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on Serum Levels of TNF-a, IL-6 and C-reactive Protein in Periodontitis Subjects with Stable Coronary Heart Disease. Chin J Dent Res 2013; 16(2): 145-51.
• Kumar S, Shah S, Budhiraja S. et al. The effect of periodontal treatment on C-reactive protein: A clinical study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4(2), 379-82.
• Claus DR, Osmand AP, Gewurz H. Radioimmunoassay of human C-reactive protein and levels in normal sera. J Lab Clin Med 1976; 87(1), 120-8.
• Marnell L, Mold C, Du Clos TW. C-reactive protein: ligands, receptors and role in inflammation. Clin Immunol 2005; 117 (2): 104-11.
• Volanakis JE. Human C-reactive protein: expression, structure, and function. Mol Immunol 2001; 38:189-97.
• Yücel AE. C-Reaktif Protein (CRP) ve Diğer Akut Faz Proteinlerinin Klinik Kullanımı. Türkiye Tıp Dergisi 2004; 11(1): 42-52.
• Glurich I, Grossi S, Albini B. et al. Systemic inflammation in cardiovascular and periodontal disease: comparative study. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002; 9 (2): 425-32.
• Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest 2003; 111(12): 1805-12.
• Du Clos TW. Function of C-reactive protein. Ann Med 2000; 32(4): 274-8.
• Lindhe J, Okamoto H, Yoneyama T. et al. Longitudinal changes in periodontal disease in untreated subjects. J Clin Periodontol 1989; 16(10): 662-70.
• Grossi SG, Zambon JJ, Ho AW. et al. Assessment of risk for periodontal disease. I. Risk indicators for attachment loss. J Periodontol 1994; 65(3): 260-7.
• Kinane DF, Bartold PM. Clinical relevance of the host responses of periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2007; 43: 278-93.
• Golub LM, Ryan ME, Williams RC. Modulation of the host response in the treatment of periodontitis. Dent Today 1998; 17(10): 102-9.
• Hutchinson WL, Koening W, Frohlich M. et al. Immunoradiometric assay of circulating C-reactive protein: Age-related values in adult general population. Clin Chem 2000; 46: 934-8.
• Garcia-Moll X, Zouridakis E, Cole D. et al. C-reactive protein in patients with chronic stable angina: Differences in baseline serum concentration between women and men. Eur Heart J 2000; 21: 1598-606.
• Page RC, Offenbacher S, Schroeder HE. et al. Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: summary of developments, clinical implications and future directions. Periodontol 2000 1997; 14: 216-48.
• Beck JD, Slade G, Offenbacher S. Oral disease, cardiovascular disease and systemic inflammation. Periodontol 2000 2000; 23: 110-20.
• Ebersole JL, Machen RL, Steffen MJ. et al. Systemic acute-phase reactants, C-reactive protein and haptoglobin, in adult periodontitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1997; 107 (2): 347-52.
• Kanaparthy R, Kanaparthy A, Mahendra M. C-reactive protein as a marker of periodontal disease Gen Dent 2012; 60(1):e1-5.
• Pitiphat W, Savetsilp W, Wara-Aswapati N. C-reactive protein associated with periodontitis in a Thai population. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35 (2): 120-5.
• Weidlich P, Cimoes R, Pannuti CM, et al. Association between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases. Braz Oral Res 2008; 22 Suppl 1: 32-43.
• Lockhart PB, Brennan MT, Sasser HC. et al. Bacteremia associated with toothbrushing and dental extraction. Circulation 2008; 117: 3118-25.
• Nakano K, Nemoto H, Nomura R. et al. Detection of oral bacteria in cardiovascular specimens. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2009; 24 (1): 64-8.
• Page RC. The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 1991; 26: 230-42.
• Ranney RR. Immunologic mechanisms of pathogenesis in periodontal diseases: an assessment. J Periodontal Res 1991; 26:243-54.
• Slade GD, Ghezzi EM, Heiss G. et al. Relationship between periodontal disease and C-reactive protein among adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163(10): 1172-9.
• Slade GD, Offenbacher S, Beck JD. et al. Acute-phase inflammatory response to periodontal disease in the US population. J Dent Res 2000; 79 (1): 49-57.
• Dye BA, Choudhary K, Shea S. et al. Serum antibodies to periodontal pathogens and markers of systemic inflammation. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32 (12):1189- 99.
• D'Aiuto F, Parkar M, Andreou G. et al. Periodontitis and atherogenesis: causal association or simple coincidence? J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31 (5): 402-11.
• Ebersole JL, Cappelli D, Mathys EC. et al. Periodontitis in humans and non-human primates: oral-systemic linkage inducing acute phase proteins. Ann Periodontol 2002; 7(1): 102-11.
• Paraskevas S, Huizinga JD, Loos BG. A systematic review and meta-analyses on C-reactive protein in relation to periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35(4): 277-90.
• Demmer RT, Trinquart L, Zuk A. et al. The influence of anti-infective periodontal treatment on C-reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials PLoS One 2013;148(10): e77441.
• D'Aiuto F, Nibali L, Parkar M. et al. Short-term effects of intensive periodontal therapy on serum inflammatory markers and cholesterol. J Dent Res 2005; 84 (3): 269- 73.
• Montebugnoli L, Servidio D, Miaton RA. et al. Periodontal health improves systemic inflammatory and haemostatic status in subjects with coronary heart disease. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32(2): 188-92.
• Kamil W, Al Habashneh R, Khader Y. et al. Effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on C-reactive protein and serum lipids in Jordanian adults with advanced periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46: 616-21.