Elit genç futbolcularda yaralanmalar: Prospektif üç yıllık çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, elit genç futbolunda yaralanma insidansı ve özelliklerini araştırmak ve yaşın yaralanma profili üzerine etkisini değerlendirmekti. Çalışma planı: Çalışmaya katılan 17 Yaş Altı (U-17) Genç Milli Futbol Takımı U-18 ve U-19 takımlarına gelişimleri boyunca takip edildi. Üç yıllık çalışma süresince oyuncuların bireysel olarak antrenman ve maç süreleri ile karşılaşılan yaralanmalar kaydedildi. Bulgular: Yaralanma insidansı maçlarda antrenmandakilere göre beş kat yüksek bulundu. Tıbbi bakım gerektiren ve zaman kaybına neden olan yaralanmalar dikkate alındığında, yaşla birlikte maçlarda artan ve antrenmanlarda azalan yaralanma insidansı gözlendi. Travmatik yaralanmalar maçlarda daha sık görülürken, artan yaş ile ilişkili bulundu. U-17 takımında aşırı kullanım yaralanmaları antrenmanda iki kat daha fazla idi. Travmatik maç yaralanmalarının çoğu (%78.3) zaman kaybına yol açarken, zaman kaybettiren yaralanmaların da daha çok travmatik mekanizma ile oluştuğu görüldü (%62.1). Kas yaralanmalarının çoğunluğu ve bağ yaralanmalarının tümü antrenman sırasında ortaya çıkarken, kontüzyonların çoğu maç sırasında gerçekleşti. Rekürren yaralanma oranı %25 olarak kaydedilirken, bunların tümü aşırı kullanım yaralanmasıydı. Çıkarımlar: Yaralanma insidansı antrenmanlara kıyasla maçlarda daha fazla idi. Yaşla birlikte travmatik nedenli maç yaralanmalarının artış eğiliminde olduğu gözlendi. Bu bulgular, genç futbolunda oyuncu yaşının yaralanma insidansı ve özellikleri üzerinde rol oynayan bir faktör olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genç futbolu; milli takım; yaralanma insidansı.

Injuries in elite youth football players: a prospective three-year study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and nature of injuries and the influence of age on injury patterns in elite youth football.
Methods: Fifty-two players of the Under-17 (U-17) male national youth football team were followed during their progression to U-18 and U-19. Individual player exposure and injuries were recorded during the three year study period.
Results: Injury incidence was five times higher during matches than training. When medical attention and time loss injuries were considered, injury incidence increased during matches and decreased during training with increasing age. Traumatic injuries were more frequent in matches and were linked with increased age. Overuse injuries were two times higher during training than matches in the U-17 team. The majority of traumatic match injuries (78.3%) led to time loss and the majority of time loss injuries occurred due to traumatic mechanism (62.1%). The majority of muscle and entire ligament injuries occurred during training and contusions during competition. Re-injury rate was 25% and were all overuse injuries.
Conclusion: Injury incidences increased during matches and decreased during training. More match injuries were caused by traumatic mechanisms as players aged. Player age might contribute to injury incidence and characteristics in youth football.

Keywords

• Injury incidence
• national team
• youth football

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