EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL DRUGS WITH HONEY BEES: STATUS, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 64 - 71, 31.12.2024

Mahir Murat Cengiz , Mehmet Bektaş , Hayrunnisa Nadaroğlu , Özlem Bariş , Aynur Babagil

Öz

Beekeeping is a field of study that requires considerable attention due to both workload and easy effects from environmental factors. The intensive coexistence in culture and the preference of yield-based breeds increase the frequency of various bee diseases. These diseases and their control can be quite difficult with the effects of climate change. Existing bee diseases can be caused by more than one microorganism group such as parasites, fungi, bacteria and viruses. Although there are various chemicals for the control of microbial diseases, these chemicals can cause problems such as environmental damage or residues in bee products, and even there are completely banned chemicals (OTC etc.). An alternative method of control is the deployment of natural or technological (micro or nano technological) products that are completely harmless or do not leave residues. The application of these products should be done directly in the field and with bee colonies rather than in laboratory conditions. In this case, it is quite easy to apply to honey bees in colonies in hives and it can be practical to get the results. However, environmental conditions (wind, rain, amount of flowers and nectar, etc.) and uncontrolled parameters can produce results far from standard work.

Anahtar Kelimeler

honey bee, beekeeping, bee diseases, technological drugs

Etik Beyan

DERLEME OLDUĞU İÇİN ETİGE GEREK YOKTUR

Kaynakça

• Ahmed, S. (2023). Anthropogenic Threats to Honeybee Ecology: A Review. Journal of Advanced Research in Agriculture Science and Technology, 6(2), 21-43.
• Akyol, E., Özkök, D., 2005. Varroa (Varroa destructor) mücadelesinde organik asitlerin kullanımı. Uludağ Bee J., 5:167-174.
• Bava, R., Castagna, F., Palma, E., Marrelli, M., Conforti, F., Musolino, V., ... & Musella, V. (2023). Essential oils for a sustainable control of honeybee varroosis. Veterinary Sciences, 10(5), 308.
• Cengiz, M. (2012). In honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.), usage of different organics compounds and their effects to colony performance against Varroa destructor infestation. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 18.
• Gamal Eldin, N. K., Ebeid, A. A., Sallam, A. E. R. M., Basuny, N. K., & Elaidy, W. K. (2024). Efficacy of thymol nanoemulsion against Varroa destructor mites infesting Apis mellifera colonies under the stress of abiotic factors in Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 11(1), 626-643.
• Genç, F., Dodoloğlu A. (2017). Arıcılığın Temel Esasları Atatürk Üniv. Zir. Fak. Yayın No:341, Atatürk Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Ofset Tesisi, Erzurum, s 467
• Giacomelli, A., Pietropaoli, M., Carvelli, A., Iacoponi, F., & Formato, G. (2016). Combination of thymol treatment (Apiguard®) and caging the queen technique to fight Varroa destructor. Apidologie, 47(4), 606-616.
• Goodwin, M., Taylor, M., McBrydie, H., Cox, H. 2002. Control of varroa using formic acid, oxalic acid and thymol. Apicultural Research Unit of Ruakura, NZ Booklet, pp.3.
• Gregorc, A., Planinc, I., 2001. Acaricidal effect of oxalic acid in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies. Apidologie 32:333-340.
• Imdorf, A., Charriere, J.D., Bachofen, B., 1997. Efficiency checking of the Varroa jacobsoni control methods by means of oxalic acid, Apiacta, 32:89-91.
• Langstroth, L. L. (2004). Langstroth's hive and the honey-bee: The classic beekeeper's manual. Courier Corporation.
• Lodesani, M., & Costa, C. (2005). Limits of chemotherapy in beekeeping: development of resistance and the problem of residues. Bee World, 86(4), 102-109.
• Malav, K., Kumar, D., & Sharma, K. (2022). A Review on: The Multifaceted World of Honey Bees: Their Role in Ecosystems, Agriculture, and Human Well-Being.
• McGruddy, R., Haywood, J., & Lester, P. J. (2024). Beekeepers Support the Use of RNA Interference (RNAi) to Control Varroa destructor. Insects, 15(7), 539.
• Milani, N., 1999. The resistance of Varroa jacobsoni to acaricides: A short rewiev. Apidologie. 30:229-234.
• Mitton, G. A., Meroi Arcerito, F., Cooley, H., Fernandez de Landa, G., Eguaras, M. J., Ruffinengo, S. R., & Maggi, M. D. (2022). More than sixty years living with Varroa destructor: a review of acaricide resistance. International journal of pest management, 1-18.
• Nanetti, A., 1999. Oxalic acid for mite control results and review. Coordination in Europe of research on integrated control of Varroa mites in honey bee colonies. Commission of the Europan communities, 7-14.
• Paradin, L., Dainese, N., Girardi, B., Damolin, O., Piro, O., Mutinelli, F.A., 2000. A scientific note on longterm stability of a home-made oxalic acid water solution for controlling varroasis. Apidologie. 32(5):451-452.
• Potts, S. G., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V., Ngo, H. T., Aizen, M. A., Biesmeijer, J. C., Breeze, T. D., ... & Vanbergen, A. J. (2016). Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being. Nature, 540(7632), 220-229.
• Qadir, Z. A., Idrees, A., Mahmood, R., Sarwar, G., Bakar, M. A., Ahmad, S., ... & Li, J. (2021). Effectiveness of different soft acaricides against honey bee ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae). Insects, 12(11), 1032.
• Quigley, T. P., Amdam, G. V., & Harwood, G. H. (2019). Honey bees as bioindicators of changing global agricultural landscapes. Current opinion in insect science, 35, 132-137.
• Rossi, F., Amadoro, C., Ruberto, A., & Ricchiuti, L. (2018). Evaluation of quantitative PCR (qPCR) Paenibacillus larvae targeted assays and definition of optimal conditions for its detection/quantification in honey and hive debris. Insects, 9(4), 165.
• Singh, D. (2014). Management of mite pests in honeybee colonies through botanicals. Advances in Plant Biopesticides, 271-277.
• Topal, E., Cıpcıgan, M. C., Tunca, R. İ., Kösoğlu, M., & Mărgăoan, R. (2020). The use of medicinal aromatic plants against bee diseases and pests. Bee Studies, 12(1), 5-11.
• Wehling, M., Von Der Ohe W., Von Der Ohe K., 2003. Natural content of formic and organic acids in honeys. Apiacta, 38, 257.