Farklı 3D Yazıcıların Karşılaştırmalı Analizi: Performans, Özellikler ve Uygulama Uygunluğu

Öz

Üç boyutlu (3B) baskı, hızlı prototipleme, özelleştirme ve uygun maliyetli üretim sağlayarak üretimde devrim yaratmıştır. Büyük formatlı 3B yazıcılar, iyileştirilmiş yapısal bütünlük ve azaltılmış montaj gereksinimleri ile önemli bileşenlerin üretiminde önemli avantajlar sunar. Bu çalışma, yaygın olarak kullanılan dört büyük hacimli 3B yazıcının deneysel karşılaştırmalı analizini sunmaktadır: K1, CR-10SE, Ender-3S1 Pro ve Ender-3V3 SE. Yalnızca teknik özelliklere dayanan önceki çalışmalardan farklı olarak, bu araştırma, baskı hızı (160-600 mm/s), nozul ve ısıtılmış yatak sıcaklığı kapasiteleri (sırasıyla 260-300°C ve 100-110°C), ivme (20.000 mm/s²'ye kadar) ve malzeme uyumluluğu dahil olmak üzere temel parametrelere göre bu yazıcıların gerçek dünya performansını değerlendirmektedir. Ayrıca, kontrollü koşullar altında boyutsal doğruluğu, yüzey pürüzlülüğünü ve toplam baskı süresini değerlendirmek için kıyaslama geometri testleri yürütülmüştür. Sonuçlar, K1 ve CR-10SE modellerinin üstün yüksek hız ve yüksek sıcaklık performansı gösterdiğini ve bu sayede hızlı üretim döngüleri ve çok malzemeli baskı gerektiren endüstriyel uygulamalar için uygun olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna karşılık, Ender-3 serisi uygun fiyat ve işlevsellik arasında bir denge sunarak onları eğitim ve hobi amaçlı kullanım için ideal hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışma, uygulamaya özgü gereksinimlere göre en uygun 3B yazıcıyı seçmek için veri odaklı, deneysel bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Katkı Maddesi Üretimi
• Büyük Yapı Hacmi
• Erimiş Biriktirme Modellemesi
• Baskı Hızı
• Sıcaklık Kapasitesi
• 3D Baskı
• Endüstriyel Prototipleme

Comparative Analysis of different 3D Printers: Performance, Features, and Application Suitability

Öz

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized manufacturing by enabling rapid prototyping, customization, and cost-effective production. Large-format 3D printers offer significant advantages in fabricating sizable components with improved structural integrity and reduced assembly requirements. This study presents an experimental comparative analysis of four widely used large-volume 3D printers: K1, CR-10SE, Ender-3S1 Pro, and Ender-3V3 SE. Unlike previous studies that rely solely on technical specifications, this research evaluates the real-world performance of these printers based on key parameters, including print speed (160-600 mm/s), nozzle and heated bed temperature capacities (260-300°C and 100-110°C, respectively), acceleration (up to 20,000 mm/s²), and material compatibility. Furthermore, benchmark geometry tests were conducted to assess dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, and total print time under controlled conditions. The results indicate that the K1 and CR-10SE models demonstrate superior high-speed and high-temperature performance, making them well-suited for industrial applications requiring rapid production cycles and multi-material printing. In contrast, the Ender-3 series offers a balance between affordability and functionality, making them ideal for educational and hobbyist use. This study provides a data-driven, experimental framework for selecting the most suitable 3D printer based on application-specific requirements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Additive Manufacturing
• Large Build Volume
• Fused Deposition Modeling
• Print Speed
• Temperature Capacity
• 3D Printing
• Industrial Prototyping

Kaynakça

1. 1. E Hozdić. Characterization and comparative analysis of mechanical parameters of FDM-and SLA-Printed ABS materials. Applied Sciences 2024. Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/2/649/pdf.
2. 2. V Romanenko, O Nazarenko. Comparative analysis of modern technologies of additive production. System Research in Energy 2024. Available online: https://systemre.org/index. php/journal/article/download/835/744.
3. 3. A Jandyal, I Chaturvedi, I Wazir, A Raina. 3D printing–A review of processes, materials and applications in industry 4.0. Sustainable Operations 2022. Available online: https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S2666412721000441.
4. 4. HM Alakas, E Yazici, U Ebiri, BA Kizilay. Selection of 3D printing technologies for prosthesis production with multi-criteria decision making methods. International Journal on … 2024. Available online: https://link.springer.com/ content/pdf/10. 1007/s12008-023-01489-0.pdf.
5. 5. A Raj, B Tyagi, A Kapoor, A Parashar. Optimization of Cartesian and polar 3D printer structures using finite element analysis: a comparative study on material selection and design enhancement. Proceedings of the … 2024. Available online: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/ 10.1007/s43538-024-00363-1.pdf.
6. 6. A Kantaros, FIT Petrescu, K Brachos, T Ganetsos. Evaluating benchtop additive manufacturing processes considering latest enhancements in operational factors. Processes 2024. Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/11/2334.
7. 7. IM Alarifi. Revolutionising fabrication advances and applications of 3D printing with composite materials: a review. Virtual and Physical Prototyping 2024. Available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080 /17452759.2024.2390504.
8. 8. IA Timofticiuc, O Călinescu, A Iftime. Biomaterials adapted to VAT photopolymerization in 3D printing: Characteristics and medical applications. Journal of functional … 2023. Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/1/7.

9. 9. AR Sani, A Zolfagharian, AZ Kouzani. Automated defects detection in extrusion 3D printing using YOLO models. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 2024. Available online: https://link.springer. com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10845-024-02543-8.pdf.
10. 10. B Stecuła, J Sitko, K Stecuła, M Witkowski. Comparison of the strength of popular thermoplastic materials used in 3D printing–PLA, ABS and PET-G. Combust … 2024. Available online: https://www.combustion-engines.eu/pdf-189386-116266?filename=Comparison%20of%20the.pdf.
11. 11. N Singh, F Colangelo, I Farina. Sustainable non-conventional concrete 3D printing—a review. Sustainability 2023. Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/13/10121/pdf.
12. 12. RS Saini, V Gurumurthy, SA Quadri, SS Bavabeedu. The flexural strength of 3D-printed provisional restorations fabricated with different resins: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024. Available online: https://link.springer. com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12903-023-03826-x.pdf.
13. 13. A Agrawal, CM Hussain. 3D-printed hydrogel for diverse applications: A review. Gels 2023. Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/12/960.
14. 14. M Yilmaz, NF Yilmaz, A Gungor. Wear and thermal coupled comparative analysis of additively manufactured and machined polymer gears. Wear 2024. Available online: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043164824002904.
15. 15. H Hassan, E Rodriguez-Ubinas, A Al Tamimi. Towards innovative and sustainable buildings: A comprehensive review of 3D printing in construction. Automation in … 2024. Available online: https://www.sciencedirect.com /science/article/pii/S0926580524001535.
16. 16. K Gautam, D Gogoi, TD Kongnyui. A comprehensive review on surface modifications of polymer‐based 3D‐printed structures: Metal coating prospects and challenges. Polymers for … 2024. Available online: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/ 10.1002/pat.6369.
17. 17. SV Kumar, U Reddy, A Nagpal, A Kumar. Towards Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Exploring Ecofriendly Materials for Green 3D Printing. E3S Web of … 2024. Available online: https://www.e3s-conferences.org/ articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/35/e3sconf_icarae2023_01009.pdf.
18. 18. AC Branco, R Colaço, CG Figueiredo-Pina, AP Serro. Recent advances on 3D-printed zirconia-based dental materials: a review. Materials 2023. Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/5/1860/pdf.
19. 19. T Lijnse, M Mendes, W Shu, ED O'Cearbhaill. Low-cost fabrication of digital light processing 3D printed conical microneedles for biomedical applications. Applied Materials Today 2024. Available online: https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S235294072400427X.
20. 20. LT Ciocan, VG Vasilescu, M Pantea, SM Pițuru. The Evaluation of the Trueness of Dental Mastercasts Obtained through Different 3D Printing Technologies. Journal of Functional … 2024. Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/8/210.
21. 21. A Nicolau, MN Baba, C Cerbu, C Cioacă, LM Brenci. Evaluation of 3D-Printed Connectors in Chair Construction: A Comparative Study with Traditional Mortise-and-Tenon Joints. Materials 2025. Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/1/201.
22. 22. G Su, Y Zhang, C Jin, Q Zhang, J Lu, Z Liu. 3D printed zirconia used as dental materials: a critical review. Journal of biological … 2023. Available online: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13036-023-00396-y.pdf.
23. 23. G Prashar, H Vasudev, D Bhuddhi. Additive manufacturing: expanding 3D printing horizon in industry 4.0. International Journal on Interactive … 2023. Available online: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12008-022-00956-4.pdf.
24. 24. S Siddiqui, S Surananai, K Sainath, MZ Khan. Emerging trends in development and application of 3D printed nanocomposite polymers for sustainable environmental solutions. European Polymer … 2023. Available online: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014305723004810.
25. 25. Zurnacı, E. (2023). Optimization of 3D printing parameters to mechanical strength improvement of sustainable printing material using RSM. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 7(1), 38-46.
26. 26. Zurnacı, E., & Özdemir, H. K. (2023). Investigation of the compressive strength, energy absorption properties and deformation modes of the reinforced core cell produced by the FDM method. Gazi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 1-11.