DESIGN SOLUTIONS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CRITERIA OF ADAPTIVE FACADE SYSTEMS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 216 - 239, 31.12.2023

Ahmet Necip Belek , Ruşen Yamaçlı

https://doi.org/10.57165/artgrid.1357657

Cited By: 1

Öz

The designs of the facades, which are the outermost layers of buildings interacting with the environment, are one of the most important today's architectural problems in terms of meeting sustainable design goals such as energy efficiency and creating a comfortable interior. As a result of the inadequacy of traditional façade systems to meet these goals and the search for sustainable solutions in façade designs, the tendency towards façade systems that can be adapted to the environment and users' needs is increasing. Adaptive facades contribute to the energy efficiency of the building and providing optimum comfort conditions in the interior by being adaptable according to the external environmental conditions and user demands thanks to the advanced systems and materials it contains. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the sustainability-based design criteria of adaptive facade systems and to evaluate the design solutions produced to meet these criteria through examples. As a result of the literature review conducted within the scope of the study; Certain design criteria that adaptive facade systems meet with the design solutions its contain have been determined, and these determined criteria have formed the evaluation standards for the adaptive facade examples selected to be analyzed in the study. In this context, a comparative evaluation of sustainability-based design solutions in adaptive facade examples was made separately for each design criterion, and general determinations and inferences were made in the conclusion section of the study, based on the findings obtained as a result of the evaluation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adaptive Facade Design Solutions, Adaptive Facade, Adaptive Facade Systems, Adaptive Facade Design, Adaptive Facade Design Criteria

ADAPTİF CEPHE SİSTEMLERİNİN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR TASARIM KRİTERLERİNE YÖNELİK TASARIM ÇÖZÜMLERİ

Öz

Binaların çevreyle etkileşime girdiği en dış katmanları olan cephelerinin tasarımları, enerji etkinliği ve konforlu bir iç mekan oluşturma gibi sürdürülebilir tasarım hedeflerinin karşılanması açısından günümüzdeki önemli mimarlık problemleri arasında yer almaktadır. Geleneksel cephe sistemlerinin bu hedefleri karşılamadaki yetersizliği ve cephe tasarımlarında sürdürülebilir çözümlerin arayışı sonucu yapı sektöründe, çevreye ve kullanıcıların gereksinimlerine göre uyarlanabilir cephe sistemlerine olan yönelim giderek artmaktadır. Adaptif cepheler, bünyesinde barındırdığı gelişmiş sistemler ve malzemeler sayesinde dış çevre koşullarına ve kullanıcı taleplerine göre uyarlanabilir özellik göstererek iç mekanda optimum konfor koşullarını sağlayıp binanın enerji verimliliğine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, adaptif cephe sistemlerinin barındırdığı sürdürülebilirliğe dayalı tasarım kriterlerini ortaya koymak ve bu kriterleri karşılamaya yönelik üretilmiş tasarım çözümlerini örnekler üzerinden değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında yapılan literatür taraması sonucu; adaptif cephe sistemlerinin içerdiği tasarım çözümleriyle karşıladığı belli tasarım kriterleri tespit edilmiş olup belirlenen bu kriterler, çalışmadaki analiz edilmek üzere seçilen adaptif cephe örneklerinin değerlendirme ölçütlerini oluşturmuştur. Bu bağlamda adaptif cephe örneklerindeki sürdürülebilirliğe dayalı tasarım çözümlerinin her tasarım kriteri için ayrı ayrı olmak üzere karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmesi yapılmış olup değerlendirme sonucunda elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde genel tespit ve çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adaptif Cephe, Adaptif Cephe Sistemleri, Adaptif Cephe Tasarımı, Adaptif Cephe Tasarım Kriterleri, Adaptif Cephe Tasarım Çözümleri

Kaynakça

• Aelenei, L., Aelenei, D., Romano, R., Mazzucchelli, E. S., Brzezicki, M., & Rico-Martínez, J. M. (2018). Case studies - adaptive facade network. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), 1–289. https://re.public.polimi.it/handle/11311/1069633
• Aelenei, D., Aelenei, L., & Vieira, C. (2016). Adaptive façade: concept, applications, research questions. Energy Procedia, 91, 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.06.218
• Ahmed, M., Abel-Rahman, A. K., & Ali, A. (2015). Development of ıntelligent façade based on outdoor environment and ındoor thermal comfort. Procedia Technology, 19, 742–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2015.02.105
• Alkhatib, H., Lemarchand, P., Norton, B., & O’Sullivan, D. (2021). Deployment and control of adaptive building facades for energy generation, thermal insulation, ventilation and daylighting: A review. Applied Thermal Engineering, 185, 116331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116331
• Attia, S., Lioure, R., & Declaude, Q. (2020). Future trends and main concepts of adaptive facade systems. Energy Science & Engineering, 8(9), 3255–3272. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.725
• Aydoğan, Ö. Ç. D., (2018). Ses verileri etkileşimli dinamik adaptif bir cephe önerisi: Sound shield, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul.
• Barozzi, M., Lienhard, J., Zanelli, A., & Monticelli, C. (2016). The sustainability of adaptive envelopes: developments of kinetic architecture. Procedia Engineering, 155, 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.029
• Böke, J., Knaack, U., & Hemmerling, M. (2020). Automated adaptive façade functions in practice - Case studies on office buildings. Automation in Construction, 113, 103113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103113
• Bui, D., Nguyen, T. V., Ghazlan, A., Ngo, N., & Ngo, T. (2020). Enhancing building energy efficiency by adaptive façade: A computational optimization approach. Applied Energy, 265, 114797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114797
• Decker, M., & Zarzycki, A. (2014). Designing resilient buildings with emergent materials. In Fusion-32nd ECAADe Conference. Conference Proceedings 2014, 10-12 September 2014, Vol. 2. (pp. 179-184). Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.179
• Elrayies, G. M. (2018). Microalgae: Prospects for greener future buildings. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 1175–1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.032
• Gallo, P., & Romano, R. (2017). Adaptive Facades, developed with ınnovative nanomaterials, for a sustainable architecture in the mediterranean area. Procedia Engineering, 180, 1274–1283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.289
• Haase, M., & Amato, A. A. (2006). Sustainable façade design for zero energy buildings in the tropics. In Proceedings of The 23rd Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, 6-8 September 2006, Geneva, Switzerland. http://greeninitiatives.cn/img/white_papers/1409044227933Sustainable%20Facade%20Design%20for%20Zero%20Energy%20Buildings%20in%20the%20Tropics.pdf
• Harry, S. (2016). Dynamic adaptive building envelopes – An ınnovative and state-of-the-art technology. Creative Space, 3(2), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.15415/cs.2016.32011
• Hernández-López, I., Xamán, J., Zavala-Guillén, I., Hernández-Pérez, I., Moreno-Bernal, P., & Chávez, Y. (2020). Thermal performance of a solar façade system for building ventilation in the southeast of Mexico. Renewable Energy, 145, 294–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.026
• Hosseini, S. A., Mohammadi, M., Schröder, T., & Guerra-Santin, O. (2021). Bio-inspired interactive kinetic façade: Using dynamic transitory-sensitive area to improve multiple occupants’ visual comfort. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 10(4), 821–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2021.07.004
• Hraška, J. (2018). Adaptive solar shading of buildings. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering, 9(2), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2018.9.2.5
• Juaristi, M., & Monge-Barrio, A. (2016). Adaptive façades in temperate climates. An in-use assessment of an office building. In 11th conference on advanced building skins. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Miren-Juaristi/publication/309564158_Adaptive_facades_in_temperate_climates_An_in-use_assessment_of_an_office_building/links/58176cf208ae90acb2428f6f/Adaptive-facades-in-temperate-climates-An-in-use-assessment-of-an-office-building.pdf
• Kolarevic, B., & Parlac, V. (2015). Building Dynamics: Exploring Architecture of Change. Routledge. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Guensu-Merin-abbas/publication/347490454_archi-talks_3_branko_kolarevic_-building_dynamics_exploring_architecture_of_change_mimarlik_konusmalari_3_branko_kolarevic-yapi_dinamikleri_degisimin_mimarisini_kesfetmek/links/5fddfefba6fdccdcb8dfa24c/archi-talks-3-branko-kolarevic-building-dynamics-exploring-architecture-of-change-mimarlik-konusmalari-3-branko-kolarevic-yapi-dinamikleri-degisimin-mimarisini-kesfetmek.pdf
• Kim, J. J., & Rigdon, B. (1998). Sustainable architecture module: Introduction to sustainable design. National Pollution Prevention Center for Higher Education. Ann Arbor.
• Kim, J. (2015). Adaptive façade design for the daylighting performance in an office building: the investigation of an opening design strategy with cellular automata. International Journal of Low-carbon Technologies, 10(3), 313–320. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctt015
• Kuda, A., & Yadav, M. (2022). Opportunities and challenges of using nanomaterials and nanotechnology in architecture: An overview. Materials Today: Proceedings, 65, 2102–2111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.07.052 Kutluay, P., İnan, T., Ersoy, U., & Başaran, T. Türkiye’den ve dünyadan örnekler ışığında çift cidarlı cephenin gelişimi. 12. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi 8-11 Nisan 2015. (pp. 2249-2263). İzmir. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270684236_TURKIYE'DEN_VE_DUNYADAN_ORNEKLER_ISIGINDA_CIFT_CIDARLI_CEPHENIN_GELISIMI_DEVELOPMENT_OF_DOUBLE_SKIN_FACADES_WITH_SAMPLES_IN_THE_LIGHT_FROM_THE_WORLD_AND_TURKEY
• Loonen, R. R., Rico-Martínez, J. M., Favoino, F., Brzezicki, M., Menezo, C., La Ferla, G., & Aelenei, L. (2015). Design for façade adaptability: Towards a unified and systematic characterization. Design for Façade adaptability–Towards a Unified and Systematic Characterization, 1284–1294. https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/8287122/15_abs_loonen.pdf
• Loonen, R. R., Trcka, M. M., Cóstola, D. D., & Hensen, J. J. (2013). Climate adaptive building shells: State-of-the-art and future challenges. Climate Adaptive Building Shells: State-of-the-art and Future Challenges, 25, 483–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.04.016
• Mohtashami, N., Fuchs, N., Fotopoulou, M., Drosatos, P., Streblow, R., Osterhage, T., & Müller, D. (2022). State of the Art of Technologies in Adaptive Dynamic Building Envelopes (ADBEs). Energies, 15(3), 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030829
• Moloney, J. V. (2006). Between Art and Architecture: The Interactive Skin. In Tenth International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV'06). (pp. 681-686). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iv.2006.28
• Poizaris, H. (2004). Double skin facades for office buildings: literature review. (Report No. EBD-R--04/3). https://www.ebd.lth.se/fileadmin/energi_byggnadsdesign/images/Publikationer/Bok-EBD-R3-G5_alt_2_Harris.pdf
• Romano, R., Aelenei, L., Aelenei, D., & Mazzucchelli, E. S. (2018). What is an adaptive façade? Analysis of Recent Terms and definitions from an international perspective. Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, 6(3), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.7480/jfde.2018.3.2478
• Sedlak, J., & Kalousek, M. (2000). Energy saving solar facade for non-residential buildings for climatic condition in the Czech Republic. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Milos-kalousek/publication/228519643_energy_saving_solar_facade_for_non-residential_buildings_for_climatic_condition_in_the_czech_republic/links/54c2a9a00cf2911c7a499873/energy-saving-solar-facade-for-non-residential-buildings-for-climatic-condition-in-the-czech-republic.pdf
• Semary, Y. M. E., Attalla, H., & Gawad, I. (2017). Modern Mashrabiyas with high-tech daylight responsive systems. ARCHive-SR, 1(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.21625/archive.v1i1.113
• Tabadkani, A., Roetzel, A., Li, H., & Tsangrassoulis, A. (2021). Design approaches and typologies of adaptive facades: A review. Automation in Construction, 121, 103450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103450
• Voigt, M. P., Roth, D., & Kreimeyer, M. (2022). Main characteristics of adaptive façades. Proceedings of the Design Society, 2, 2543–2552. https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.257
• Wilkinson, S., Stoller, P., Ralph, P. J., & Hamdorf, B. (2016). Feasibility of Algae Building Technology in Sydney. University of Technology Sydney, Australia. https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2016-05/apo-nid130056.pdf
• Yitmen, I., Almusaed, A., & Yucelgazi, F. (2021). ANP model for evaluating the performance of adaptive façade systems in complex commercial buildings. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 29(1), 431–455. https://doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2020-0559
• Zakirullin, R. S. (2020). Chromogenic materials in smart windows for angular-selective filtering of solar radiation. Materials Today Energy, 17, 100476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2020.100476
• URL-1: Nicolechiew, V. a. P. B. (2017b, October 30). Arab World Institute – Jean Nouvel. Modern Architecture: a Visual Lexicon. https://visuallexicon.wordpress.com/2017/10/04/arab-world-institute-jean-nouvel/ Erişim Tarihi:
• URL-2: Institut Du Monde Arabe Facade Detail. (2009, October 26). SoFreshSoClean. https://ojmm.wordpress.com/architecture/shelter-construction-details/institut-du-monde-arabe_page_5/
• URL-3: Winstanley, T. (2022). AD Classics: Institut du Monde Arabe / Enrique Jan + Jean Nouvel + Architecture-Studio. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/162101/ad-classics-institut-du-monde-arabe-jean-nouvel
• URL-4: Chalcraft, E., & Chalcraft, E. (2022, March 19). Arup unveils world’s first algae-powered building. Dezeen. https://www.dezeen.com/2013/04/15/arup-unveils-worldsfirst-algae-powered-building/ Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2023
• URL-5: https://pocacito.eu/sites/default/files/BIQhouse_Hamburg.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2023
• URL-6: Produkte Brandschutz, Klimatechnik und Sonnenschutz | Colt. (n.d.). Colt International. http://www.colt-info.de/solarleaf.html Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2023
• URL-7: Solla, I. F. (n.d.). ThyssenKrupp Quarter facades: a giant’s gentle skin. https://facadesconfidential.blogspot.com/2010/12/thyssenkrupp-quarter-facades-giants.html Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2023
• URL-8: Gallery of Q1, ThyssenKrupp Quarter Essen / JSWD Architekten + Chaix & Morel et Associés - 14. (n.d.). ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/326747/q1-thyssenkrupp-quarter-essen-jswd-architekten-chaix-morel-et-associes/510bd63db3fc4ba8260000b8-q1-thyssenkrupp-quarter-essen-jswd-architekten-chaix-morel-et-associes-?next_project=no Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2023
• URL-9: Gerfen, K. (2010, October 6). ThyssenKrupp Quarter. Architect. https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/buildings/thyssenkrupp-quarter_o Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2023
• URL-10: Grozdanic, L. (n.d.). The Media-ICT by Cloud 9 is almost a Net-Zero Building - eVolo | Architecture Magazine. https://www.evolo.us/the-media-ict-by-cloud-9-is-almost-a-net-zero-building/ Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2023
• URL-11: Arkitektuel. (2018, October 31). Media-TIC / Enric Ruiz-Geli (cloud9) - Arkitektuel. Arkitektuel. https://www.arkitektuel.com/media-tic/ Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2023
• URL-12: AV. (n.d.). Media-TIC Building. Cloud 9. https://arquitecturaviva.com/works/media-tic-building Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2023
• URL-13: https://www.abitare.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/PresentacionMEDIA-TIC_web_EN-1.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2023
• URL-14: EUmining - Czech republic. (n.d.). https://eumining.org/country/cz/#4 Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2023