KENTSEL PARADİGMA OLARAK AKILLI KENTLER: SONGDO VE WOVEN AKILLI KENTLERİNE BAKIŞ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 85 - 103, 30.06.2021

Özge Ceylin Yıldırım

Öz

Günümüzde dünya nüfusunun yarısından fazlası kentlerde yaşamakta ve bu oran her geçen gün artmaktadır. Kentler büyüdükçe trafik sıkışıklığı, atık yönetimi, kirlilik, konut problemi, altyapı sıkıntısı, salgın hastalıklar gibi yeni sorunları beraberinde getirmektedir. Kentlerin mevcut ve gelecekteki ihtiyaçlara uyarlanması, yaşam kalitesinin artırılması ve kaynakların sürdürülebilirliği için çeşitli kent tanımlamaları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunların başında bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kentlerde işleyişinin tartışıldığı, akıllı kent kavramı gelmektedir. Bu çalışma, akıllı kentlerin yapımının belirsiz yönlerini araştırarak Foucault, Deleuze ve Lefebvre’nin söylemlerinden yola çıkarak, akıllı kent paradigması ve uygulamasına dair kapsamlı bir eleştiri ve anlayış sağlamaya odaklanmaktadır. Literatürü gözden geçirerek, akıllı kent kavramını çok boyutlu bir kavramsal çerçeve aracılığıyla detaylandırarak, Songdo Akıllı Kenti ile Toyota finansmanında planlanan Woven Akıllı Kenti’nin karşılaştırılmıştır. 20 yıl arayla planlanan; inşa edilmiş ve tasarım aşamasında olan öncü akıllı kent yaklaşımları olarak örnek gösterilen bu iki kent farklı ölçeklere, teknolojik gelişmelerde, ülkelerde ve amaçlarla planlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre akıllı kentler, üç düşünürün 20.yüzyılda ortaya koyduğu söylemlerle artarak kurduğu ilişki dikkat çekerken, 20 yıl içerisinde akıllı kent yaklaşımlarında farklı teknolojik ve yönetimsel yenilikler ortaya konmasına rağmen özne konumundaki kentlinin iktidar ilişkisi, gözleyen-gözlenen bağlamı, salt veri olarak değerlendirilmesi ve kent hakkı kavramı çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bütünsel planlama yaklaşımı ve insan odaklı bakış açıları geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akıllı Kentler, Foucault, Deleuze, Lefebvre, Songdo, Toyota Woven

SMART CITIES AS THE URBAN PARADIGMA: A VIEW OF THE SMART CITIES OF SONGDO AND WOVEN

Öz

Today, more than half of the world's population lives in cities and this rate is increasing day by day. As cities grow, they bring new problems such as traffic congestion, waste management, pollution, housing problems, infrastructure problems, epidemics. Various city definitions are emerging for the adaptation of cities to current and future needs, increasing the quality of life and sustainability of resources. The first of these is the concept of smart city, in which the functioning of information and communication technologies in cities is discussed. This study focuses on providing a comprehensive critique and understanding of the smart city paradigm and practice, based on the discourses of Foucault, Deleuze and Lefebvre, by investigating the uncertain aspects of the construction of smart cities. By reviewing the literature and detailing the concept of smart city through a multidimensional conceptual framework, Songdo Smart City and Woven Smart City planned under Toyota financing are compared. According to the results of the research, while the relationship between smart cities and the discourses of the three thinkers in the 20th century draws attention, although different technological and managerial innovations have been introduced in smart city approaches in 20 years, the power relationship of the city dweller, the observer-observed context, evaluation as pure data and evaluated within the framework of the concept of the right to the city. A holistic planning approach and people-oriented perspectives need to be developed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Smart Cities, Foucault, Deleuze, Lefebvre, Songdo, Toyota Woven

Kaynakça

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