Relationship Between Food Neophobia and Dietary Habits in Turkish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 10 - 17, 12.04.2023

Biriz Çakır Sevinç Eşer Durmaz Fatma Nişancı Kılınç Çiler Özenir Aylin Bayındır Gümüş

https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluder.1240393

Öz

Introduction: Food neophobia (FN) is an issue that can affect the food choices and nutritional status of individuals.
Objective: This study aimed to determine FN levels of adults and to evaluate the nutritional habits and food consumption frequencies according to these levels.
Materials and Methods: The study is cross-sectional and was conducted with 1681 volunteers aged between 20 and 64 years old. The data were obtained by face-to-face interview method using the general characteristics, a food consumption frequency form including 45 types of foods, questions related to eating habits (frequencies of the daily main meal, snack, skipping meal), and the Turkish Form Food Neophobia Scale (T-FNS). Individuals were divided into three groups neophilic, neutral, and neophobic according to their T-FNS scores.
Results: Of the participants, 22.8% (n=384) were neophilic, 53.0% (n=890) were neutral, and 24.2% (n=407) were neophobic. The mean T-FNS scores were found to be statistically significantly different in groups gender (t=3.369, p=0.001), age (t=-3.408, p=0.001), educational status (F=8.699, p<0.001), marital status (t=-5.207, p<0.001), employment status (F=5.991, p<0.001), and presence of disease (t=3.467, p=0.001). Mean consumption of meat, egg, and legumes group in neophilics (176.14±96.58 g/day) compared to neutrals (160.30±96.48 g/day), fresh fruit consumption in neophobics (137.38±124.94 g/day) /day) compared to neutrals (107.51±101.57 g/day) were higher (F=4.018 p=0.018, and F=10.668 p=<0.001, respectively). Consumption of cream cheese, margarine, chocolate, fruit juice, and alcoholic beverages also differed between groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It was concluded that FN may affect nutritional status. However, there is a necessity for large-scale studies investigating the relationship between FN and nutritional status.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Food neophobia, food choice, nutritional status

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank research assistant Merve Ekici for their contributions during the planning phase of the study, the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics’ students for their help in data collection, and participants.

Yetişkinlerin Yeni Besin Korkusu ile Beslenme Alışkanlıkları Arasındaki İlişki: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Giriş: Yeni besin korkusu (YBK), bireylerin besin seçimlerini ve beslenme durumlarını etkileyebilen bir durumdur.
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, yetişkin bireylerin yeni besin korkusu düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve bu düzeylere göre beslenme alışkanlıkları ve besin tüketim sıklıklarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma kesitsel nitelikte olup 20 ile 64 yaş aralığındaki 1681 gönüllü birey ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, katılımcıların genel özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları, 45 besin çeşidini içeren besin tüketim sıklığı formu, beslenme alışkanlıkları ile ilgili sorular (günlük ana öğün yapma, ara öğün yapma ve öğün atlama sıklıkları) ve Yeni Besin Korkusu Ölçeği'nin Türkçe Formu’nu içeren anket formu kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Bireyler, YBK puanlarına göre neofilik, nötr ve neofobik olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların %22,8'i (n=384) neofilik, %53.0'ü (n=890) nötr ve %24,2'si (n=407) neofobik olarak belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyet (t=3,369; p=0,001), yaş (t=-3,408; p=0,001), eğitim durumu (F=8,699
p<0,001), medeni durum (t=5,207; p<0,001), meslek (F=5,991; p<0,001) ve hastalığa sahip olma (t=3,467; p=0,001) durumuna göre belirlenen gruplar arasında ortalama YBK ölçeği puanları istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olarak farklı bulunmuştur. Ortalama et, yumurta, kurubaklagil grubu besin tüketim miktarı neofiliklerde (176,14±96,58 g/gün) nötrlere (160,30±96,48 g/gün), taze meyve tüketimi neofobiklerde (137,38±124,94 g/gün) nötrlere (107,51±101,57 g/gün) kıyasla daha yüksektir (sırası ile F=4,018 p=0,018, F=10,668 p=<0,001). Krem peynir, margarin, çikolata, meyve suyu ve alkollü içecek tüketimleri de gruplar arasında farklılık göstermiştir (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Yeni besin korkusunun beslenme durumunu etkileyebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ancak yeni besin korkusu ile beslenme durumu arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran geniş çaplı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeni besin korkusu, besin tercihi, beslenme durumu

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

• Verger EO, Le Port A, Borderon A, et al. Dietary diversity indicators and their associations with dietary adequacy and health outcomes: A systematic scoping review. Advances in Nutrition. 2021;12(5):1659-1672. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmab009.
• Jaeger S, Rasmussen M, Prescott J. Relationships between food neophobia and food intake and preferences: Findings from a sample of New Zealand adults. Appetite. 2017;116:410-422. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.030.
• Rabadán A, Bernabéu R. A systematic review of studies using the Food Neophobia Scale: Conclusions from thirty years of studies. Food Quality and Preference. 2021;93:104241. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104241.
• Raudenbush B, Capiola A. Physiological responses of food neophobics and food neophilics to food and non-food stimuli. Appetite. 2012;58(3):1106-1108. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.02.042.
• Flight I, Leppard P, Cox DN. Food neophobia and associations with cultural diversity and socio-economic status amongst rural and urban Australian adolescents. Appetite. 2003;41(1):51-59. doi: 10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00039-4.
• Knaapila A, Tuorila H, Silventoinen K, et al. Food neophobia shows heritable variation in humans. Physiology & Behavior. 2007;91(5):573-578. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.03.019.
• Knaapila A, Silventoinen K, Broms U, et al. Food neophobia in young adults: genetic architecture and relation to personality, pleasantness and use frequency of foods, and body mass index—a twin study. Behavior Genetics. 2011;41(4):512-521. doi: 10.1007/s10519-010-9403-8.
• Knaapila AJ, Sandell MA, Vaarno J, et al. Food neophobia associates with lower dietary quality and higher BMI in Finnish adults. Public Health Nutrition. 2015;18(12):2161-2171. doi: 10.1017/S1368980014003024.
• Edwards J, Hartwell H, Brown L. Changes in food neophobia and dietary habits of international students. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 2010;23(3):301-311. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01066.x.
• Cooke L, Carnell S, Wardle J. Food neophobia and mealtime food consumption in 4–5 year old children. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2006;3(1):1-6. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-3-14.
• Cooke L, Wardle J, Gibson E. Relationship between parental report of food neophobia and everyday food consumption in 2–6-year-old children. Appetite. 2003;41(2):205-206. doi: 10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00048-5.
• Nicholls D, Christie D, Randall L, et al. Selective eating: symptom, disorder or normal variant. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2001;6(2):257-270. doi: 10.1177/1359104501006002007.
• Nordin S, Broman DA, Garvill J, et al. Gender differences in factors affecting rejection of food in healthy young Swedish adults. Appetite. 2004;43(3):295-301. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2004.07.002.
• Siegrist M, Hartmann C, Keller C. Antecedents of food neophobia and its association with eating behavior and food choices. Food Quality and Preference. 2013;30(2):293-298. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2013.06.013.
• Pliner P, Hobden K. Development of a scale to measure the trait of food neophobia in humans. Appetite. 1992;19(2):105-120. doi: 10.1016/0195-6663(92)90014-W.
• Uçar EM, Gümüş D, Karabulut E, et al. Adaptation of the Food Neophobia Scale to Turkish and Determination of Appropriate Factor Structure. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences. 2021;6(3):393-400. doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-76664.
• Karaağaç Y, Bellikci-Koyu E. A narrative review on food neophobia throughout the lifespan: relationships with dietary behaviours and interventions to reduce it. British Journal of Nutrition. 2022; Nov 17(online ahead of print):1-34. doi: 10.1017/S0007114522003713.
• Hoş K, Çiftçi EZ. Lifestyle of Consumers and Food Neophobia Tendency. Journal of Turkish Tourism Research. 2022;6(1):139-162. doi: 10.26677/TR1010.2022.945.
• Idowu‐Adebayo F, Fogliano V, Oluwamukomi MO, et al. Food neophobia among Nigerian consumers: a study on attitudes towards novel turmeric‐fortified drinks. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2021;101(8):3246-3256. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10954.
• Gümüş D, Topal GG, Sevim S, et al. Examination of Perceived Stress, Food Neophobia and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence of Defense Industry Workers. Manisa Celal Bayar University Journal of Institute of Health Science. 2022;9(1):50-57. doi: 10.34087/cbusbed.954441.
• Meiselman HL, King S, Gillette M. The demographics of neophobia in a large commercial US sample. Food Quality and Preference. 2010;21(7):893-897. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2010.05.009.
• Hazley D, Stack M, Walton J, et al. Food neophobia across the life course: Pooling data from five national cross-sectional surveys in Ireland. Appetite. 2022;171:105941. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105941.
• Van den Heuvel E, Newbury A, Appleton KM. The psychology of nutrition with advancing age: Focus on food neophobia. Nutrients. 2019;11(1):151. doi: 10.3390/nu11010151.
• Schickenberg B, Van Assema P, Brug J, et al. Are the Dutch acquainted with and willing to try healthful food products? The role of food neophobia. Public Health Nutrition. 2008;11(5):493-500. doi: 10.1017/S1368980007000778.
• Platta A, Pukszta T. Elderly people‘s perception of new and convenience foods with health benefits. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agrobusiness Economists. 2019;21(2):235-245. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.2228.
• Torres TdO, Gomes DR, Mattos MP. Factors associated with food neophobia in children: Systematic review. Revista Paulista de Pediatria. 2020;6(39):e2020089. doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2020089.
• Predieri S, Sinesio F, Monteleone E, et al. Gender, age, geographical area, food neophobia and their relationships with the adherence to the Mediterranean diet: new insights from a large population cross-sectional study. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1778. doi: 10.3390/nu12061778.
• Jezewska-Zychowicz M, Plichta M, Drywień ME, et al. Food neophobia among adults: Differences in dietary patterns, food choice motives, and food labels reading in Poles. Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1590. doi: 10.3390/nu13051590.
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi TÜBER 2022. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2022.
• World Health Organization. Healthy Diet. 2020. Date: 01.12.2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet
• Çınar Ç, Karinen AK, Tybur JM. The multidimensional nature of food neophobia. Appetite. 2021; 162: 105177. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105177.
• Costa A, Silva C, Oliveira A. Food neophobia and its association with food preferences and dietary intake of adults. Nutrition & Dietetics. 2020;77(5):542-549. doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12587.
• Proserpio C, Laureati M, Bertoli S, et al. Determinants of obesity in Italian adults: the role of taste sensitivity, food liking, and food neophobia. Chemical Senses. 2016;41(2):169-176. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjv072.