Kurşun ile kontamine edilen Achroia grisella Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvalarının protein, lipit ve karbohidrat kompozisyonundaki değişiklikler

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kurşunun Achroia grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvalarının protein, lipit ve karbohidrat miktarlarına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Larvalar farklı konsantrasyonlarda kurşun (50, 100 ve 200 mg/kg besin) ile kontamine edilen yapay bir besin ortamında yetiştirilmiştir. Kültür hazırlama ve tüm deneyler 16A:8K fotoperiyot, 25 ± 2 °C sıcaklık, %60 ± 5 bağıl nem içeren bir ortamda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Biyokimyasal analizlerde son evre A. grisella larvaları kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, kurşun uygulamasının 50 ve 200 mg/kg kurşun konsantrasyonlarında larvaların protein miktarında önemli bir azalmaya neden olduğunu göstermiştir. Larvaların karbohidrat ve lipit miktarları 100 ve 200 mg/kg kurşun konsantrasyonlarında kontrol grubuna göre önemli ölçüde düşmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Achroia grisella
• Protein
• Karbohidrat
• Kurşun
• Lipit

Changes in the protein, lipid and carbohydrate composition of Achroia grisella Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae contaminated with lead

Öz

In this study, the impact of lead on protein, lipid and carbohydrate amounts of Achroia grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae was investigated. Larvae were maintained on an artificial diet contaminated with different concentrations of lead (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg diet). Culturing and all experiments were carried out in a room with a 16L:8D photoperiod, at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C and 60 ± 5% relative humidity conditions. Last instar A. grisella larvae were used for the biochemical analysis. The obtained data showed that lead application resulted in a considerable decrease in the protein amount of the larvae at 50 and 200 mg/kg lead concentrations. Carbohydrate and lipid amounts of larvae declined significantly at 100 and 200 mg/kg lead concentrations with respect to the control group.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Achroia grisella
• Protein
• Carbohydrate
• Lead
• Lipid

Kaynakça

1. Baghban A, Sendi JJ, Zibaee A, Khosravi, R (2014) Effect of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) on feeding indices and energy reserves of the cotton boll worm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Plant Prot Res, 54:368-371
2. Bischof C (1995) Effects of heavy metal stress on carbohydrate and lipid concentrations in the haemolymph and total body tissue of parasitized Lymantria dispar L. Larvae (Lepidoptera). Comp Biochem Physiol C: Pharmacol Toxicol and Endocrinol 112:87-92
3. Borowska J, Sulima B, Niklinska M. Pyza E (2004) Heavy metal accumulation and its effects on development, survival and immuna-competent cells of the housefly Musca domestica from closed laboratory populations as model organism. Fresenius Environ Bull 13:1402-1409
4. Bream AS (2003) Laboratory evaluation of heavy metals stress on certain biochemical parameters of the aquatic insect, Sphaerodema urinator Duf. (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae). Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 68(4):291-297
5. Bronskill JK (1961) A cage to simplify the rearing of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Pyralidae). J Lepid Soc 15:102-104
6. Cohn J, Widzowski DV, Cory-Slechta DA (1992) Lead retards development of Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol 102C (1):45-49
7. Du C, Wu J, Bashir MH, Shaukat M, Ali S (2019) Heavy metals transported through a multi-trophic food chain influence the energy metabolism and immune responses of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri. Ecotoxicology 28:422–428
8. El-Sheikh TMY, Fouda MA, Hassan MI, Abd-Elghaphar AA and Hasaballah AI (2010) Toxicological effects of some heavy metal ions on Culex pipiens L.(Diptera:Culicidae). Egypt Acad J Biol Sci 1:63-76

9. George SG (1982) Subcellular accumulation and detoxification of metals in aquatic animals. In:Vernberg, WB, Calabrese, A, Thurberg, FP.Vernberg, FJ (Eds.), Physiological Mechanisms of Marine Pollutant Toxicity. Academic Press, 3-52, New York
10. Gündüz NEA, Mercan S, Özcan Ö (2020) Effect of cadmium and lead on total hemocyte count of Achroia grisella Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 10:190-194
11. Hassan MI, Fouda MA, El-Sheikh TMY, Abd-Elghaphar, AA and Hasaballah A I (2011) Electrophoretic study of ovarian protein and amino acid in the mosquito Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Clucidae) as influenced by some heavy metal ions. Egypt J Biomed Sci 36:1-14
12. Kayış T ve Emre İ (2012) Ağır metal stresinin Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptrea: Ichneumonidae)’nin protein ve glikojen sentezine etkileri. Ekoloji 21:61-67
13. Kazimirova M, Slovak M, Manova A (1997) Host-parasitoid relationship of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Coptera occidentalis (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea: Diapriidae) under host heavy metal stres. Eur J Entomol 94:409-420
14. Lee JC, Heimpel GE and Leibee GL (2004) Comparing floral nectar and aphid honeydew diets on the longevity and nutrient levels of a parasitoid wasp. Entomol Exp Appl 111:189-199
15. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL and Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the folin-phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265-275
16. Mirčić D, Janković-Tomanıć M, Nenadović V, Franeta F and Lazarević J (2010) The effect of cadmium on the life history traits of Lymantria dispar L. Arch Biol Sci Belgrade, 62:1013-1020
17. Norton KB, Kench JE (1977) Effects of cadmium on ribosomal protein synthesis in rat liver. Environ Res 13:102-110
18. Olson DM, Fadamiro H, Lundgren JG, Heimpel GE (2000) Effects of sugar feeding on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a parasitoid wasp. Physiol Entomol, 25:17-26
19. Ortel J (1991) Effects of lead and cadmium on chemical composition and total water content of the pupal parasitoid, Pimpla turionellae. Entomol Exp Appl 59:93-100
20. Ortel J (1995) Effects of metals on the total lipid content in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, Lymantriidae, Lepid.) and its hemolymph. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 55:216-221
21. Raina MR, Pawar P, Sharma, N (2001) Developmental inhibition and reproductive potential impairment in Musca domestica L. by heavy metals. Indian J Exp Biol 39:78-81
22. Sak O, Uçkan F and Ergin, E (2006) Effects of cypermethrin on total body weight, glycogen,protein and lipid contents of Pimpla turionella (L.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Belg J Zool 136:53-58
23. Sancho E, Ferrando D, Frenandez C and Andreu, E (1998) Liver energy metabolism of Anguilla anguilla after exposure of fenitrothion. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 41:168-175
24. Shakunthala V, Shalini HK (2018) Combined effect of heavy metals on longevity of Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Sci Res 7:1315-1318
25. Shin BS, Choi RN and Lee C-U (2001) Effects of cadmium on total lipid content and fatty acids of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Korean J Ecol, 24:349-352
26. Singh D and Bhupinderjit KH (2017) Effect of cadmium chloride on the development of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and its importance to postmortem interval estimate. J Forensic Sci & Criminal Inves, 3:1-6
27. Spring JH, Matthews JR and Downer, RGH (1977) Fate of glucose in the haemolymph of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. J Insect Physiol 23:525-529 Suganya M, Karthi S and Shivakumar MS (2015) Effect of cadmium and lead exposure on tissue specific antioxidant response in Spodoptera litura. Free Rad Antiox 6:90-100
28. Van Handel E (1985a) Rapid determination of glycogen and sugars in mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1:299-301
29. Van Handel E (1985b) Rapid determination of total lipids in mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1:302-304
30. Viarengo A (1985) Biochemical effects of trace metals. Mar Pollut Bull 16:153-58
31. Wu G, Ye G, Hu C and Cheng J (2006) Accumulation of cadmium and its effects on growth, development and hemolymph biochemical compositions in Boettcherisca peregrina larvae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Insect Sci 13: 1-39
32. Yılmaz Y, Gündüz NEA (2021) Kadmiyumun küçük balmumu güvesi larvalarında protein, lipit ve karbohidrat miktarları ile etkileşimi. Anadolu Tarım Bilim Derg 36:326-333