Impact of forest management activities on soil fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in Karacabey forested wetland ecosystems

Öz

Impacts of forest management activities on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes were studied from May to September in Karacabey forested wetlands. To understand the main factors that affect CO2 and CH4 fluxes, a field study was carried out in both managed and natural stands of alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and ash tree (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) stands at c and d development stages. The static (soda lime) and dynamic (LI-8100A, LI-COR) methods were used to measure CO2 fluxes. The surface flux of CH4 was measured by using closed static chamber method. Stand characteristics and soil properties were also determined. A portable electronic penetrometer was used to measure soil penetrometer resistance (SPR) in the study sites. The results showed that the soils in the managed sites were compacted, as indicated by higher bulk density and SPR. Soil CO2 flux was higher in the managed stands. In natural stands, CO2 fluxes ranged from 1.298 to 1.723 g C m-2 d-1 for ash tree, and from 1.011 to 1.368 g C m-2 d-1 for alder, while in the managed stands, they ranged from 1.658 to 2.687 g C m-2 d-1 for ash tree, and from 1.112 ile 1.987 g C m-2 d-1 for alder. In contrast to CO2, soil CH4 flux was lower in the managed stands. In natural stands, CH4 fluxes varied from 0.198 to 0.726 mg C m-2 h-1 for ash tree, and from 0.124 to 0.511 mg C m-2 h-1 for alder, while in the managed stands, they varied from 0.054 to 0.278 mg C m-2 h-1 for ash tree, and from 0.022 to 0.197 mg C m-2 h-1 for alder.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soil respiration
• Fraxinus angustifolia
• Alnus glutinosa
• Soil compaction
• Methane

Karacabey subasar orman ekosistemlerinde ormancılık faaliyetlerinin toprak CO2 ve CH4 salınımına etkisi

Öz

Karacabey subasar ormanlarında, ormancılık faaliyetlerinin toprak karbondioksit (CO2) ve metan (CH4) gazı salınımına etkisi, mayıs ve eylül ayları arasında gerçekleştirilen ölçümlerle belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Toprak CO2 ve CH4 salınım miktarı ve salınımına etkisi olan temel faktörleri ortaya koymak amaçlı, arazi çalışmaları, ormancılık faaliyetlerinin yapıldığı ve yapılmadığı doğal kızılağaç (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) ve dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) meşcerelerinin c ve d gelişme çağlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toprak CO2 salınımı statik (soda kireç) yöntem kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ek olarak, çalışmanın başında (mayıs) ve sonunda (eylül) dinamik yöntemle (LI-8100A, LI-COR ölçüm cihazıyla) CO2 salınım ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toprak CH4 salınımı ise statik yöntemle (closed static chamber method) ölçülmüştür. Çalışma alanlarının meşcere ve toprak özellikleri yanında toprak penetrasyon direnci (TPD) taşınabilir elektronik penetrometre yardımıyla belirlenmiştir. Ormancılık faaliyetlerinin gerçekleştiği topraklarda belirlenen yüksek hacim ağırlığı ve TPD değerleri, alanların sıkışmaya maruz kaldığını göstermiştir. Toprak CO2 salınımı ormancılık faaliyetlerinin olduğu alanlarda daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Doğal alanlarda, CO2 salınımı dişbudak için 1.298 ile 1.723 g C m-2 g-1, kızılağaç için 1.011 ile 1.368 g C m-2 g-1, arasında değişirken, üretim alanlarında bu değerler dişbudak için 1.658 ile 2.687 g C m-2 g-1, kızılağaç için 1.112 ile 1.987 g C m-2 g-1, arasında belirlenmiştir. Toprak CH4 salınımı, tezat olarak, doğal alanlarda daha yüksek tespit edilmiştir. Doğal alanlarda, CH4 salınım değerleri dişbudak için 0.198 ile 0.726 mg C m-2 h-1, kızılağaç için 0.124 ile 0.511 mg C m-2 h-1, arasında değişirken, üretim alanlarında bu değerler dişbudak için 0.054 ile 0.278 mg C m-2 h-1, kızılağaç için 0.022 ile 0.197 mg C m-2 h-1, arasında belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toprak solunumu
• Fraxinus angustifolia
• Alnus glutinosa
• Toprak sıkışması
• Metan

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