Biyoliflendirme işleminde farklı beyaz çürüklük mantarlarının ve inkübasyon sürelerinin odunun kimyasal bileşimi üzerine etkisi

Öz

Kâğıt hamuru üretiminde yüksek enerji ve kimyasal madde tüketimi gibi olumsuz etkilerin bertaraf edilmesi amacıyla son yıllarda geliştirilen alternatif yöntemlerden birisi de biyoteknolojik uygulamaların bu sektörde kullanılmaya başlanmış olmasıdır. Bu yöntemde odun yongaları beyaz çürüklük mantarları ile muamele edilmekte ve böylece ligninin ön delignifikasyonu sağlanarak daha çevreci bir yöntemle kâğıt hamuru üretimi gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Biyolojik kâğıt hamuru üretimi (biyoliflendirme-biopulping) adı verilen bu alternatif modifiye yöntem sayesinde odunda bulunan ligninin bir kısmı beyaz çürüklük mantarlarının biyolojik degradasyonuyla yapıdan uzaklaştırılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda beyaz çürüklük mantarlarından aktif delignifikasyon etkisine sahip Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus ve Ceriporiopsis subvermispora mantarları ile karaçam yongaları aşılanmak suretiyle biyolojik ön uygulama gerçekleştirilerek, biyolojik modifikasyon işlemlerinin odunun kimyasal bileşimi üzerindeki etkisi özellikle ligninin delignifikasyonu dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Mantar muamelesi sonrasında en hızlı ağırlık ve lignin kaybının 4. hafta sonunda gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. İnkübasyon süresine bağlı olarak mantar muamelesi sonrasında odundaki diğer bileşenlerin azalmasına bağlı olarak holoselüloz miktarları oransal olarak artış göstermiştir. Optimum inkübasyon süresinin belirlenmesi noktasında odunun kimyasal bileşimi üzerinde yapılan çalışmalara bağlı olarak P. chrysosporium için 4 hafta; P. ostreatus ve C. subvermispora için ise 6 haftalık inkübasyon sürelerinin optimum olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoliflendirme
• beyaz çürüklük mantarı
• lignin
• inkübasyon süresi

Effect of different white rot fungi and incubation period on the chemical composition of wood in the biopulping process

Öz

One of the alternative methods developed in recent years to eliminate the negative effects such as high energy and chemical consumption in pulp production is the use of biotechnological applications in this sector. In this method, wood chips are treated with white rot fungi and thus, preliminary delignification of lignin can be achieved and pulp production can be achieved in a more environmentally friendly way. Thanks to this alternative modified method called biological pulp production (biopulping), some of the lignin in the wood is removed from the structure by biological degradation of white rot fungi. In our study, biological pre-treatment was carried out by inoculating black pine chips with the Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora fungi, which have an active delignification effect from white rot fungi, and the effect of biological modification processes on the chemical composition of wood was evaluated, especially considering lignin delignification. Although there was a decreasing increase in weight loss depending on the incubation period, it was determined that the fastest weight loss occurred at the end of the 4th week. The fastest lignin loss was observed at the end of the 4th week. The fastest increase in the holocellulose ratio occurred after the 2nd week, and this increase continued with a decreasing acceleration until the 8th week, depending on the incubation period. As a result of studies on the chemical composition of wood depending on different incubation periods, 4 weeks for P. chrysosporium and 6 weeks for P. ostreatus and C. subvermispora were determined to be optimum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biopulping
• White rot fungi
• Lignin
• Incubation time

Kaynakça

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