Oksalik asit ve hidrojen peroksit ile işlem görmüş ovangkol (Guibourtia ehie (a.chev.) j.léonard) odununun optik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Bir egzotik ağaç türü olan ovangkol odunu başta mobilya sektörü olmak üzere ahşap işleyen endüstri alanlarında değerli bir tür olma yolundadır. Ağartma işlemleri ile ahşabın rengi değişmektedir. Bu araştırmada, ovangkol (Guibourtia ehie (A.Chev.) J.Léonard) odununun yüzeylerinde 2 farklı ağartma kimyasallarının [oksalik asit (C2H2O4) ve hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) + sodyum hidroksit (NaOH)] uygulanması ile bazı yüzey özelliklerindeki [beyazlık indeksi (WI*), parlaklık ve renk parametreleri (ışıklılık (L*), kırmızı (a*) renk tonu, sarı (b*) renk tonu, kroma (C*) değeri ve ton açısı (ho)] meydana gelen değişimler araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, C2H2O4 kimyasalı ile WI* ║ yönde ve bütün renk parametrelerinde artışlar tespit edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, NaOH + H2O2 çözeltisi ile L* ve ho değerlerinde artışlar elde edilirken, a*, C* ve b* parametrelerinde azalışlar görülmüştür. C2H2O4 kimyasalı kullanıldığında ∆E* değeri 4.25 olarak kaydedilirken, H2O2 + NaOH içeren çözeltilerle yapılan işlemler sonucunda ∆E* değeri 13.14 olarak belirlenmiştir. Her iki kimyasalda da ∆L* değerlerinde pozitif değişimler gözlemlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, C2H2O4 kimyasalıyla ∆a*, ∆b* ve ∆C* değerlerinin pozitif olduğu görülürken, NaOH + H2O2 çözeltisi kullanıldığında bu değerlerin negatif olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Her iki ağartma maddesinin ahşap yüzeylerine uygulanması ile parlaklık değerleri, liflere paralel veya dik yönde tespit edilmiş olmasına bağlı olmaksızın, hem 60° hem de 85 ° de azalmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Guibourtia ehie
• renk
• ağartma
• beyazlık indeksi
• parlaklık

Determination of optical properties of ovangkol (Guibourtia ehie (a.chev.) j.léonard) wood treated with oxalic acid and hydrogen peroxide

Öz

Ovangkol wood, an exotic wood species, is becoming valuable in the woodworking industries, particularly in the furniture sector. Bleaching treatments alter the color of the wood. In this study, changes in certain surface properties [whiteness index (WI*), glossiness, and color parameters (lightness (L*), red color (a*) tone, yellow color (b*) tone, chroma (C*), and hue angle (ho))] were investigated by applying two different bleaching chemicals [oxalic acid (C2H2O4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) + sodium hydroxide (NaOH)] on ovangkol (Guibourtia ehie (A.Chev.) J.Léonard) wood surfaces. According to the results, increases in WI* in the parallel direction and all color parameters were observed with the C2H2O4 chemical. Additionally, with the NaOH + H2O2 solution, increases in L* and ho values were achieved, while decreases in a*, C*, and b* parameters were observed. When using the C2H2O4 chemical, the ∆E* value was recorded as 4.25, whereas it was determined as 13.14 for treatments with solutions containing H2O2 + NaOH. Positive changes in ∆L* values were observed with both chemicals. However, positive ∆a*, ∆b*, and ∆C* values were observed with the C2H2O4 chemical, while these values were negative with the NaOH + H2O2 solution. The glossiness values decreased at both 60° and 85° angles regardless of whether the bleaching agents were applied parallel or perpendicular to the wood fibers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Guibourtia ehie
• color
• bleaching
• whiteness index
• glossiness

Kaynakça

1. Alshaaer M (2000) Stabilization of kaolinitic soil from Jordan for construction purposes. Vrije Universiteit Brussels Master’s Thesis, Belgium.
2. Anonymous (2017) Resene pro-select technical information, timber colour change, colour change in timber floors after installation. www.resene.com/proselect 11/2017.
3. ASTM D2244-3 (2007) Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
4. ASTM E313-15e1 (2015) Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured color coordinates. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
5. Ayata Ü, Bal BC (2023) Effect of application of various bleaching chemicals on some surface properties of ilomba (Pycnanthus angolensis Exell) wood. EU 2nd International Conference on Health, Engineering and Applied Sciences, August 4-6, 2023, Belgrade, pp: 95-105.
6. Ayata Ü, Bal BC (2024) Basralocus (Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff) wood bleaching applications. Avrasya 10th International Conference on Applied Sciences May 2-5, 2024 Tbilisi, pp: 133-142.
7. Ayata Ü, Çamlıbel O (2023) A study on the application of bleaching treatment on Satinwood ceylon (Chloroxylon swietenia DC) wood used indoors and outdoors. The Journal of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 14(2): 273-281.
8. Ayata Ü, Kaplan Ş, Çamlıbel O, Bilginer EH (2024a) Bleaching Applications on Amazon Rosewood (Dalbergia spruceana Benth.) Wood. Journal of Green Technology and Environment, 2(1): 21-28.

9. Ayata Ü, Çamlıbel O, Bilginer EH (2024b) Investigation of some surface changes occurring after bleaching treatment on ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum) wood. Wood Industry and Engineering, 6(1): 1-8.
10. Çamlıbel O, Ayata Ü (2023a) The bleaching application on linden wood (Tilia tomentosa - Moench.). Fareast 2nd International Conference on Applied Sciences, October 20-22, 2023, Manila, pp: 107-116.
11. Çamlıbel O, Ayata Ü (2023b) Application of wood bleaching chemicals on ekop wood (Tetraberlinia bifoliolata Haum.). Fareast 2nd International Conference on Applied Sciences, October 20-22, 2023, Manila, pp: 125-135.
12. Çamlıbel O, Ayata Ü (2024a) The effects of bleaching chemicals on some surface properties of okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana Pierre) wood. Latin America 8th International Conference on Scientific Researches, May 1-5, 2024, Havana, Cuba.
13. Çamlıbel O, Ayata Ü (2024b) Testing of bleaching on Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa Hemsl.,) wood. ArtGRID - Journal of Architecture Engineering and Fine Arts, 6(1): 80-95.
14. DIN 5033 (1979) Deutsche Normen, Farbmessung. Normenausschuß Farbe (FNF) im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung eV, Beuth, Berlin März.
15. DIN 6174 (1979) Colorimetric evaluation of colour differences of surface colours according to the CIELAB formula.
16. Farr JP, Smith WL, Steichen DS (2003) Bleaching agents. Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4: 43-81.
17. Hauptmann M, Pleschberger H, Mai C, Follrich J, Hansmann C (2012) The potential of color measurements with the CIEDE2000 equation in wood science. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70: 415-420.
18. Hawthorne WD (1995) Ecological profiles of Ghanaian forest trees. Oxford Forestry Institute, Oxford, pp: 345.
19. Herstedt L, Herstedt M (2017) Chemical bleaching of wood: an investigation into the bleaching of mahogany, walnut, rosewood, padauk, and purpleheart. Studies in Conservation, 62(3): 162-172.
20. ISO 2813 (1994) Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
21. ISO 554 (1976) Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and/or Testing - Specifications, International Organization for Standardization.
22. Jiao C, Xiong J (2014) Accessibility and morphology of cellulose fibres treated with sodium hydroxide. BioResources, 9(4): 6504-6513.
23. Kristiansson L (2012) Chemical bleaching of wood and its aging: An investigation of mahogany, walnut, rosewood, padauk and purpleheart. Bachelor thesis presented June 1, 2012 for bachelor degree in Furniture Conservation from Carl Malmsten – Furniture Studies, Linköping University.
24. Kurtoğlu A (2000) Ağaç malzeme yüzey işlemleri. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi, İstanbul.
25. Lange DR (1999) Fundamentals of colourimetry - application report no. 10e. DR Lange: New York, NY, USA.
26. Lindholm C, Jäkärä J, Mårtens H (2009) Bleaching of mechanical pulps. In Mechanical Pulping (pp. 360-398). Helsinki, Finland: Paper Engineers’ Association.
27. Liu Y, Guo H, Gao J, Zhang F, Shao L, Via BK (2015) Effect of bleach pretreatment on surface discoloration of dyed wood veneer exposed to artificial light irradiation. BioResources, 10(3): 5607-5619.
28. Lu D, Xiong, X, Lu G, Gui C, Pang X (2023) Effects of NaOH/H2O2/Na2SiO3 bleaching pretreatment method on wood dyeing properties. Coatings, 13(2): 233.
29. Olaniyan OS (2008) Stabilization of kaolinitc soil from Nigeria for construction purposes. Unpublished Soil Stabilization Practical Exercise, Vrije Universiteit Brussels.
30. Olaniyan OS, Olaoye RA, Okeyinka OM, Olaniyan DB (2011) Soil stabilization techniques using sodium hydroxide additives.
31. International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 11(6): 9-22.
32. Peker H (2023a) Canelo (Drimys winteri J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) ahşabında ağartma uygulamaları. ICAFVP 3. Uluslararası Tarım, Gıda, Veteriner Ve Eczacılık Bilimleri Kongresi, 10-12 Kasım 2023, Beyrut, Lübnan, pp: 165-174.
33. Peker H (2023b) Lotofa (Sterculia rhinopetala) odununda tek ve çift bileşenli ağartıcılarının uygulanması. ICAFVP 3. Uluslararası Tarım, Gıda, Veteriner Ve Eczacılık Bilimleri Kongresi, 10-12 Kasım 2023, Beyrut, Lübnan, pp: 173-182.
34. Peker H, Ayata Ü (2023) Effects of bleaching chemicals on some surface characteristics of olon (Zanthoxylum heitzii) wood. Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal, 6(2): 210-218.
35. Peker H, Bilginer EH, Ayata Ü, Çamlıbel O, Gürleyen L (2023a) The application of bleaching chemicals (oxalic acid and hydrogen peroxide + sodium hydroxide) on bulletwood (Manilkara bidentata (A.DC.) A. Chev.) wood. Sivas Cumhuriyet University Journal of Engineering Faculty, 1(2): 48-54.
36. Peker H, Bilginer EH, Ayata Ü, Çamlıbel O (2023b) A research on the application of single and double-component wood bleaching chemicals on movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus Baillon) wood used in the furniture industry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University. Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2): 73-79.
37. Peker H, Bilginer EH, Ayata Ü, Gürleyen L, Çamlıbel O (2023c) The application of different wood bleaching chemicals on izombé wood (Testulea gabonensis Pellegr.) used in indoor and outdoor designs. 2nd International Culture, Art and Communication Symposium, Bayburt, Turkey, 15-17 December 2023, pp: 289-303.
38. Peker H, Bilginer EH, Ayata Ü, Çamlıbel O, Gürleyen L (2024) Identification of certain surface characteristics of balau red (Shorea guiso) wood treated with wood bleaching chemicals followed by wax treatment. Turkish Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(1): 14-21.
39. Peker H, Ulusoy H (2023) Ahşap ağartıcı kimyasalları uygulanmış yalancı akasya (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. 8. Asya Pasifik Uluslararası Modern Bilimler Kongresi, 11-12 Eylül 2023, Delhi, India, pp: 464-465.
40. Raponda - Walker A, Sillans S (1961) Plantes utiles du Gabon. Edition Lechevalier, Sepia, 614 p.
41. Sönmez A (2005) Ağaç işlerinde üstyüzey işlemleri I. Hazırlık ve Renklendirme, 2. Baskı, Gazi Üniversitesi Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi, Ankara, Turkey (p. 132). ISBN: 975-97281-0-9.
42. Taxiarchou M, Douni I (2014) The effect of oxalic acid activation on the bleaching properties of a bentonite from Milos Island, Greece. Clay Minerals, 49(4): 541-549.
43. Tosso F, Doucet JL, Kaymak E, Daïnou K, Duminil J, Hardy OJ (2016) Microsatellite development for the genus Guibourtia (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) reveals diploid and polyploid species. Applications in Plant Sciences, 4: 1600029.
44. WCMC (1991) Provision of data on rare and threatened tropical timber species, 58.
45. White LJT, Abernethy K (1996) Guide de la végétation de la réserve de la Lopé, Gabon, Ecofac-Gabon, Libreville, 224 p.
46. Williams RS (2010) Finishing of wood. Wood Handbook, 16-39.