Exploring The Antioxidant and Antimicobial Potential of Some Scandix species

Öz

The use of plant-based preparations is an ancient practice that has persisted from the past to the present. In particular, their use as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents has been increasingly common. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of methanol extracts of the aerial parts of 5 Scandix species (S. iberica, S. stellata, S. pecten veneris, S. macrorhyncha and S. balansae) collected from Türkiye. The antimicrobial effects of the methanol extracts were detected by using the disk diffusion method. Antioxidant activity also were evaluated by measuring total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The methanolic extract of Scandix species has inhibited the growth of the microorganisms at the 14.6 to 35.3 mm ratio. TAS values ranged from 2.0 to 3.4 mmol, while TOS values ranged from 15.1 to 23.7 μmol. It was observed that the DPPH radical scavenging effects increased with rising concentrations. The results will contribute to the evaluation of the potential of these species as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in the food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Scandix
• Antimicrobial
• Antioxidant

Scandix Türlerinin Antioksidan ve Antimikrobiyal Potansiyellerinin Araştırılması

Öz

Bitkisel preparatların kullanımı geçmişten günümüze kadar devam eden eski bir uygulamadır. Özellikle antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan ajan olarak kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'den toplanan 5 Scandix türünün (S. iberica, S. stellata, S. pecten veneris, S. macrorhyncha and S. balansae) toprak üstü kısımlarının metanol ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan etkileri belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Metanol ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal etkileri disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite ayrıca toplam antioksidan kapasite (TAS), toplam oksidan durum (TOS) ve DPPH radikal süpürücü aktivitesi ölçülerek değerlendirilmiştir. Scandix türlerinin metanol ekstraktının mikroorganizmaların büyümesini 14.6 ila 35.3 mm oranında engellediği tespit edilmiştir. TAS değerleri 2.0 ila 3.4 mmol arasında değişirken, TOS değerleri 15.1 ila 23.7 μmol arasında değişmiştir. DPPH radikal süpürücü etkilerinin artan konsantrasyonlarla arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Scandix türlerinin gıda, kozmetik veya ilaç endüstrilerinde doğal antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan bileşikler olarak kullanım potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesine katkıda bulunacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioksidan
• Scandix
• Antimikrobiyal
• Antioksidan

Kaynakça

1. Aati HY, Perveen S, Aati S, Orfali R, Alqahtani JH, Al-Taweel AM, Wanner J, Aati AY (2022) Headspace solid-phase microextraction method for extracting volatile constituents from the different parts of Saudi Anethum graveolens L. and their antimicrobial activity. Heliyon, 8(3):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022
2. Anık S, Vardar F (2024) Botanical origin and biochemical composition of different color fractions of bee pollen. Journal of Apicultural Science, 68(2):143-154.https://doi.org/10.2478/JAS-2024-0011
3. Berenbaum MR (1990) Evolution of specialization in insect-umbellifer associations. Annual Review of Entomology, 35(1):319-343.
4. Caspani MUS (2020) Coronavirus Threat Fuels Demand for Traditional Herbal Remedies. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/
5. Ceylan Ö, Uğur A, Saraç N, Arslan BE (2024) In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibiofilm and quorum sensing inhibitory activities of Scandix pecten-veneris L., Artedia squamata L., Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology, 13(1):79-86. https://doi.org/10.69085/jbb20241079
6. Collins CH, Lyne PM, Grange JM, Flkinham III JO (2004) Microbiological Methods. (8th Ed.) Butter Morths & Co (Publishers) Ltd., London.
7. Constance L (1971) History of the Classification of Umbelliferae (Apiaceae). In: Heywood, V. H. (Ed.), The Biology and Chemistry of the Umbelliferae (pp. 1-12). Academic Press: New York, USA.
8. Cuendet M, Hostettmann K, Potterat O, Dyatmiko W (1997) Iridoid glucosides with free radical scavenging properties from Fagraea blumei. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 80(4):1144-1152. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19970800411

9. Davis PH (1972) Flora of Türkiye and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 4, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
10. Demirpolat A, Dogan G, Bagci E (2018) Chemical composition of essential oils of four Scandix species from different parts: a chemotaxonomic approach. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 21(6):1660-1668. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2018.1555059
11. Demirpolat A, Dogan G, Bagci E (2019) Morphological and anatomical investigation of three Scandix species from Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 48(1):53-63. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i1.47416
12. Downie SR, Katz‐Downie DS, Spali K (2000) A phylogeny of apiaceae tribe scandiceae: evidence from nuclear ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer sequences. American Journal of Botany, 87(1):76-95. https://doi.org/10.2307/2656687
13. El Sayed SM, Ahmed N, Selim S, Al-Khalaf AA, El Nahhas N, Abdel-Hafez SH, Sayed S, Emam HM, Ibrahim MA (2022) Acaricidal and antioxidant activities of anise oil (Pimpinella anisum) and the oil’s effect on protease and acetylcholinesterase in the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Agriculture, 12(2):224.https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020224
14. El-Soud NA, El-Laithy N, El-Saeed G, Wahby MS, Khalil M, Morsy F, Shaffie N (2011) Antidiabetic activities of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. essential oil in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences,4(2):139-146. https://doi.org/10.3889/MJMS.1857-5773.2011.0173
15. Erel O (2004) A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clinical Biochemistry, 37(4): 277-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.11.015
16. Erel O (2005) A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clinical Biochemistry, 38(12): 1103-1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.08.008
17. Glumac S, Kardum G, Sodic L, Supe-Domic D, Karanovic N (2017) Effects of dexamethasone on early cognitive decline after cardiac surgery: a randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 34(11): 776-784. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000000647
18. Heinrich M, Williamson EM, Gibbons S, Barnes J, Prieto-Garcia J (2017) Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy (e-book). UK: Elsevier Health Sciences.
19. Heywood VH (1972) Systematic Survey of Old World Umbelliferae. In: Heywood, VH (Ed.), The Biology and Chemistry of the Umbelliferae (pp. 31-42). Academic Press: London.
20. IBM Corp (2017) IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
21. Iqbal MS, Ahmad KS, Ali MA, Akbar M, Mehmood A, Nawaz F, Hussain SA, Arshad N, Munir S, Arshad H, Shahbaz K, Bussmann RW (2021) An ethnobotanical study of wetland flora of Head Maralla Punjab Pakistan. Plos One, 16(10): e0258167. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258167
22. Kahraman C, Topcu G, Bedir E, Tatli II, Ekizoglu, Akdemir ZS (2019) Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Ferula caspica M. Bieb. extracts. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 27(4): 525-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2019.01.016
23. Kapiszewska M, Soltys E, Visioli F, Cierniak A, Zajac G (2005) The protective ability of the Mediterranean plant extracts against the oxidative DNA damage. The role of the radical oxygen species and the polyphenol content. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement, 56(1):183-197. https://doi.org/051be587-404a-4138-90de-d5f890fd35db
24. Karakaya S, Göger GD, Bostanlık F, Demirci B, Duman H, Kilic CS (2019) Comparison of the essential oils of Ferula orientalis L., Ferulago sandrasica Peşmen and Quézel, and Hippomarathrum microcarpum Petrov and their antimicrobial activity. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16(1):6-9. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.77200
25. Kirby AJ, Schmidt RJ (1997) The antioxidant activity of Chinese herbs for eczema and of placebo herbs—I. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 56(2):103-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(97)01510-9
26. Kubeczka KH (1982) Chemical Investigations of Essential Oils of Umbellifers. In Aromatic Plants: Basic and Applied Aspects. pp:165-173. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
27. Mehrnia M, Akaberi M, Amiri MS, Nadaf M, Emami SA (2021) Ethnopharmacological studies of medicinal plants in central Zagros, Lorestan Province, Iran. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 280:114080.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114080
28. Pandey MM, Vijayakumar M, Rastogi S, Rawat AK (2012) Phenolic content and antioxidant properties of selected Indian spices of Apiaceae. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 18(3): 246-256. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496475.2012.680548
29. Pimenov MG (1993) The Genera of the Umbelliferae: A Nomenclator. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and London Botanical Garden of Moscow University, 156.
30. Saeed L, Temüz MM, Keser S, İnci Ş, Dalkılıç LK, Karatepe A (2024) Investigation of phytochemical contents and anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities of Cucurbita pepo Leaves. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, 7(2):1–13. https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1490712
31. Sharifi-Rad M, Tayeboon GS, Miri A, Setzer WN, Fallah F, Kuhestani K, Sharifi-Rad J (2016) Mutagenic, antimutagenic, antioxidant, anti-lipoxygenase and antimicrobial activities of Scandix pecten-veneris L.. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 62(6): 8-16. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb.106.62.6.2
32. Tetik F, Civelek S, Cakilcioglu U (2013) Traditional uses of some medicinal plants in Malatya (Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 146 (1):331-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.054
33. Trifan A, Luca SV, Bostănaru AC, Brebu M, Jităreanu A, Cristina RT, Skalicka-Wo´zniak K, Granica S, Czerwinska ME, Kruk A, Greige-Gerges H, Sieniawska E, Mareș M (2021) Apiaceae essential oils: boosters of terbinafine activity against dermatophytes and potent anti-inflammatory effectors. Plants, 10(11): 2378. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112378
34. Vandebroek I, Pieroni A, Stepp JR, Hanazaki N, Ladio A, Alves RRN, Picking D, Delgoda R, Maroyi A, van Andel T, Quave CL, Paniagua-Zambrana NY, Bussmann RW, Odonne G, Abbasi AM, Albuquerque UP, Baker J, Kutz S, Timsina S, Shigeta M, Oliveira TPR, Hurrell JA, Arenas PM, Puentes JP, Hugé J, Yeşil Y, Pierre LJ, Olango TM, Dahdouh-Guebas F (2020) Reshaping the future of ethnobiology research after the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Plants, 6(7): 723-730. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0691-6
35. Wahab A, Jan SA, Rauf A, ur Rehman Z, Khan Z, Ahmed A, Syed F, Safi Z, Khan H, Imran M (2018) Phytochemical composition, biological potential and enzyme inhibition activity of Scandix pecten-veneris L. Journal of Zhejiang University Science, B, 19(2): 120. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1600443
36. Yousofi A, Daneshmandi S, Soleimani N, Bagheri K, Karimi MH (2012) Immunomodulatory effect of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) essential oil on immune cells: mitogen-activated splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 34(2):303-308. https://doi.org/10.3109/08923973.2011.603338