Effects of Mycorrhiza and Animal Manure Applications on Fruit Yield and Quality in Greenhouse Cucumber Cultivation

Öz

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers in cucumber cultivation leads to gradual soil pollution and long-term losses in yield and quality. An alternative to reducing overfertilization is to support plant nutrition and growth by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and some animal manures in combination. The fertilizers used in the study were arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), sheep manure (KYG), cattle manure (SĞG), horse manure (ATG), chicken manure (TG), and chemical fertilizer (KG) at a 25% reduced (3/4 KG) dose. According to the results of studies conducted in two different locations, measurements taken in Burunucu village and Atayurt region showed the following values: plant height (7.27 cm-16.79 cm), stem diameter (34.43 mm-35.39 mm), number of leaves (32.86 leaves/plant-34.56 leaves/plant), fruit weight (144.3 g-148.71 g), total yield (7.25 kg /da-7.49 kg/da), time to first flowering (12.25-17.11 days), main stem length (351.7 cm-358.71 cm), main stem diameter (7.58 mm-7.94 mm), and number of nodes (46.92 nodes/plant-47.02 nodes/plant). According to measurements taken in two greenhouses, the AMF+TG+3/4 KG and AMF+ATG+3/4 KG applications showed the best performance in terms of plant growth and yield in the greenhouse environment. In conclusion, the use of regional animal waste in combination with mycorrhiza has high potential as an alternative to commercial growing media.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cucumber
• Greenhouse
• Mycorrhiza
• Fertilization management
• Vegetable production

Sera Hıyar Yetiştiriciliğinde Mikoriza ve Hayvansal Gübre Uygulamalarının Meyve Verimi ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Salatalık yetiştiriciliğinde kimyasal gübrelerin aşırı kullanımı, zamanla toprak kirliliğine ve uzun vadede verim ile kalite kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Aşırı gübrelemenin azaltılmasına yönelik bir alternatif olarak, arbusküler mikorizal mantarlar (AMF) ile bazı hayvansal gübrelerin birlikte kullanılmasıyla bitki beslenmesi ve gelişiminin desteklenmesi önerilmektedir. Çalışmada kullanılan gübreler; arbusküler mikorizal mantarlar (AMF), koyun gübresi (KYG), sığır gübresi (SĞG), at gübresi (ATG), tavuk gübresi (TG) ve %25 azaltılmış dozda (3/4 KG) kimyasal gübredir (KG).İki farklı lokasyonda yürütülen çalışmaların sonuçlarına göre, Burunucu Köyü ve Atayurt bölgesinde yapılan ölçümlerde şu değerler elde edilmiştir: bitki boyu (7.27 cm–16.79 cm), gövde çapı (34.43 mm–35.39 mm), yaprak sayısı (32.86 adet/bitki–34.56 adet/bitki), meyve ağırlığı (144.3 g–148.71 g), toplam verim (7.25 kg/da–7.49 kg/da), ilk çiçeklenme süresi (12.25–17.11 gün), ana gövde uzunluğu (351.7 cm–358.71 cm), ana gövde çapı (7.58 mm–7.94 mm) ve boğum sayısı (46.92 adet/bitki–47.02 adet/bitki).İki serada yapılan ölçümlere göre ise, AMF+TG+3/4 KG ve AMF+ATG+3/4 KG uygulamaları, sera koşullarında bitki gelişimi ve verim açısından en iyi performansı göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, bölgesel hayvansal atıkların mikoriza ile birlikte kullanımı, ticari yetiştirme ortamlarına alternatif olarak yüksek bir potansiyele sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hıyar
• Sera
• Mikoriza
• Gübreleme yöntemi
• Sebze üretimi

Kaynakça

1. Adinde, J., Uche, O., Anieke, U., Odom, I., Igwe, J., & Akor, C. (2021). Profitability of the use of poultry manure for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production in Iwollo, Southeastern Nigeria. J Agric Sci Pract, 6(5), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2021.315
2. Akın, S., Şimşek, M., Sarıoğlu, A.,& Keskiner, A.D. (2020). The effect of mycorrhiza application and different irrigation levels on yield and yield components of cucumber grown in the late period. Harran Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences, 24(2), 241-249. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.660670
3. Alkharpotly, A.A., Shehata, M.N., & Abd El Rasheed, K.G. (2019). Theperformance of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) as affected byorganic and NPK mineral fertilization under plastic houses conditionsat arid region. J Plant Prod, 10 (7), 551-558. https://doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2019.53552
4. Alvarado-Carrillo, M., Díaz-Franco, A.,& y Alejandro-Allende, F. (2018). Gallinaza, micorriza arbuscular y fertilización química reducida en la productividad de calabacita y pepino. Revista Inter. Cont. Amb., 34(2), 273-279. https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.2018.34.02.08
5. Anda. (2016). Principais indicadores do setor de fertilizantes. http://anda.org.br/index.php?mpg=03.00.00, Accessed: 21 Dec 2018, By Nikki Tilleylast updated August 13, 2021.
6. Aritonang, S.P., Panjaitan, E., & Tondang, F.P. (2018). Cucumber plants(Cucumis sativus L.) growth and crop yield of chicken manurefertilized with plant spacing. In IOP Conference Series: Earth andEnvironmental Science, 130 (1), 012045. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/130/1/012045
7. Begum, N., Qin, C., Ahanger, M.A., Raza, S., Khan, M.I., Ashraf, M., Ahmed, N., & Zhang, L. (2019). Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant growth regulation: implications in abiotic stress tolerance. Front Plant Sci, 10, 1068. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01068
8. Carvajal-Muñoz, J.S., & Carmona-Garcia, C.E. (2012). Benefits and limitations of biofertilization in agricultural practices. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 24(3), 1-8. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd24/3/carv24043.htm

9. Chapagain, U., Bhandari, S., Shrestha, Y.M., Bista, S., & Dahal, J. (2022). Effect of pruning and fertilizers on growth, flowering and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under protected structure in Panchthar, Nepal. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, 10(3),171–181. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v10i3.47521
10. Chew, K.W., Chia, S.R., Yen, H.W., Nomanbhay, S., Ho, Y.C., & Show, P.L. (2019). Transformation of biomass waste into sustainable organic fertilizers. Sustainability, 11(8), 2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082266
11. Çelik, Y. (2023). Organik ve inorganik gübrelerin marulun (Lactuca sativa L.) verim ve bitki beslenmesi üzerine etkileri. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 12(1), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1082696
12. De Oliveira, P.T.F., Dos Santos, E.L., Da Silva, W.A.V., Ferreira, M.R.A., Soares, L.A.L., Da Silva, F.A., & Silva, F.S.B. (2020). Use of mycorrhizal fungi releases the application of organic fertilizers to increase the production of leaf vitexin in yellow passion fruit. J. Sci. Food Agric., 100, 1816-1821. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10197
13. Díaz-Franco, A., Alvarado-Carrillo, M., Alejandro-Allende, F., & y Ortiz-Chairez, F.E. (2017). Uso de abono orgánico y micorriza arbuscular en la producción de repollo. Rev. Chapingo Ser. Zonas Áridas, 16(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsza.2017.02.003
14. Dikinya, O., & Mufwanzala, N. (2010). Chicken manure-enhanced soil fertility and productivity: effect of application rates. J Soil Sci Environ Manage, 1(3), 46–54. https://ijpp.org/journal/index.php/ijmf/article/view/276
15. Fortis-Hernández, M., Leos-Rodríguez, J.A., Preciado-Rangel, P., Orona-Castillo, I., García-Salazar, J.A., García-Hernández, J.L., & y Orozco-Vidal, J.A. (2009). Aplicación de abonos orgánicos en la producción de maíz forrajero con riego por goteo. Terra Latinoam, 27(4), 329-336. https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/tl/v27n4/v27n4a7.pdf
16. Hariadi, Y.C., Nurhayati, A.Y., & Hariyani, P. (2016). Biophysical monitoring on the effect on different composition of goat and cow manure on the growth response of maize to support sustainability. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 9, 118-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.135
17. Hossain, S.A.A.M., Wang, L., & Liu, H. (2018). Improved greenhouse cucumber production under deficit water and fertilization in Northern China. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,11(4), 58-64. https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20181104.3566
18. Iqbal, A., He, L., Khan, A.,Wei, S., Akhtar, K., Ali, I., Ullah, S., Munsif, F., Zhao, Q., & Jiang, L. (2019). Organic manure coupled with inorganic fertilizer: An approach for the sustainable production of rice by improving soil properties and nitrogen use efficiency. Agronomy, 9(10), 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100651
19. Jackson, M.L. (1962). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
20. Khan, M., Ullah, F., Zainub, B., Khan, M.N., Zeb, A., Ahmad, K., & Arshad, I.R. (2017). Effects of poultry manure levels on growth and yield ofcucumber cultivars. Sci Intl (Lahore), 29 (6), 1381-1386.
21. Kharga, S., Sarma, P., Warade, S., Debnath, P., Wangchu, L., Singh, A.K., & Simray, A.G. (2019). Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield attributing parameters of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under protected condition. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci, 8(8), 1862–1871. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.808.219
22. Krzyzaniak, Y., Magnin-Robert, M., Randoux, B., Fontaine, J., & Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui, A. (2021). Combined use of beneficial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for the biocontrol of plant cryptogamic diseases: evidence, methodology, and limits. Symbiotic Soil Microorganisms: Biology and Applications, 429-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51916-2_24.
23. Ma, L., Zhang, J., Ren, R., Fan, B., Hou, L., & Li, J. (2021). Effects of different organic nutrient solution formulations and supplementation on tomato fruit quality and aromatic volatiles. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 67(4), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2020.1740208
24. Mawarni, L., & Siahaan, M.D.A. (2022). Effect of chicken manure and pruningon Kyuri Cucumber Plant. In IOP Conf. Ser: Earth Environ Sci. The 5thInternational Conference on Agriculture, Environment, and Food Security, 18 November 2021, 977: 012043.
25. Muraishi, C.T., Alves, M.C., Silva Júnior, A.D., & Souza, Z.M.D. (2011). Propriedades químicas do latossolo distroférrico típico do cerrado sob sistemas de manejo. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 33(3), 551-557. https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v33i3.6593
26. Oke, O., Jatto, K., Oyaniyi, T., Adewumi, O., Adara, C., Marizu, J., Ogunbela, A., & Adebayo, G. (2020). Responses of different poultry manure levels on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) In Ibadan, Nigeria. J Res for Wildl Environ., 12(3), 206–215. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrfwe/article/view/200796
27. Ortiz-Bobea, A., Ault, T.R., Carrillo, C.M., Chambers, R.G., & Lobell, D.B. (2021). Anthropogenic climate change has slowed global agricultural productivity growth. Nature Climate Change, 11(4), 306-312. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01000-1
28. Peñaloza Monroy, J., Reyes Ramírez, A.K., González Huerta, A., Pérez López, D.D.J., & Sangerman-Jarquín, D.M. (2019). Fertilización orgánica con tres niveles de gallinaza en cuatro cultivares de papa. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 10(5), 1139-1149.
29. Pérez, D.M., García, P.A.V. & y Pimentel, K.R. (2021). Efecto de las micorrizas arbusculares sobre la fase inicial de crecimiento de Zea mays L. Avances, 23(3), 282-297. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238599551
30. Pinto, F.A., dos Santos, F.L., Terra, F.D., Ribeiro, D.O., Sousa, R.R.J., de Souza, E.D., Carneiro, M.A.C. & Paulino, H.B. (2012). Atributos de solo sob pastejo rotacionado em função da aplicação de cama de peru. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, Goiânia, v. 42(3), 254–262, https://revistas.ufg.br/pat/article/view/17543 Rojas-Rodríguez, K. & y Ortuño, N. (2007). Evaluación de micorrizas arbusculares en interacción con abonos orgánicos como coadyuvantes del crecimiento en la producción hortícola del valle alto de Cochabamba, Bolivia. Acta Nova. 3, 697-719. http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S168307892007000200005&lng=es&nrm=iso
31. Sallam, B.N., Lu, T., Yu, H., Li, Q., Sarfraz, Z., Iqbal, M.S., Khan, S., Wang, H., Liu, P., & Jiang, W. (2021). Productivity enhancement of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through optimized use of poultry manure and mineral fertilizers under greenhouse cultivation. Horticulturae, 7(8), 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080256
32. Sivakumar, P., Palanisamy, K., & Lenin, M. (2020). Potential role of arbuscular mycorrizhal fungi (AMF) and vermicompost (vc) on the maturation of Agri-culture crops-a review. S Asian J Life Sci., 8(2), 24–37. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226595486
33. Şahin, U., Kuslu, Y., & Kiziloglu, F.M. (2015). Response of cucumbers to different irrigation regimes applied through drip-irrigation system. Japs: Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 25(1), 198-205.
34. Tedersoo, L., Anslan, S., Bahram, M., Drenkhan, R., Pritsch, K., Buegger, F., Padari, A., Hagh-Doust, N., Mikryukov, V., Gohar, D., Amiri, R., Hiiesalu, I., Lutter, R., Rosenvald, R., Rähn, E., Adamson, K., Drenkhan, T., Tullus, H., Jürimaa, K., Sibul, I., Otsing, E., Põlme, S., Metslaid, M., Loit, K., Agan. A., Puusepp, R., Varik, I., Kõljalg, U., & Abarenkov, K. (2020). Regional-scale in-depth analysis of soil fungal diversity reveals strong Ph and plant species effects in Northern Europe. Front. Microbiol., 11, 1953. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01953
35. TSMS. (2023). Silifke District Meteorology Directorate.
36. Wang, C., Tian, B., Yu, Z., & Ding, J. (2020). Effect of different combinations of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and aphids in wheat. Insects, 11(6), 365. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11060365
37. Williams, M.C., Ezeoke, Q.A., Adelodun, V., Diekade, O.O., Mbonu, P., & Omojola, E.T. (2022). Assessment of poultry manure and NPK fertilizer on the yield components of cucumber variety in Owerri. Int J Hortic for Res, 3(1), 1–11.
38. Xiao, Y., Zhao, Z., Chen, L., & Li, Y. (2020). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic manure have synergistic effects on Trifolium repens in Cd-contaminated sterilized soil but not in natural soil. Applied Soil Ecology, 149, 103485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103485
39. Zahid, N., Jamil Ahmed, M., Mahmood Tahir, M., Maqbool, M., Zulfiqar Ali Shah, S., Jamshaid Hussain, S., Khaliq, A., & Ishaq Asif Rehmani, M. (2021). Integrated effect of urea and poultry manure on growth, yield and postharvest quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L). Asian J Agric Biol, 2021(1). https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2020.07.381