Isıl İşlemin Doğu Ladini ve Dişbudak Odunlarında Kimyasal Bileşenler Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada Dar Yapraklı Dişbudak (DYD) ve Doğu Ladini (DL) odunlarında ısıl işlemin kimyasal bileşenler üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’de doğal olarak yetişmekte olan ağaç türleri, yetişme ortamından ilgili standarta göre seçilmiş ve ısıl işlem sürecine kadar hazırlanmıştır. Ardından hazırlanan çalışma ağaçları ThermoWood® yöntemi ile 190°C (TW1) ve 212°C (TW2) sıcaklıkta 1 saat ısıl işleme tabi tutulmuştur. Daha sonra odun örnekleri öğütülerek kimyasal analizler için hazırlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında hazırlanan odun örneklerinin kuru madde, rutubet, holoselüloz, α-selüloz, lignin, aseton çözünürlüğü ve kül tayini ilgili standartlara göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre DYD ve DL odunlarında kontrol örnekleri için kuru madde (KM), rutubet (R), holoselüloz (HLS), alfa-selüloz (α-S), hemiselüloz (HMS), klason lignini (KL), kül miktarı (ASH) ve aseton çözünürlüğü (AS) miktarlarının sırası ile yüzde şeklinde 94.0 ve 93.4; 6.38 ve 7.03; 87.1 ve 82.8; 51.2 ve 56.5; 35.9 ve 26.8; 24.1 ve 29.7; 0.27 ve 0.28; 1.88 ve 0.96 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte ısıl işlem (HT) uygulanmış odun örneklerinde her iki ağaç türünün temel bileşenleri olan HLS, KL, HMS ve α-S miktarlarında kontrol örneklerine göre önemli değişiklikler olduğu görülmektedir. Kontrol örneklerine göre en yüksek azalma TW2 örneklerinde olmak üzere HLS’da DYD’da %29.63, α-S’da DL odununda 16.46 ve HMS’da ise DYD odununda %54.31 olarak meydana geldiği görülmektedir. Klason lignin miktarı HT görmüş örneklerde kontrol örneklerine göre her iki ağaç türünde artmış, en yüksek artış ise DYD odunu TW2 örneğinde %47.30 şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğu ladini
• Dişbudak
• Isıl işlem
• Kimyasal özellikler

The Effect of Heat Treatment on Chemical Components in Oriental Spruce and Narrow-leaved Ash Woods

Öz

This study investigated the effect of heat treatment on the chemical components of Narrow-leaved Ash and Oriental Spruce wood. For this purpose, tree species naturally growing in Türkiye were selected from their growing environment in accordance with the relevant standards and prepared for the heat treatment process. Subsequently, the prepared study trees were subjected to heat treatment at 190°C (TW1) and 212°C (TW2) for 1 hour using the ThermoWood® method. Afterwards, the wood samples were ground and prepared for chemical analysis. Dry matter, moisture content, holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, lignin, acetone solubility, and ash content of the wood samples prepared within the scope of the study were determined according to the relevant standards. According to the study results, the percentages of dry matter (DM), moisture (R), holocellulose (HLS), alpha-cellulose (α-S), hemicellulose (HMS), Klason lignin (KL), ash content (ASH), and acetone solubility (AS) in Narrow-leaved Ash and Oriental Spruce wood control samples were determined as 94.0 and 93.4; 6.38 and 7.03; 87.1 and 82.8; 51.2 and 56.5; 35.9 and 26.8; 24.1 and 29.7; 0.27 and 0.28; and 1.88 and 0.96, respectively, as percentages for the control samples. However, in heat-treated (HT) wood samples, significant changes were observed in the amounts of HLS, KL, HMS, and α-S, which are the main components of both tree species, compared to control samples. Compared to control samples, the highest decrease was observed in samples treated with 212°C HT, with a decrease of 29.63% in Narrow-leaved Ash wood in HLS, 16.46% in Oriental Spruce wood in α-S, and 54.31% in Narrow-leaved Ash wood in HMS. Klason lignin content increased in HT-treated samples in both tree species compared to control samples, with the highest increase of 47.30% in Narrow-leaved Ash wood treated with 212°C HT. Compared to control samples, the highest decrease was observed in TW2 samples, with 29.63% in DYD wood in HLS, 16.46% in DL wood in α-S, and 54.31% in DYD wood in HMS. Clason lignin content increased in HT-treated samples in both tree species compared to control samples, with the highest increase occurring in DYD wood of the TW2 sample at 47.30%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ash
• Chemical properties
• Heat treatment
• Oriental spruce

Kaynakça

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