Investigation on Resistance against White-rot and Brown-rot Fungi of some Fire Retardant Chemicals in Laminate Flooring

Öz

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of some fire retardants on decay resistance of the high density fiberboard (HDF) panels covered with overlay, decorative and balance papers. Borax (BX), boric acid (BA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and alpha-x (AX) as fire retardant (FR) chemicals were added as powder into the fibers made from 50% pine and 50% beech woods at 3%, 6% and 9% levels based on oven-dry fiber weight. HDF panels (400x400x6.5mm) were produced. After, surfaces of the panels were coated with overlay, decorative and balance papers. The panels were exposed to white (Ceriporiopsis subvermisphora) and brown (Coniophora puteana) decay fungi. The decay resistance of panels was investigated. The results showed that the addition of FR chemicals increased resistance against white and brown rot fungi of the panels. Thus, it was ascertained that concentration and type of FR chemicals are effective on decay resistance of laminate flooring.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Laminate flooring
• fire retardant
• white-rot
• borax

Laminat Parkede Bazı Yanmayı Geciktirici Kimyasalların Beyaz ve Esmer Çürüklük Mantarlarına Karşı Direncinin Araştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı laminat parke yapımında kullanılan yanmayı geciktirici kimyasal maddelerinin mantar çürüklük direnci üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Yanmayı geciktirici (FR: Fire retardant) olarak boraks (BX), borik asit (BA), amonyum polifosfat ve alfa-x (AX) kimyasal maddeleri kullanılmıştır. Kimyasallar %50 çam ve %50 kayın lifleri arasına tam kuru lif ağırlığına oranla %3,%6 ve %9 oranlarında toz olarak katılmıştır. Yüksek yoğunluklu (HDF: High density fiberboard) liflevhalar (400x400x6.5mm) üretilmiştir. Daha sonra levhaların yüzeyleri overlay, dekor ve balans kağıtları ile kaplanmıştır. Levhalar beyaz (Ceriporiopsis subvermisphora) ve esmer (Coniophora puteana) çürüklük mantarlarına maruz bırakılmıştır. Levhaların mantar çürüklük direnci araştırılmıştır. Sonuçta yanmayı geciktirici kimyasal maddelerin levhaların beyaz ve esmer çürüklük mantarlarına karşı direnci arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yanmayı geciktirici kimyasal madde türü ve konsantrasyon oranının laminat parkenin çürüklük direnci üzerine etkili olduğu da tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Laminat parke
• yangın geciktirici
• çürüklük
• boraks

Kaynakça

1. Ayrılmıs N, Kartal SN, Laufenberg TL, Winandy JE, White RH, Usda FS (2005) Physical and Mechanical Properties and Fire, Decay, and Termite Resistance of Treated Oriented Strandboard. Forest Products Journal . May, v. 55, no. 5, p. 74–82.
2. Bektha P, Niemz P (2003) Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood. Holzforschung , 57: 539–46
3. Barnes HM, Amburgey TL (1993) Technologies for the protection of wood composites. Proc. of Inter. Union of Forestry Research Organization Symp. on the Protection of Wood-Based Composite Products. IUFRO,Vienna, Austria. pp. 7-11.
4. Çolakoğlu G, Çolak S, Aydın I, Yıldız UC, Yıldız S (2003) Effect of boric acid treatment on mechanical properties of laminated beech lumber. Silva Fennica 37(4), 505-510
5. EN-113 (1996) Wood Preservatives-Determination of Toxic Values of Wood Preservatives Against Wood Destroying Basidiomycetes Cultured on Agar Medium, European Committee for Standardisation (CEN), Brussells, Belgium.
6. Eaton RA, Hale MDC (1993) Wood: decay, pests and protection, Chapman &Hall, London.
7. Evans PD, Dimitriades S, Cunningham RB, Donnelly CF (2000) Medium density fiberboard manufactured from blends of white cypress pine and non-durable wood species shows increased resistance to attack by the subterranean termites Coptotermes lacteus. Holzforschung 54:585-590.
8. Kartal SN, Green F (2003) Decay and termite resistance of medium density fiberboard made from different wood species. Inter. Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 51(1):29

9. Kartal SN, Ayrılmış N, Imamura Y (2007) Decay and Termite Resistance of Plywood Treated with Various Fire Retardants, Building and Environment , Pages 1207-1211.
10. Kurt S, Özçiftçi A (2009) Effect of various fire retardants on Brinell hardness of some wood. BioResourches 4(3), 960-969.
11. Laks PE, Manning MJ (1997) Mobility of Zinc Borate Wood Composite Preservative. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG), Doc. No. IRG/WP 97– 30153, Stockholm, Sweden.
12. LeVan S, Winandy JE (1990) Effect of Fire-retardant Treatments on Wood Strength: A review. Wood and Fiber Science , 22(1): 113–131
13. Lloyd, JD (1998) Borates and their Biological Applications. The İnternational Research Group on Wood Preservation 29th Annual Meeting, IRG/WP/98–30178, Maastricht, Nederlands.
14. Murphy RJ, Dickinson DJ, Turner P, Wickens PJ, Hashim R (1993) Vapor boron treatment of wood composites. In: Proceedings, IUFRO Symposium on Protection of Wood-Based Composite Products, Orlando, FL, Forest Products Society, Madison, WI, pp 49–56
15. Nemli G, Yıldız S, Gezer E (2005) Effects of Melamine Raw Paper Weight, Varnish Type and the Structure of Continuous Pressed Laminate (CPL) on the Physical, Mechanical Properties and Decay Resistance of Particleboard International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation Volume 56, Issue 3, October, Pages 166-172.
16. Rainer JB (1993) Borates as Wood Preservatives – an Environmental, Healty and Safety
17. Perspective. In: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Wood Preservation– The Challenge Safety-Environment. Cannes-Mandelieu, 59-76. Ruberg U, Hafren J (2009) Gravimetric screening meethod for fungal decay of paper: Inoculation with Trametes versicolor. Biotechnoll Lett DOI 1007/s10529-009-0038-x; 6 pages.
18. Şimsek H, Baysal E, Peker H (2010) Some Mechanical Properties and Decay Resistance of Wood Impregnated with EnvironmentallyFriendly Borates. Construction and Building Materials Volume 24, Issue 11, November, Pages 2279–2284.
19. Sumin K, Hyun-Joong K (2006) Anti-bacterial performance of colloidal silver-treated laminate wood flooring, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 57 (2006) 155–162.
20. Thevenon M, Pizzi A, Haluk JP (1997) Non-toxic albumin and soja protein borates as ground contact wood preservatives. Holz Roh-Werkst 55: 293–296
21. Tsunoda K, Watanabe H, Fukuda K, Hagio K (2002) Effects of zinc borate on the properties of medium density fiberboard. Forest Prod J. 52(11/12):62–65
22. Ustaömer D (2008) Determination of Changes on the Properties of Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) Produced Treating by Various Fire Retardant Chemicals, PhD, KTÜ, Trabzon, 244s.
23. Yalınkılıç MK, Yusuf S, Yoshimura T, Takahashi M, Tsunoda K (1996) Effect of Vapor Phaseformalizationof Boric Acid Treated Wood on Boron Leachability and Biological Resistance. İn; Proceedings of Third Pacific RimBio-Based Composite Symposium, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 544–551.