Genres in Video Art and a New Model Proposal according to the Presentation Forms

Abstract

Video art emerged as a reaction to television broadcasting policies and as a result of the desire to find new mediums in art. Unlike television and cinema, in video art, the third dimension exists not only through visual illusions but also physically in a space. In this respect, video, which is closely related to sculpture and installation arts, also has the ability to create a virtual third dimension. This study aims to clarify the video genres according to the creation of the third dimension by finding the genre classifications in the literature on video insufficient. In this way, it is aimed to prevent conceptual confusion regarding video genres in academic or artistic studies on video art. For this purpose, the works in the discipline of video art were analyzed by content analysis method on how they create the third dimension during presentation. As a result of this examination, it was determined that three different approaches were preferred by the artists, and in line with this data, three sub-genres were determined as basic video sculpture, video installation and virtual reality within the scope of the problematic of how video art creates the third dimension. This classification is expected to both contribute to the theoretical literature and reduce the uncertainty of genre in art practice.

Keywords

• Video Art
• Video Genres
• Video Sculpture
• Video Installation
• Virtual Reality

Video Sanatında Türler ve Sunum Biçimlerine Göre Yeni Bir Model Önerisi

Öz

Televizyon yayın politikalarına bir tepki olarak ve sanatta yeni ortamlar bulma uğraşının sonucunda ortaya çıkan video sanatı, televizyon ve sinemanın aksine üçüncü boyutu yalnızca görsel yanılsamalar aracılığıyla değil, bir mekânda fiziksel olarak da var etmektedir. Bu bakımdan heykel ve enstalasyon sanatları ile yakından ilişki içindeki video, aynı zamanda sanal olarak üçüncü boyut yaratma yetisine de sahiptir. Bu çalışma, video üzerine literatürde yer alan tür sınıflandırmalarını yetersiz bularak üçüncü boyutun yaratımına göre video türlerini netleştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu sayede video sanatı üzerine yapılan akademik ya da sanatsal çalışmalarda video türlerine ilişkin kavramsal karmaşanın önüne geçilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu amaçla video sanatı disiplininde yer alan çalışmalar, sunum sırasında üçüncü boyutu nasıl oluşturduklarına dair içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sonucunda, sanatçılar tarafından üç farklı yaklaşım tercih edildiği saptanmış ve bu veriler doğrultusunda video sanatının üçüncü boyutu nasıl oluşturduğu sorunsalı kapsamında temel video heykel, video kurulum ve sanal gerçeklik olarak üç alt tür belirlenmiştir. Bu sınıflandırmanın hem kuramsal literatüre katkı sağlaması hem de sanat pratiğinde tür belirsizliğini azaltması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Video Sanatı
• Videoda Türler
• Video Heykel
• Video Kurulum
• Sanal Gerçeklik

Kaynakça

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