Cenevre Müzik Duygusu Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması

Öz

Bu çalışma, müzik aracılığıyla ortaya çıkan estetik ve karmaşık duyguları ölçmek amacıyla geliştirilmiş bir özbildirim aracı olan Cenevre Müzik Duygusu Ölçeğinin (Geneva Emotional Music Scale; GEMS) 25 maddelik versiyonunun Türkçe uyarlamasını ve psikometrik özelliklerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmaya 81 kadın ve 20 erkek üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Katılımcılar, farklı duygusal tepkiler uyandıracak şekilde seçilmiş beş Batı klasik müziği eserinin ikişer dakikalık bölümlerini dinlemiş ve her parça sonrasında ölçeği doldurmuştur. Katılımcılardan 85’i, test-tekrar test güvenirliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla iki hafta sonra yeniden ölçüme alınmıştır. Çok düzeyli doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları, orijinal dokuz faktörlü yapının Türkçe örneklemde tam olarak korunamadığını, ancak sekiz faktörlü bir yapının (yeni eklenen Zihinsel Kopuş faktörü dahil) daha uygun olduğunu göstermiştir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayıları (α = .76–.88) ve bileşik güvenirlik değerleri (.64–.92) kabul edilebilir düzeyde bulunmuş, test-tekrar test korelasyonları ise faktörler arasında değişmekle birlikte genel olarak yeterli kararlılık göstermiştir. Tekrarlı ölçümler varyans analizleri, tüm duygusal faktörlerde müzik eserleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar ortaya koymuştur; örneğin, Vivaldi en yüksek Neşeli Hareketlenme ve Hayranlık, Mendelssohn en yüksek Dinginlik, Bruch en yüksek Hüzün, Delibes ise en yüksek Gerginlik puanlarını almıştır. Bulgular, GEMS-24-TR’nin Türk kültüründe müziğin tetiklediği estetik duyguları güvenilir biçimde ölçebildiğini ve kültürel farklılıklara duyarlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu uyarlama, müzik psikolojisinde hem deneysel hem de uygulamalı araştırmalar için standartlaştırılmış bir ölçüm aracı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Müzik Psikolojisi
• Estetik Duygular
• GEMS-24-TR
• Ölçek Uyarlaması

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma, TÜBİTAK-2209 Programı kapsamında desteklenmiştir

Proje Numarası

Proje no. 1919B012420570

Etik Beyan

Etik kurul onayı Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Etik Kurulu’ndan (Tarih: 28.02.2025, Sayı: 2025/02-38) alınmıştır.

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmada ölçeğin İngilizceden Türkçeye çeviri sürecine katkılarından dolayı Prof. Dr. Nihal Mamatoğlu, Doç. Dr. Ercan Selçuk Ünlü, Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Ahmet Yasin Şenyurt ve Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Cantürk Akben’e; Türkçeden İngilizceye geri çeviri sürecine desteklerinden ötürü Prof. Dr. Hamit Coşkun ve Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Şerife İnci Şalvarlı’ya teşekkür ederiz.

Turkish Adaptation of the Geneva Emotional Music Scale

Öz

This study aimed to adapt the 25-item version of the Geneva Emotional Music Scale (GEMS), a self-report tool for measuring aesthetic and complex emotions elicited by music, into Turkish and examine its psychometric properties. Participants were 81 male and 20 female university students who listened to five two-minute excerpts from Western classical music, each selected to evoke distinct emotions, and completed the scale after each piece. To assess test–retest reliability, 85 participants returned two weeks later for a second measurement. Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original nine-factor structure was not fully preserved; instead, an eight-factor model, including a newly identified factor (Mental Detachment), provided a better fit. Internal consistency coefficients (α = .76–.88) and composite reliability values (.64–.92) were acceptable, and test–retest correlations varied but generally showed adequate stability. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed significant differences among music pieces across all emotional factors; for example, Vivaldi produced the highest Joyful Activation and Admiration, Mendelssohn the highest Peacefulness, Bruch the highest Sadness, and Delibes the highest Tension. The findings indicate that the GEMS-24-TR reliably measures aesthetic emotions evoked by music in the Turkish cultural context and is sensitive to cultural variations in factor structure. This adaptation offers a standardized tool for experimental and applied research in music psychology, enabling cross-cultural comparisons and deepening understanding of music-induced emotions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Music
• Aesthetic Emotions
• GEMS-24-TR
• Scale Adaptation

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported under the TUBITAK-2209 Program

Proje Numarası

Proje no. 1919B012420570

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval was received from Balıkesir University Social and Humanities Ethics Committee (Date: 28.02.2025, Number: 2025/02-38).

Teşekkür

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. Nihal Mamatoğlu, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ercan Selçuk Ünlü, Asst. Prof. Dr. Ahmet Yasin Şenyurt, and Asst. Prof. Dr. Cantürk Akben for their valuable contributions to the translation of the scale from English to Turkish, and to Prof. Dr. Hamit Coşkun and Asst. Prof. Dr. Şerife İnci Şalvarlı for their support in the back-translation from Turkish to English.

Kaynakça

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