Odysseus’un Soyu: Ovidius’un Metamorphoses’inde (11.312–315, 344–345) Tersine-Şecere Karakterizasyonu

Öz

Bu makalede, Ovidius’un Metamorphoses eserinin Daedalion bölümünde (11.289-345) yer alan yeni bir “tersine-şecere karakterizasyonu” örneğini tanımlamaktadır. Bu, ünlü bir karakterin ayırt edici özelliklerinin atalarına yönelik yansıtılması anlamına gelen yazınsal bir tekniktir. Çoğu zaman, Epizodun Autolycus (312-315) karakterini tasvir ederken onun düzenbaz olan torunu Ulysses’in şahsına münhasır özelliklerine gönderme yapılmasıyla bilinmektedir, fakat Ovidius’un, Autolycus’un büyükbabası Daedalion’u tasvir ederken bu jeneolojik kehanet sürecini 2 nesil önceye taşıdığını bu metinde iddia edilecektir. Özellikle de Daedalion’un dönüşüm-sonrası durumunu niteleyen ıstırap ve yaralanmanın (aliisque dolens fit causa dolendi, 345), Odysseia’da bizzat Autolycus tarafından açıklandığı üzere, ὀδυσσάμενος’tan gelen Odysseus’un Homerik etimolojisine ima yapıldığını tartışacağım. Autolycus ve Daedalion’un tersine-şecere karakterizasyonu Ulysses’in esas karakterini bir arada betimlemekle birlikte, bilhassa Metamorphoses 13’de yer alan Silahların Hükmü’nde kendisinin sofistçe benlik tasvirini zayıflatan özellikleri vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Destansı soyağacı
• Odysseus/Ulysses
• Autolycus
• Daedalion
• Odysseus’un ismi
• etimolojik gönderme

The Odysseus Gene: A Case of Reverse-Genealogical Characterization in Ovid’s Metamorphoses (11.312–315, 344–345)

Öz

This paper identifies a new instance of “reverse-genealogical characterization”—a literary technique whereby a well-known character’s distinctive traits are projected back onto their ancestor—in the Daedalion episode of Ovid’s Metamorphoses (11.289–345). It has widely been recognized that the episode’s sketch of the figure of Autolycus (312–315) alludes to some of the defining characteristics of that trickster’s grandson Ulysses, but I contend that Ovid’s depiction of Autolycus’ own grandfather Daedalion extends this process of genealogical foreshadowing back two generations further. In particular, I argue that the reciprocal pain and injury that typify Daedalion’s post-metamorphosis existence (aliisque dolens fit causa dolendi, 345) alludes to the Homeric etymology of “Odysseus” from ὀδυσσάμενος, as expounded by Autolycus himself in the Odyssey (19.407). The reverse-genealogical characterization of Autolycus and Daedalion jointly delineate Ulysses’ essential character and particularly highlight traits that undermine his sophistic self-presentation in the Judgment of Arms in Metamorphoses 13.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Epic genealogy
• Odysseus/Ulysses
• Autolycus
• Daedalion
• the name of Odysseus
• etymological allusion

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