Orta Asya ile Güney Asya arasında Hint-Türk Kültür ve Medeniyetleri Etkileşimleri (t. MS 700-1500)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 39 - 54, 15.08.2023

Arshad Islam

Öz

İran, Hint, Türk ve Çin de dahil olmak üzere birçok büyük dünya medeniyetinin bağlantı noktasında Orta Asya yer alır ve antik çağlardan beri çeşitli kültür ve medeniyetlerin kavşağı olmuştur. İnsanlık tarihinde benzersiz bir rol oynayan inanılmaz derecede çok kültürlü bir bölgedir. Hinduizm'i Hindistan'a getiren Hint-Aryanların anavatanı olan bölge, daha sonra Zerdüştlüğün yuvası olmuş, Budizm ve İslam'ı benimsemiştir. Merkezi konumu nedeniyle Asya'nın kalbi olarak kabul edilir, ancak insanlık hikayesi için hayati önemi genel halk tarafından pek takdir edilmez. Hindistan halkı gibi Orta Asya halkı da tarihsel olarak küresel öneme sahip bilimsel ve kültürel uygulamaları geliştirmiş, yeni teknolojiler geliştirmiş ve her alanda öğrenimi zenginleştirmiştir. Bu makale, MS 700-1500 döneminde bu esasen Fars kültürel alanında Hint ve Türk kültürlerinin değiş tokuşunu araştırmaktadır. Bu dönem, erken Arap-İslam fetihlerini, Ortaçağ Altın Çağını, Moğol istilasını ve Osmanlı, Safevi ve Babür imparatorluklarının başlıca erken modern uygarlıklarının ortaya çıkışını kapsar. Bu dönem, istikrarlı bir şekilde uzlaştırılan ve kendi başına dikkate değer bir medeniyetle bütünleşen birçok etnik ve kültürel eserin kaynaşmasıyla dikkate değer bir sosyo-kültürel gelişme gördü. İslam, bu dikkate değer değiş tokuşun matrisini sağlarken, aynı zamanda, sadece başkalarına müsamaha göstermekten ziyade, çeşitliliği ve çok inançlı ruhu kutsayan bir kültürde, farklı inançlara ve geçmişlere sahip insanların katkılarını da içeriyordu. İnsan zihinlerinin işbirliğine ve entelektüel ve uygarlık bağlarının yerli gelenekler, inanç, edebiyat ve sanat üzerindeki etkilerine dair geçerli bir örnek sunuyor. Hint ve Türk kültürlerinin ve Orta Asya ile Güney Asya arasındaki medeniyet alışverişinin bu analizi, esas olarak Arapça, Farsça, Urduca ve İngilizce kaynaklara dayanmaktadır ve Müslüman bilgelerin Türk ve Hint kültürel alanlarıyla ilişkili olarak bilgelik, dil, sanat, mimarlık, kültür, bilim, tıp, felsefe ve edebiyatın korunması ve geliştirilmesindeki rolüne ve entelektüel mirasına, başarılarına ve rolüne odaklanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslam, Budizm, Zerdüştlük, Türk kültürü, Çin Kültürü, Fars kültürü, Hint kültürü

Indo-Turkic Cultures and Civilizational Exchanges between Central Asia and South Asia (c. 700-1500 CE)

Öz

Central Asia is located at the nexus of many great world civilizations, including the Persian, Indian, Turkic, and Chinese, and it has been the crossroads of the diverse cultures and civilizations since antiquity. It is an incredibly multi-cultural region that has played a unique role in human history. As the homeland of the Indo-Aryans who brought Hinduism to India, the region later became home to Zoroastrianism, and adopted Buddhism and Islam. It is considered the heart of Asia because of its centrality, but its crucial importance to the human story is little appreciated by the general public. The people of Central Asia, like those of India, have historically improved scientific and cultural practices of global importance, as well as innovating new technologies and enriching learning in all fields. This paper explores the exchanges of Indian and Turkic cultures in this essentially Persian cultural sphere during the period 700-1500 CE. This period spans the early Arab-Islamic conquests, the medieval Golden Age, the Mongol invasion, and the emergence of the major early modern civilizations of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires. This period saw remarkable socio-cultural development with the fusions of many ethnic and cultural artefacts that were steadily reconciled and integrated into a remarkable civilization in its own right. While Islam provided the matrix for this remarkable exchange, it also included the contributions of peoples of diverse faiths and backgrounds, in a culture than celebrated diversity and multi-faith spirit, rather than merely tolerating others. It presents a valid illustration of the collaboration of human minds and the influences of intellectual and civilizational links on native traditions, belief, literature and arts. This analysis of Indo-Turkic cultures and civilizational exchanges between Central Asia and South Asia is based mainly on Arabic, Persian, Urdu and English sources, focused on the intellectual legacy, achievements, and role of Muslim polymaths in the preservation and development of wisdom, language, arts, architecture, culture, sciences, medicine, philosophy, and literature in relation to the Turkic and Indian cultural spheres.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Central Asia, Persian, Indian, Turkic, Chinese, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Islam

Kaynakça

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