FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE OF EXTRADITION: THE RISE OF A NEW OBLIGATION AS REVERSE EXTRADITION

Abstract

Extradition is a legal concept that has been grown throughout the history of international relations. However, it is not just a simple result of the everyday headaches of international actors. Extradition, specifically, extradition of common criminals, has also a substantial intellectual background that had been developed by prominent scholars such as Grotius and Beccaria. The current scope of extradition agreements, whether they are unilateral or bilateral, includes an obligation to surrender a person who has been convicted or suspected. This situation is related to its intellectual background as its history as well. Recent developments in international law, such as the denaturalization of dual citizens who have been involved in terrorist activities, initiated new legal disputes over whether a state has not any duty to open its borders to someone, who is not its citizen anymore, however, it should be examined that whether states are under an obligation to take and prosecute terrorists in terms of international law. Consequently, such an obligation is essential for the establishment of international security. Recognition of this obligation as a valid legal institution can only be achieved via a well-structured international treaty.

Keywords

• Extradition
• Denaturalization
• Terrorism
• Transnational Crime
• International Security

İadenin Geçmişinden Geleceğine: Tersine Teslim Yükümlülüğünün Doğuşu

Öz

İade, uluslararası ilişkiler tarihi boyunca gelişen hukuki bir kavramdır. Ancak bu, uluslararası aktörlerin günlük meselelerinin basit bir sonucundan ibaret değildir. İade, özellikle de adi suçluların iadesi, Grotius ve Beccaria gibi önde gelen düşünürler tarafından geliştirilmiş önemli bir entelektüel arka plana sahiptir. İster tek taraflı ister iki taraflı olsun mevcut iade anlaşmalarının kapsamı, hüküm giymiş veya suç isnadı altında bulunan bir kişinin teslim edilmesi yükümlülüğünü içermektedir. Bu durum iadenin tarihiyle olduğu kadar entelektüel arka planıyla da ilgilidir. Uluslararası hukukta terör faaliyetlerine karışmış çifte vatandaşların vatandaşlıktan çıkarılması gibi güncel gelişmeler, bir devletin artık kendi vatandaşı olmayan birine onu yargılamak üzere sınırlarını açma yükümlülüğünün bulunup bulunmadığı konusunda yeni hukuki ihtilaf başlatmıştır. Bu bağlamda, devletlerin uluslararası hukuk açısından teröristleri alma ve kovuşturma yükümlülüğü altında olup olmadığı incelenmelidir. Neticede, böyle bir yükümlülük, uluslararası güvenliğin tesisi için elzemdir. Bu yükümlülüğün geçerli bir yasal kurum olarak kabul görmesi, ancak iyi yapılandırılmış bir uluslararası anlaşma ile sağlanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Extradition
• Denaturalization
• Terrorism
• Transnational Crime
• International Security
• İade, Vatandaşlıktan Çıkartma, Terörizm, Sınıraşan Suç, Uluslararası Güvenlik

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