COVID-19'un Kamu Bakımındaki Çocuklar Üzerindeki Etkileri; Depresyon ve Anksiyete Düzeyleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 20 - 27, 05.08.2022

Ayşe Sonay Türkmen

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, sevgi evlerindeki çocukların COVID-19'dan etkilenme durumunu belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu araştırmanın evrenini, sevgi evlerinde yaşayan 7-12 yaş arasındaki çocuklar oluşturmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında 83 çocuğa ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak anket formu, Çocuklar İçin Beck Depresyon Ölçeği ve Çocuklar İçin Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Veriler, tanımlayıcı analizler ve fark analizleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İstatistiksel anlamlılık p<0.05 olarak kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Çocukların yaş ortalaması 11.18 ± 1.58 yıldır. Çocukların salgın nedeniyle ortalama korku puanı kendilerine göre 2.42 ± 1.34, gözlemciye göre 2.42 ± 1.22 idi. Çocukların Beck Depresyon Ölçeği puan ortalaması 5,51 ± 3,06 olarak belirlendi. %62.7'sinin (n=52) düşük, %37.3'ünün (n=31) orta derecede depresif olduğu belirlendi. Hem durumluk (35,57 ± 6,16) hem de sürekli (38,43 ± 6,41) kaygı puanları ortanca değerin üzerinde bulunmuştur. Çocukların depresyon ve anksiyete puan ortalamalarının cinsiyete ve anne-babanın çocukla ilgilenmesine göre farklılık gösterdiği belirlendi.
Sonuç: Sevgi evlerindeki çocukların pandemi sürecinde orta düzeyde anksiyete ve depresyon yaşadıkları belirlendi. En çok kaygı ve depresyon yaşayanların erkek ve anne-babası ilgilenmeyen çocuklar olduğu görüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anksiyete, Çocuk, COVID-19, Depresyon, Kamu Bakımı

Effects of COVID-19 on Children in Public Care; Depression and Anxiety Levels

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the status of children in public care being affected by the COVID-19.
Methods: The population of this descriptive study was composed of children between the ages of 7 and 12 living under the public care. 83 children were reached within the scope of the study. A questionnaire form, Beck Depression Scale for Children and State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children were used as data collection tools. Data were analyzed using descriptive analyzes and difference analyzes. Statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05.
Results: The mean age of the children is 11.18 ± 1.58 years. The mean fear score of the children due to the epidemic was 2.42 ± 1.34 according to themselves and 2.42 ± 1.22 according to the observer. The mean score of the children's Beck Depression Scale was determined as 5.51 ± 3.06. It was determined that 62.7% (n=52) were low and 37.3% (n=31) were moderately depressed. Both state (35.57 ± 6.16) and trait (38.43 ± 6.41) anxiety scores were found to be above the median value. It was determined that the depression and anxiety score averages of the children varied according to the genders and the parents' involvement with the child.
Conclusion: It was determined that children in public care experienced moderate anxiety and depression during the pandemic process. It was observed that those who experienced anxiety and depression the most were men and children whose parents were not interested.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anxiety, Child, COVID-19, Depression, Public Care.

Kaynakça

• F. Jiang, L. Deng, L. Zhang, Y. Cai, C. W. Cheung, Z. Xia, “Review of the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)”. Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 35, no. 5, pp.1545-1549, 2020.
• W. Xia, J. Shao, Y. Guo, X. Peng, Z. Li, D. Hu, “Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID‐19 infection: Different points from adults”. Pediatric Pulmonology, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1169-1174, 2020.
• J.F. Ludvigsson, “Systematic review of COVID‐19 in children show milder cases and a better prognosis than adults”. Acta Paediatrica, vol. 109, no. 6, pp. 1088-1095, 2020.
• E. N. Antonova, C. E. Rycroft, C. S. Ambrose, T. Heikkinen, N. Principi, “Burden of paediatric influenza in Western Europe: A systematic review”. BMC Public Health, vol. 12, pp. 968, 2012.
• R. M. Anderson, H. Heesterbeek, D. Klinkenberg, T. D. Hollingsworth, “How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic”. The Lancet, vol. 395, no:10228, pp. 931-934, 2020.
• M. Cascella, M. Rajnik, A. Cuomo, S. C. Dulebohn, R. Di Napoli, “Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19)”. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/, 2021.
• M. Nicola, N. O’Neill, C. Sohrabi, M. Khan, M. Agha, R. Agha, “Evidence Based Management Guideline for the COVID-19 Pandemic-Review article”. International Journal of Surgery, vol. 77, pp. 206-216, 2020.
• World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019, 2019.
• M. Baghchechi, J. Dunn, N. Jaipaul, S. E. “Jacob art of prevention: Life in the time of Coronavirus”. International Journal of Women's Dermatology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 137-141, 2020.
• A. T. Cruz, S. L. Zeichner, “COVID-19 in children: initial characterization of the pediatric disease”. Pediatrics, vol. 145, no. 6, pp. 1-4, 2020.
• Y. Dong, X. Mo, Y. Hu, X. Qi, F. Jiang, Z. Jiang, S. Tong, “Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China”. Pediatrics, 2020. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0702
• P. I. Lee, Y. L. Hu, P. Y. Chen, Y. C. Huang, P. R. Hsueh, “Are children less susceptible to COVID-19?”. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 371-372, 2020.
• Q. Lu, Y. Shi, “Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and neonate: What neonatologist need to know”. Journal of Medical Virology, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 564-567, 2020.
• E. Bulut, İ. Kahriman, “COVID-19 and Child Health”. Ulutaşdemir N, Kahriman İ (Ed). In Child Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic. IKSAD Publishing House, pp. 5-30, Ankara, Turkey.
• N. Hisli, “A study on the validity of the Beck Depression Inventory”. Turkish Journal of Psychology, vol. 6, no. 22, pp. 118–26, 1998.
• H. Ş. Özusta, “A study of adaptation, validity and reliability of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children”. Turkish Journal of Psychology, vol. 10, no. 34, 32-33, 1995.
• M. Di Giuseppe, M. Miniati, M. Miccoli, et al, “Defensive responses to stressful life events associated with cancer diagnosis”. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-22, 2020.
• G. Akoğlu, T. Karaaslan, “Possible psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 and isolation process on children”. İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Health Science Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 99-103, 2020.
• W. Y. Jiao, L. N. Wang, J. Liu, et al, “Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic”. The Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 221, pp. 264–266, 2020.
• G. Wang, Y. Zhang, J. Zhao, J. Zhang, F. Jiang, “Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak”. The Lancet, vol. 395, no. 10228, pp. 945-947, 2020.
• S. Zhou, L. Zhang, L. Wang, et al, “Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19”. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 749-758, 2020.
• L. Liang, H. Ren, R. Cao, et al, “The effect of COVID-19 on youth mental health”. Psychiatric Quarterly, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 841-852, 2020.
• E. Kara, “The function of the social service workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic in disadvantaged groups”. Turkish Journal of Social Work Research, vol. 4, no. 1, 28-34, 2020.
• M. E. Loades, E. Chatburn, N. Higson-Sweeney, et al, “Rapid systematic review: The impact of social ısolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19”. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 1218-1239, 2020.
• D. J. Schonfeld, T. Demaria, “Providing psychosocial support to children and families in the aftermath of disasters and crises”. Pediatrics, vol. 136, no. 4, pp. e1120-e1130, 2015.
• S. Liu, L. Yang, C. Zhang, et al, “Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak”. The Lancet Psychiatry, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. e17-e18, 2020.