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Nefes Almanın Ötesinde: Yaşam Boyu Sağlık ve Çocukluk Çağı Hastalıklarının Belirleyicisi Olarak Hava Kirliliği

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 34 - 36, 19.01.2026

Öz

Hava kirliliği, gestasyon döneminden ergenliğe ve yetişkinliğe uzanan sonuçlarıyla pediatrik sağlık için kritik ve yaygın bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu yorum, hem ambient (dış ortam) hem de hane içi hava kirliliğinin çocuk gelişimi üzerindeki zararlı etkilerine ilişkin mevcut kanıtları sentezlemektedir. Partikül madde (PM₂.₅, PM₁₀), nitrojen dioksit (NO₂) ve ozon (O₃) gibi kirleticilere, kritik hassasiyet pencereleri olan—hızlı organ gelişimi ve olgunlaşmamış detoksifikasyon yolları ile karakterize edilen—dönemlerde maruz kalma, önemli bir hastalık yükü oluşturur. Morbidite yelpazesi oldukça geniş olup, konjenital anomalilere (kardiyovasküler, orofasiyal, ürogenital, sinir sistemi) yol açan teratojenik etkileri, solunum yolu hastalıklarını (zatürre, astım, hırıltı) ve alerjik hastalıklar (egzama, rinit) olarak kendini gösteren immün düzensizliği kapsar. Bunlar geçici durumlar değil, zayıf sağlık, artan sağlık hizmeti bağımlılığı ve azalmış yaşam boyu potansiyel için bir yörünge oluşturan kronik enflamatuar durumlardır. Bu sessiz halk sağlığı acil durumunun ele alınması çok yönlü bir yaklaşım gerektirir. Ebeveynlerin ve bakım verenlerin azaltma stratejileri konusunda eğitim yoluyla güçlendirilmesi, sistemsel değişikliklerle desteklenmelidir. Sağlık hizmeti sağlayıcıları, çevre sağlığını klinik uygulamaya ve savunuculuğa entegre etmelidir. Nihayetinde, hükümetler ve politika yapıcılar, katı hava kalitesi standartlarını yürürlüğe koyma ve uygulama, izleme altyapısına yatırım yapma ve temiz enerji ve hane yakıtlarına büyük ölçekli geçişi kolaylaştırma konusunda en büyük sorumluluğa sahiptir. Çocukların sağlığını hava kirliliğinden korumak, derin bir ahlaki zorunluluk ve kolektif geleceğimiz için en kritik yatırımdır.

Kaynakça

  • Demirtas MS, Kocagozoglu SG, Yalcin SS. YouTube as a source of information about air pollution on children's health: importance for public health. Int J Environ Health Res. 2025; 35:3123-3132.
  • Demirtas MS, Yalçın SS, Tusat M, Ozmen I, Basar D, Calapoglu AS, et al. Association between air pollution and climate parameters exposure during the periconceptional period and hypospadias risk in Turkish offspring: A case-control study. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2025:102675.
  • Hu Q, Zhao F, Yang Y, Lu S, Xie Y, Geng J, et al. Association between ambient air pollution and risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2025; 25:2663.
  • Li L, Zhang N, Wu X, Feng T, Zhao Z, Pang Y, et al. Exposure to air pollution is associated with congenital anomalies in the population born by in vitro fertilization. Environ Res. 2022; 207:112161.
  • Natnael T, Hassen S, Kinfe B, Yirdaw AT, Yimer SA, Kassa Y, et al. Indoor air pollution prevention practices and associated factors among mothers with under-five children in peri-urban areas of Dessie city, Northeastern Ethiopia. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):24745.
  • Çaylan N, Nergiz ME, Yalçın SS. İklim Değişikliği ve Konjenital Anomaliler. Turkiye Klinikleri Social Pediatrics-Special Topics. 2022;3(2):59-73.
  • Farhi A, Boyko V, Almagor J, Benenson I, Segre E, Rudich Y, et al. The possible association between exposure to air pollution and the risk for congenital malformations. Environ Res. 2014; 135:173-180.
  • Fonderson MS, van Meel ER, Willers S, Bindels PJE, Burdorf A, Bohnen A, et al. Short-term effects of air pollution on childhood respiratory symptoms in general practice: a time-series analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9: e002892.
  • Kim B-J, Hong S-J. Ambient air pollution and allergic diseases in children. Korean J Pediatr. 2012;55(6):185-192.
  • Ai S, Liu L, Xue Y, Cheng X, Li M, Deng Q. Prenatal exposure to air pollutants associated with allergic diseases in children: which pollutant, when exposure, and what disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2024;66(2):149-163.
  • Brumberg HL, Karr CJ, AAP Council On Environmental Health. Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards to Children. Pediatrics. 2021;147(6): e2021051484
  • Wang C, Li J, Li J, Li Y, Li C, Ren L. What can be done to protect toddlers from air pollution: Current evidence. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2024;76: e50-e59.
  • Allen RW, Barn P. Individual-and household-level interventions to reduce air pollution exposures and health risks: a review of the recent literature. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2020;7(4):424-440.

Beyond Breathing: Air Pollution as a Determinant of Lifelong Health and Childhood Morbidity

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 34 - 36, 19.01.2026

Öz

Air pollution represents a critical and pervasive threat to pediatric health, with consequences extending from gestation through adolescence and into adulthood. This commentary synthesizes current evidence on the detrimental effects of both ambient and household air pollution on child development. Exposure to pollutants such as particulate matter (PM₂.₅, PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and ozone (O₃) during critical windows of vulnerability—characterized by rapid organ development and immature detoxification pathways—inflicts a significant burden of disease. The spectrum of morbidity is vast, encompassing teratogenic effects leading to congenital anomalies (cardiovascular, orofacial, urogenital, nervous system), respiratory illnesses (pneumonia, asthma, wheezing), and immune dysregulation manifesting as allergic diseases (eczema, rhinitis). These are not transient conditions but chronic inflammatory states that establish a trajectory of poor health, increased healthcare dependency, and diminished lifelong potential. Addressing this silent public health emergency requires a multifaceted approach. Empowerment of parents and caregivers through education on mitigation strategies must be supported by systemic change. Healthcare providers must integrate environmental health into clinical practice and advocacy. Ultimately, governmental policymakers bear the greatest responsibility to enact and enforce stringent air quality standards, invest in monitoring infrastructure, and facilitate a large-scale transition to clean energy and household fuels. safeguarding children's health from air pollution is a profound moral imperative and the most critical investment in our collective future.

Etik Beyan

None

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Teşekkür

None

Kaynakça

  • Demirtas MS, Kocagozoglu SG, Yalcin SS. YouTube as a source of information about air pollution on children's health: importance for public health. Int J Environ Health Res. 2025; 35:3123-3132.
  • Demirtas MS, Yalçın SS, Tusat M, Ozmen I, Basar D, Calapoglu AS, et al. Association between air pollution and climate parameters exposure during the periconceptional period and hypospadias risk in Turkish offspring: A case-control study. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2025:102675.
  • Hu Q, Zhao F, Yang Y, Lu S, Xie Y, Geng J, et al. Association between ambient air pollution and risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2025; 25:2663.
  • Li L, Zhang N, Wu X, Feng T, Zhao Z, Pang Y, et al. Exposure to air pollution is associated with congenital anomalies in the population born by in vitro fertilization. Environ Res. 2022; 207:112161.
  • Natnael T, Hassen S, Kinfe B, Yirdaw AT, Yimer SA, Kassa Y, et al. Indoor air pollution prevention practices and associated factors among mothers with under-five children in peri-urban areas of Dessie city, Northeastern Ethiopia. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):24745.
  • Çaylan N, Nergiz ME, Yalçın SS. İklim Değişikliği ve Konjenital Anomaliler. Turkiye Klinikleri Social Pediatrics-Special Topics. 2022;3(2):59-73.
  • Farhi A, Boyko V, Almagor J, Benenson I, Segre E, Rudich Y, et al. The possible association between exposure to air pollution and the risk for congenital malformations. Environ Res. 2014; 135:173-180.
  • Fonderson MS, van Meel ER, Willers S, Bindels PJE, Burdorf A, Bohnen A, et al. Short-term effects of air pollution on childhood respiratory symptoms in general practice: a time-series analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9: e002892.
  • Kim B-J, Hong S-J. Ambient air pollution and allergic diseases in children. Korean J Pediatr. 2012;55(6):185-192.
  • Ai S, Liu L, Xue Y, Cheng X, Li M, Deng Q. Prenatal exposure to air pollutants associated with allergic diseases in children: which pollutant, when exposure, and what disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2024;66(2):149-163.
  • Brumberg HL, Karr CJ, AAP Council On Environmental Health. Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards to Children. Pediatrics. 2021;147(6): e2021051484
  • Wang C, Li J, Li J, Li Y, Li C, Ren L. What can be done to protect toddlers from air pollution: Current evidence. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2024;76: e50-e59.
  • Allen RW, Barn P. Individual-and household-level interventions to reduce air pollution exposures and health risks: a review of the recent literature. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2020;7(4):424-440.
Toplam 13 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Editöre Mektup
Yazarlar

Mehmet Semih Demirtaş 0000-0003-2965-1811

Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 18 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

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