RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMAS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE

Öz

Early maladaptive schemas are defined as structures or patterns that develop throughout childhood and adolescence, consist of memories, cognitions, senses, and physical sensations, are dysfunctional, hurt an individual's self-perception and interpersonal relationships, and emerge throughout life (Young et al., 2003). It's also defined as a person's ability to overcome challenges, problems, uncertainties, and a variety of other adversities while still succeeding. The maladaptive schemas that an individual develops during childhood and adolescence can harm the functionality of the individual. Accordingly, psychological resilience is one of the factors that help prevent maladaptive schemas and maladaptive behaviours that develop despite risk factors. As a result, we investigate the link between early maladaptive schemas and psychological resilience, as well as the link between psychological resilience and the age factor. Personal Information Form, Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form 3 (YSQ/S3), Scale Adult Resilience Scale, was applied to the participants. Spearman and Pearson correlation analyzes and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis were used in the process of transforming the data into findings. The participants consist of 319 adults, 217 (%68) women, and 102 men (%32) volunteers. The youngest participant was 18 years old and the oldest 51 years old (M=31, SD=6). According to the findings of study, it has found a negative connection between psychological resilience and early maladaptive schema are "emotional deprivation, social isolation/alienation, defectiveness, emotional inhibition, dependence/incompetence, abandonment, vulnerability to harm or illness, failure to achieve, negativity/pessimism, insufficient self-control/self-discipline, self-sacrifice, punitiveness, unrelenting standards, approval-seeking" sub-dimensions and there is no relationship only between psychological resilience and unrelenting standards. It is seen that the independent variables of nesting/dependence and vulnerability predict the dependent variable of resilience and explain 22% of the total variance. It was observed that the effect of the sub-dimensions of nesting/dependence and vulnerability were negative. It was found that the variable that most explained psychological resilience was nesting/dependence. In addition, it has been determined that psychological resilience is related to the age factor, and as the age level increases, the psychological resilience also increases. Understanding the role of psychological resilience in adults life can help them improve their stress management self-efficacy, psychological well-being and their general quality of life. Also it is thought that understanding the role of early maldaptive schemas on psychological resilience gives clinitians the way to solving problems or maintaining health along with schema therapy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Early Maladaptive Schemas
• Psychological Resilience
• Age

ERKEN DÖNEM UYUMSUZ ŞEMALAR VE PSİKOLOJİK DAYANIKLILIK İLİŞKİSİ

Öz

Erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar, çocukluk ve ergenlik boyunca gelişen, anılar, bilişler, duyular ve fiziksel duyumlardan oluşan, bireyin işlevsiz olan, benlik algısını ve kişilerarası ilişkilerini zedeleyen ve yaşam boyunca ortaya çıkan yapılar veya örüntülerdir. Psikolojik dayanıklılık kişinin başarılı kalırken, engeller, zorluklar, belirsizlik ve diğer çeşitli olumsuz koşullarla başa çıkma kapasitesi olup bireyin işlevselliğine zarar verebilen uyumsuz şemaların önlenmesine yardımcı olan faktörlerden biridir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar ile psikolojik dayanıklılık arasındaki ilişki ve psikolojik dayanıklılık ile yaş faktörü arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Katılımcılara, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Young Şema Ölçeği, Yetişkin Dayanıklılık Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Ölçeklerden elde edilen verilerin bulgulara dönüştürülmesinde Spearman ve Pearson Korelasyon Analizleri ile Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Katılımcılar, 217 (%68) kadın ve 102 erkek (%32) olmak üzere 319 yetişkin gönüllüden oluşmaktadır. En genç katılımcı 18, en yaşlı 51 yaşındadır (E=31, SS=6). Araştırma sonuçlarına göre psikolojik dayanıklılık ile erken dönem uyumsuz şema alt boyutları olan “duygusal yoksunluk, sosyal izolasyon/güvensizlik, kusurluluk, duyguları bastırma, iç içe geçme/bağımlılık, terk edilme, tehditler karşısında dayanıksızlık, başarısızlık, karamsarlık, ayrıcalıklılık/yetersiz öz denetim, kendini feda, cezalandırma, yüksek standartlar, onay arayıcılık” boyutlarında olup, yalnızca psikolojik dayanıklılık ile erken dönem uyumsuz şema alt boyutu olan “yüksek standartlar” arasında ilişki yoktur. Bulgular “iç içe geçme/bağımlılık” ve “tehditler karşısında dayanıksızlık” bağımsız değişkenlerinin, dayanıklılığın bağımlı değişkenini yordadığı ve toplam varyansın %22'sini açıkladığını ortaya koymaktadır. İç içe geçme/bağımlılık ve tehditler karşısında dayanıksızlık alt boyutlarının etkisinin olumsuz olduğu görülmüştür. Psikolojik dayanıklılığı en çok açıklayan değişkenin iç içe geçme/bağımlılık olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca psikolojik dayanıklılığın yaş faktörü ile ilişkili olduğu ve yaş düzeyi arttıkça psikolojik dayanıklılığın da arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Yetişkinlerin yaşamında psikolojik dayanıklılığın rolünü anlamanın, bireylerin stres yönetimi öz yeterliliklerini, psikolojik iyilik hallerini ve genel yaşam kalitelerini geliştirmelerine yardımcı olacağı, ayrıca erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların psikolojik dayanıklılık üzerindeki rolünü anlamak, klinisyenlere şema terapi ile birlikte problem çözme veya sağlığı koruma yolu vereceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Erken Dönem Uyumsuz Şemalar
• Psikolojik Dayanıklılık
• Yaş

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