Pestisitler: Sınıflandırmaları, Toksikolojik etkileri ve Tespiti

Öz

Pestisitler, tarımda böcekleri, zararlıları ve yabani otları yok etmek için yaygın olarak kullanılan kimyasal bileşiklerdir. Pestisitler, günümüzde tarım başta olmak üzere belirli uygulamaların vazgeçilmez bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Küresel olarak, ~40 milyar USD bütçe ile her yıl yaklaşık 3 milyar kg pestisit kullanılmaktadır. Tehlikeli pestisitlerin yoğun kullanımı ve toksikolojik etkisi, çeşitli çevresel matrisler ve insanlar üzerinde doğrudan biyolojik birikim yoluyla veya dolaylı olarak gıda zinciri yoluyla olumsuz sonuçlar doğurur. Çevrede birçok tehlikeli pestisitin kullanımını yasaklayan düzenlemeler mevcuttur. Bu nedenle, muhtemelen yeni ve geleneksel yöntemlerin bir kombinasyonu yoluyla, pestisitlerin güçlü tespiti ve tamamen azaltılması için çaba gösterilmelidir. Yüksek derecede tehlikeli pestisitler, enzimatik inhibisyon ve oksidatif stres indüksiyonu yoluyla insan sağlığı ve çevre için bir risk oluştururlar. Bu nedenle, hızlı ve hassas algılama stratejileri geliştirmek, çoklu pestisitleri tespit etmek ve ölçmek ve belirli matriste bulunan pestisitleri zararlı türevler oluşturmadan ortadan kaldırmak için çok önemlidir. Bu derleme, pestisitler, toksikolojik etkileri ve analitik algılama ve tespit yöntemleri hakkında bilgi vermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pestisit
• toksisite
• çevresel etki
• analitik tespit.

Kaynakça

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