DİAGNOSTİC METHODS USED İN THE DETECTİON OF ROOT CANAL PATHOGENS

Öz

Nowadays, it is known that endodontic infections are polymicrobial and there are 3-12 kinds of bacteria in an infected root canal. Flare-ups, periapical destructions and persistent endodontic infections related bacteria and the identification of these bacteria are highly important and topical issues in endodontics. Microscopy, culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing, immunological and molecular biological methods have been used to detect pathogens in root canal. Today, in vitro DNA replication is provided by moleculer methods in three stages named denaturation, primer binding and extension of primers, thus millions of copies of a gene can be achieved by PCR. The aim of this review is to provide information about the methods used to determine the root canal pathogens and to introduce the molecular genetic methods. Especially, it is aimed to discuss the gene targets for microbial identification, PCR and its derivates for specific use, the advantages and disadvantages of PCR for microbial identification

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endodontic microbiology, diagnostic methods, polymerase chain reaction, root canal pathogens

KÖK KANAL PATOJENLERİNİN TESPİTİNDE KULLANILAN TANI YÖNTEMLERİ

Öz

Günümüzde kök kanal enfeksiyonlarının polimikrobiyal olduğu ve enfekte bir kök kanalında sayısı 3-12 arasında değişebilen bakteri türü bulunduğu bilinmektedir. Endodontide ağrılı alevlenmeler, periapikal yıkım ve inatçı enfeksiyonlar ile ilişkili spesifik bakteriler ve bu bakterilerin tanımlanması son derece önemli ve güncel konulardır. Kök kanal patojenlerinin tespit edilmesinde mikroskopi,  kültür yöntemleri ve antibiyotik duyarlılık testleri,  immünolojik ve moleküler biyolojik yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde moleküler yöntemlerle denatürasyon, primerin bağlanması ve uzama olarak adlandırılan üç aşama ile DNA’ nın in vitro replikasyonu sağlanmakta yani PZR (Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu) ile bir genin milyonlarca kopyası elde edilebilmektedir. Bu derlemede amaç kök kanal patojenlerinin saptanmasında kullanılan yöntemler hakkında bilgi vermek ve moleküler genetik yöntemlerin tanıtılmasıdır. Özellikle mikrobiyal tanımlama için kullanılacak gen hedefleri, PZR (Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu) ve spesifik kullanımlar için geliştirilen türevleri, endodontik mikrobiyal tanımlama açısından PZR kullanımının avantaj ve dezavantajlarının tartışılması hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endodontik mikrobiyoloji, kök kanal patojenleri, Polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu, tanı yöntemleri

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