CORROSION IN TITANIUM DENTAL IMPLANTS

Öz

Titanium has long been regarded as an inert and biocompatible metal, ideal for biomedical applications such as dental implants or joint replacements. However, concerns about the biocompatibility of Ti have lately arisen. In spite of recent innovative metallurgical and technological advances and remarkable progress in the design and development of surgical and dental materials, failures do occur. One of the reasons for these failures can be corrosion of dental implants. When the mechanisms that ensure implant bioacceptance and structural stabilization are fully understood, implant failures will become a rare occurrence, provided that they are used properly and placed in sites for which they are indicated. The article is presented keeping in view of carrying out different studies for titanium dental implant and alloys and aims to evaluate galvanic corrosion around developed titanium dental implants

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dental,Implant,Titanium,Cytokine,Corrosion

TİTANYUM DENTAL İMPLANTLARDA KOROZYON

Öz

Titanyum (Ti), biyouyumlu ve inert bir materyaldir. Bu nedenle biomedikal uygulamaların yapıldığı diş hekimliği ve ortopedi gibi alanlarda sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Ancak son zamanlarda titanyumun biyouyumluluğu hakkında olumsuz düşünceler ileri sürülmektedir. Ti ve alaşımlarının korozyona uğraması ve oluşan korozyon ürünlerinin kandaki ve dokulardaki seviyesi günümüzde bilim adamlarınca tartışılmaktadır. Günümüzde metalurjik ve teknikolojik gelişmelere, ve cerrahi ve dental materyal tasarımlarındaki ilerlemelere rağmen, dental implantlarda başarısızlıklar görülebil- mektedir. Bu durumun nedenlerinden birisi de koroz- yon olabilir. İmplantların biyolojik olarak vücut tara- fından kabul edilebilmesi ve yapısal bütünlüğünün korunması tam olarak anlaşılabildiğinde, implant kaybı çok nadir görülen bir olay haline gelebilir. Bu makalede titanyum dental implant ve alaşımlarını inceleyen araştırmaların sunulması ve titanyum dental implantlar etrafında oluşan galvanik korozyonun değerlendirilmesi amaçlamaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dental, İmplant,Titanyum,Sitokin,Korozyon

Kaynakça

1. McGarry S, Morgan SJ, Grosskreuz RM, Williams AE, Smith WR. Serum titanium levels in individuals undergoing intramedullary femoral nailing with titanium implant. J Trauma 2008;64:430-3.
2. Adya N, Alam M, Ravindranath T, Mubeen A, Saluja B. Corrosion in titanium dental implants: literature review. J Indian Prosth Soc 2005;5:1126- 231.
3. Taş AC. Synthesis of Biomimetic Ca-Hydroxyapatite Powders at 37ºC in Synyhetic BodyFluids. Biomaterials 2000;21:1429-38.
4. Frisken KW, Dandie GW, Lugowski S, Jordan G. A study of titanium release into body organs following the insertion of single threaded screw implants into the mandibles of sheep. Aust Dent J 2002;47:214-7.
5. Browne M, Gregson PJ. Surface Modification of Titanium 1993;15:894-8. Biomaterials
6. Van Noort R. Titanium: The Implant Mater of Today. J Material Science 1987;22: 3801-11.
7. Brune D, Evje DM, Melsom S. Corrosion of gold alloys and titanium in artificial saliva. Scand J Dent Research 1982;90:168-71.
8. Meyer U, Bühner M, Büchter A, Kruse-Löster B, Stamm T, Wiesmann HP. Fast element mapping of titanium wear around implants of different surface structures. Clin Oral Implants Res 2006;17:206-11.

9. Bergman M, Bergman B, Söremark R. Tissue accumulation of nickel released due to electrochemical corrosion of non-precious dental casting alloys. J Oral Rehabil 1980;7:325-30.
10. Wright DC, Gallant RF, Spangberg L. Correlation of corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity in Au-Cu-Ag ternary alloys. J Biomed Material Research 1982;16:509-17.
11. Clark GCF, Williams DF. The effects of proteins on metallic corrosion. J Biomed Material Research 1982;16:125-34.
12. Chaturvedi TP. An overview of the corrosion aspect of dental implants. Indian J Dent Res. 2009;20:91- 8.
13. Jacobs JJ, Gilbert JL, Urbani RM. Corrosion of metal orhopaedic implants. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1988;80:268-82.
14. Rae T. The biological response to titanium and titanium-aluminum-vanadium Biomaterials 1986;7:30-6. alloy particles.
15. Sedarat C, Harmand MF, Naji A, Nowzari H. In vitro kinetic evaluation of titanium alloy biodegradation. J Periodontal Res 2001;36:269-74.
16. Sarmiento-González A, Marchante-Gayón JM, Tejerina-Lobo JM, Paz-Jiménez J, Sanz-Medel A. ICP-MS multielemental determination of metals potentially released from dental implants and articular prostheses in human biological fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005;382:1001-9.
17. Berg E, Wagner WC, Davik G, Doota ER. Mechanical properties of laser welded cast and wrought titanium. J Prost Dent 1995;74:250-7.
18. Chern Lin JH, Ju CP. Biocorrosion study of titanium-nickel 1996;23:129-34. J Oral Rehabilit
19. Könönen M, Rintanen J, Waltimo A, Kempainen P. Titanium framework removable partial denture used for patients allergic to other metals: a clinical report and literature review. J Prost Dent 1995;73:4-7.
20. Lautenschlager EP, Monaghan B. Titanium and titanium alloys as dental materials. Int Dent J 1993;43:245-53.
21. Reclaru L, Meyer JM. Study of corrosion between a titanium implant and dental alloys. J Dent 1994;22:159-68.
22. Vallittu PK, Kokkonen M. Deflection fatigue of cobalt-chromium, titanium and gold alloy cast denture clasp. J Prost Dent 1995;74:412-9.
23. Canay Ş, Hersek N, Çulha A, Bilgiç S. Evaluation of titanium in oral conditions and its electrochemical corrosion behaviour. J Oral Rehab 1998;25:759-64.
24. Cai Z, Nakajima H, Woldu M, Berglund A, Bergman M, Okabe T. In vitro corrosion resistance of titanium made using different fabrication methods. Biomaterials 1999;20:183-90.
25. Nakagawa M, Matsuya S, Shiraishi T, Ohta M. Effect of fluoride concentration and pH on corrosion behaviour of titanium for dental use. J Dent Research 1999;78: 1568-72.
26. Kuphasuk C, Oshida Y, Andres CJ, Hovijitra ST, Barco MT, Brown DT. Electrochemical corrosion of titanium and titanium-based alloys. J Prost Dent 2001;85:195-202.
27. Horasawa N, Takahashi S, Marek M. Galvanic interaction between titanium and gallium alloy or dental amalgam. Dent Material 1999;15:318-22.
28. Chern Lin JH, Ju CP. Biocorrosion study of titanium-nickel alloys. J Oral Rehab 1996;23:129- 34.
29. Kedici SP, Abbas Aksüt A, Kılıçarslan MA, Bayramoğlu G. Corrosion behaviour of dental metals and alloys in different media. J Oral Rehab 1998; 25:800-8.
30. Khan MA, Williams RL, Williams DF. The corrosion behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-7Nb, and Ti-13Nb- 13Zr in protein solutions. Biomaterial 1999;20:631- 7.
31. Yoruc ABH, Gulay O, Sener BC. Examination of the properties of Ti-Al-4V based plates after oral and maxillofacial application. J Optoelec Advan Materials 2007;9:2627.
32. Silva HM, Schneider SG, Neto CM. Study of nontoxic aluminum and vanadium-free titanium alloys for biomedical applications. Mater Scie Engin 2004;24:679.
33. Schiephake H, Neukam FW, Schmelzeisen R, Wichmann M. Long-term results of endosteal implant used for restoration of oral function after oncologic surgery. Int J Oral Maxillafac Surg 1999;28:260-5.
34. Matthew IR, Frame JW. Ultrastructural analysis of metal particles released from stainless steel and titanium miniplate components in an animal model. J Oral Maxillofac Imp 1998;2:197-202.
35. Messer RL, Tackas G, Mickalonis J, Brown Y, Lewis JB, Wataha JC. Corrosion of machined titanium dental implants under inflammatory conditions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009;88:474- 81.