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The Importance Of The Risk Assessment In The Preventıon Of Early Chıldhood Carıes

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 106 - 115, 01.01.2013

Öz

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) which is a preventable and an infectious disease caused by transmission of Mutans streptococci from mother to their children is significant public health problem in both the developed and developing countries. Nowadays, strategies for preventing ECC were concentrated on the concept of risk assessment, which is aimed to the determination of the likelihood of the incidence of caries during a certain time period. This concept is different to the multifactorial risk determination focused on evaluation of biological, demographic and dieatary factors and the evaluation the prevalance and incidence of caries lesions. Risk assessment, which is necessary component in the clinical decision making process provides to detect caries in its earliest stages and to determine the likelihood of the incidence of caries lesions. To prevent caries, high – risk childrens must be identified at on early age, and effective strategies including behaviour modification and preventive interventions should be adopted. Therefore, health professionals who deal with children’s general health and oral health have an important role in the stage of prevention and early diagnosis of dental caries. In this context, they should be trained to perform an oral health risk assessment on all children beginning by 6 months of age. Thus, during the formal and continuing education of medicine and dentistry the compherensive, useful and evidenced information must be given to the students and health professionals about etiology, epidemiology, risk assessment of the ECC, the preventive treatment modalities and behavior change, and it must be integrated to the practice programs.

Kaynakça

  • Milnes AR. Description and epidemiology of nursing caries . J Publ Health Dent 1996; 56: 38 – 50.
  • Vadiakas G. Case definition, aetiology and risk assessment of early childhood caries (ECC): a revisited review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008;9:114–25.
  • Gökalp S ve ark. Beş, Oniki ve Onbeş Yaş Çocukların Ağız Diş Sağlığı Profili, Türkiye–2004. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Dişhekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2007; 31: 3–10.
  • Ölmez S, Uzamiş M. Risk factors of early childhood caries in Turkish children. Turk J Pediatr 2002 Jul-Sep;44:230–6.
  • Ölmez S, Uzamiş M, Erdem G. Association between early childhood caries and clinical, microbiological, oral hygiene and dietary variables in rural Turkish children. Turk J Pediatr 2003 JulSep; 45:231–6.
  • Namal N, Vehit HE, Can G. Risk factors for dental caries in Turkish preschool children. Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2005 Sep;23:115–8.
  • Drury TF et al. Diagnosing and reporting early childhood caries for research purposes. A report of a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, the Health Resources and Services Administration, and the Health Care Financing Administration. J Publ Health Dent 1999;59:192–7.
  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on early childhood caries (ECC): Classifications, consequences, and prevention strategies. Pediatr Dent 2008;29:39-41.
  • Veerkamp JS, Weerheijm KL. Nursing-bottle caries: the importance of a development perspective. ASDC J Dent Child 1995 Nov-Dec;62:381–6.
  • Weinstraub JA. Prevention of early childhood caries: a public health perspective. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998; 26: 62-6.
  • Ramos-Gomez FJ et al. Bacterial, behavioral and environmental factors associated with early childhood caries. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2002; 26: 165–73.
  • Tinanoff N, O’Sullivan DM. Early childhood caries: overview and recent findings. Pediatr Dent 1997 Jan-Feb;19:12-6.
  • Ramos-Gomez FJ, Shepard DS. Cost-effectiveness model for prevention of early childhood caries. J Calif Dent Assoc 1999 Jul;27:539–44.
  • Ramos-Gomez FJ et al. Caries risk assessment appropriate for the age 1 visit (infants and toddlers). J Calif Dent Assoc 2007 Oct;35:687-702.
  • Young DA et al. Caries management by risk assessment: implementation guidelines. J Calif Dent Assoc 2007 Nov;35:799–805.
  • Douglass JM, Douglass AB, Silk HJ. A practical guide to infant oral health. Am Fam Physician 2004 Dec 1;70:2113-20.
  • Tinanoff N, Douglass JM. Clinical decision-making for caries management in primary teeth. J Dent Educ 2001 Oct;65:1133-42.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy on oral health risk assessment timing and establishment of the dental home. Pediatrics 2003;111:1113-6.
  • Reich E, Lussi A,Newbrun E. Caries risk assessment. Int Dent J 1999; 49: 15-26.
  • Featherstone JD. Caries prevention and reversal based on the caries balance. Pediatr Dent. 2006 Mar-Apr;28:128-32.
  • Berkowitz RJ. Causes, Treatment and Prevention of Early Childhood Caries: A microbiologic Perspective. J Calif Dent Assoc 2003; 69: 304-7.
  • Berkowitz RJ. Mutans streptococci: acquisition and transmission. Pediatr Dent. 2006 Mar-Apr;28:106
  • Davey AL, Rogers AH. Multiple types of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in the human mouth and their intra- family transmisison. Arch Oral Biol 1984; 29: 453-60.
  • Berkowitz RJ, Turner J, Green P. Maternal salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and primary oral infection of infants. Arch Oral Biol 1981;26:147-9.
  • Wan AKL et al. Association of Streptococcus mutans infection and oral developmental nodules in pre-dentate infants. J Dent Res 2001; 80:1945–
  • Wan AKL et al. A Longitudinal Study of Streptococcus mutans Colonization in Infants after Tooth Eruption. J Dent Res 2003; 82: 504-8.
  • Kohler B, Bratthall D. Intrafamilial levels of Streptococcus mutansand some aspects of the bacterial transmission. Scand J Dent Res 1978; 86: 35-42.
  • Li Y et al. Mode of delivery and other maternal factors influence the acquisition of Streptococcus mutans in infants. J Dent Res 2005 Sep;84:806-11. Harris R et al. Risk factors for dental caries in young children: a systematic review of the literature. Community Dent Health 2004; 21: 71
  • Cogulu D et al. A long-term effect of caries-related factors in initially caries-free children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2008 Sep;18:361–7.
  • Ayna B et al. The relationship between early childhood caries with Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in a group of preschool children: Comparison of initial - first year results. Balkan Journal of Stomatology 2008; 12: 57-60.
  • Tinanoff N, Palmer CA. Dietary determinants of dental caries and dietary recommendations for preschool children. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 2000;60:197-206.
  • Nowak AJ. Rationale for the timing of the first oral evaluation. Pediatr Dent. 1997 Jan-Feb;19:8-11.
  • Nainar SM, Mohummed S. Diet counseling during the infant oral health visit. Pediatr Dent. 2004 SepOct;26:459-62.
  • Tinanoff N. Association of diet with dental caries in preschool children. Dent Clin North Am 2005 Oct;49:725-37.
  • Kırgızoğlu Z, Ertürk MSÖ, Imaz HK. Evaluation of dental caries and Nursing Caries prevalance in preschool children living a high fluoride area of Turkey. Fluoride 2004:37:278-90.
  • Maguire A, Rugg-Guun AJ, Butler TJ. Dental health of children taking antimicrobial and non – antimicrobial liquid oral medication long-term. Caries Res1996;30:16-21.
  • Erickson PR, Mazhari E. Investigation of the role of human breast milk in caries development. Pediatr Dent. 1999 Mar-Apr;21:86-90.
  • Ribeiro NM, Ribeiro MA. Breastfeeding and early childhood caries: a critical review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2004 Nov;80:199-210.
  • Valaitis R et al. A systematic review of the relationship between breastfeeding and early childhood caries. Can J Public Health 2000 NovDec;91:411-7.
  • European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Guidelines on the use of fluoride in children: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2009 Sep;10:129-35.
  • Marshall TA et al. Dental caries and beverage consumption in young children. Pediatrics 2003 Sep;112:184–91.
  • Minton KL, Berry CW. Cariogenic potential of presweetened breakfast cereals. Pediatr Dent 1985 Dec;7:282-6.
  • Davies GN. Early childhood caries--a synopsis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998;26:106-16.
  • Powell LV. Caries risk assessment: relevance to the practitioner. J Am Dent Assoc 1998 Mar;129:349
  • Adair SM. Evidence-based use of fluoride in contemporary pediatric dental practice. Pediatr Dent 2006 Mar-Apr;28:133-42.
  • Hausen H, Seppä L, Fejerskov O. Can caries be predicted? In: Thylstrup A, Fejerskov O, eds. Texbook of clinical cariology. 2 nd edn. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1994. p. 393-411.
  • Beck JD. Risk revisited. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998; 26: 220-5.
  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Council on Clinical Affairs. Policy on Use of a Caries-risk Assessment Tool (CAT) for Infants, Children, and Adolescents; Reference Manual 2006–2007: 24– Available online at: http://www.aapd.org/ media/policies_guidelines/p_cariesriskassess.pdf
  • Jenson L et al. Clinical protocols for caries management by risk assessment. J Calif Dent Assoc 2007 Oct;35:714-23. Casamassio PS. Risk assessment. In: Casamassio PS, editor. Bright Futures in Practice: Oral Health. Arlington, Va: NCEMCH ; 1996. p. 67 Preventive Oral Health Intervention for Pediatricians. Section on Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Health. Pediatrics 2008; 122: 1387-94.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı AÇSAP Genel Müdürlüğü. Bebek ve Çocuk İzlem Protokolü Genelgesi. Sayı : B100AÇS0140000- 351- 3178. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı AÇSAP Genel Müdürlüğü, 2008.
  • Nield LS, Stenger JP, Kamat D. Common Pediatric Dental Dilemmas. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2008 Mar;47:99-105.
  • Sanchez OM, Childers NK. Anticipatory Guidance in Infant Oral Health: Rationale and Recommendations. Am Fam Physician 2000 Jan 1;6:115-20, 123-4. Yazışma Adresi: Araş. Gör. Dr. Kadriye Peker
  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Diş Hekimliği Temel Tıp Bilimleri AD Çapa – İstanbul. Posta kodu: 34093 Tel: 0 212 414 20 20 (Dahili: 30325) GSM: O 542 573 84 92 Fax: 0 212 531 22 30
  • E– mail: kpeker@istanbul.edu.tr

Erken Dönem Süt Dişi Çürüklerinin Önlenmesinde Risk Değerlendirmesinin Önemi

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 106 - 115, 01.01.2013

Öz

Streptokokus mutans transmisyonu yoluyla anneden çocuğa geçen önlenebilir bir enfeksiyon hastalığı olan erken dönem çocukluk çağı çürükleri (EÇÇ), gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için önemli bir halk sağlığı problemidir. Günümüzde, EÇÇ’nin önlenmesine yönelik stratejiler belirli bir zaman periyodunda çürük insidans olasılığını saptanmayı amaçlayan risk değerlendirmesi kavramı üzerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bu kavram biyolojik, demografik, diyet faktörleri ile çürük lezyonlarının prevalans ve insidansının değerlendirmesi üzerine odaklanan multifaktöriyel risk değerlendirmesinden farklı bir kavramdır. Klinik karar verme sürecinin zaruri bir bileşeni olan risk değerlendirmesi, erken dönemde diş çürüklerinin tespit edilmesini ve çürük lezyonlarının oluşma olasılığının tayin edilmesini sağlar. Diş çürüklerinin önlenmesi için, erken dönemde yüksek çürük riski olan çocukların tespit edilmesi ve davranış değişimi ve koruyucu uygulamaları içeren etkin stratejilerin benimsenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, çocukların genel sağlığı ve ağız sağlığı ile ilgilenen sağlık uzmanları diş çürüklerinin erken tanısında ve önlenmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Bu kapsamda, bu sağlık uzmanlarının 6. ayın başından itibaren her çocuğun risk değerlendirmesini yapabilecek şekilde eğitilmiş olmaları gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, tıp ve diş hekimliği örgün ve sürekli eğitimi sürecinde, öğrencilere ve sağlık uzmanlarına EÇÇ’nin etyolojisi, epidemiyolojisi, risk değerlendirmesi, koruyucu tedavi yöntemleri ve davranış değişimi konusunda kapsamlı, kullanılabilir, kanıta dayalı bilgiler verilmeli ve bunlar pratik programlarına entegre edilmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • Milnes AR. Description and epidemiology of nursing caries . J Publ Health Dent 1996; 56: 38 – 50.
  • Vadiakas G. Case definition, aetiology and risk assessment of early childhood caries (ECC): a revisited review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008;9:114–25.
  • Gökalp S ve ark. Beş, Oniki ve Onbeş Yaş Çocukların Ağız Diş Sağlığı Profili, Türkiye–2004. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Dişhekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2007; 31: 3–10.
  • Ölmez S, Uzamiş M. Risk factors of early childhood caries in Turkish children. Turk J Pediatr 2002 Jul-Sep;44:230–6.
  • Ölmez S, Uzamiş M, Erdem G. Association between early childhood caries and clinical, microbiological, oral hygiene and dietary variables in rural Turkish children. Turk J Pediatr 2003 JulSep; 45:231–6.
  • Namal N, Vehit HE, Can G. Risk factors for dental caries in Turkish preschool children. Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2005 Sep;23:115–8.
  • Drury TF et al. Diagnosing and reporting early childhood caries for research purposes. A report of a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, the Health Resources and Services Administration, and the Health Care Financing Administration. J Publ Health Dent 1999;59:192–7.
  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on early childhood caries (ECC): Classifications, consequences, and prevention strategies. Pediatr Dent 2008;29:39-41.
  • Veerkamp JS, Weerheijm KL. Nursing-bottle caries: the importance of a development perspective. ASDC J Dent Child 1995 Nov-Dec;62:381–6.
  • Weinstraub JA. Prevention of early childhood caries: a public health perspective. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998; 26: 62-6.
  • Ramos-Gomez FJ et al. Bacterial, behavioral and environmental factors associated with early childhood caries. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2002; 26: 165–73.
  • Tinanoff N, O’Sullivan DM. Early childhood caries: overview and recent findings. Pediatr Dent 1997 Jan-Feb;19:12-6.
  • Ramos-Gomez FJ, Shepard DS. Cost-effectiveness model for prevention of early childhood caries. J Calif Dent Assoc 1999 Jul;27:539–44.
  • Ramos-Gomez FJ et al. Caries risk assessment appropriate for the age 1 visit (infants and toddlers). J Calif Dent Assoc 2007 Oct;35:687-702.
  • Young DA et al. Caries management by risk assessment: implementation guidelines. J Calif Dent Assoc 2007 Nov;35:799–805.
  • Douglass JM, Douglass AB, Silk HJ. A practical guide to infant oral health. Am Fam Physician 2004 Dec 1;70:2113-20.
  • Tinanoff N, Douglass JM. Clinical decision-making for caries management in primary teeth. J Dent Educ 2001 Oct;65:1133-42.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy on oral health risk assessment timing and establishment of the dental home. Pediatrics 2003;111:1113-6.
  • Reich E, Lussi A,Newbrun E. Caries risk assessment. Int Dent J 1999; 49: 15-26.
  • Featherstone JD. Caries prevention and reversal based on the caries balance. Pediatr Dent. 2006 Mar-Apr;28:128-32.
  • Berkowitz RJ. Causes, Treatment and Prevention of Early Childhood Caries: A microbiologic Perspective. J Calif Dent Assoc 2003; 69: 304-7.
  • Berkowitz RJ. Mutans streptococci: acquisition and transmission. Pediatr Dent. 2006 Mar-Apr;28:106
  • Davey AL, Rogers AH. Multiple types of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in the human mouth and their intra- family transmisison. Arch Oral Biol 1984; 29: 453-60.
  • Berkowitz RJ, Turner J, Green P. Maternal salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and primary oral infection of infants. Arch Oral Biol 1981;26:147-9.
  • Wan AKL et al. Association of Streptococcus mutans infection and oral developmental nodules in pre-dentate infants. J Dent Res 2001; 80:1945–
  • Wan AKL et al. A Longitudinal Study of Streptococcus mutans Colonization in Infants after Tooth Eruption. J Dent Res 2003; 82: 504-8.
  • Kohler B, Bratthall D. Intrafamilial levels of Streptococcus mutansand some aspects of the bacterial transmission. Scand J Dent Res 1978; 86: 35-42.
  • Li Y et al. Mode of delivery and other maternal factors influence the acquisition of Streptococcus mutans in infants. J Dent Res 2005 Sep;84:806-11. Harris R et al. Risk factors for dental caries in young children: a systematic review of the literature. Community Dent Health 2004; 21: 71
  • Cogulu D et al. A long-term effect of caries-related factors in initially caries-free children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2008 Sep;18:361–7.
  • Ayna B et al. The relationship between early childhood caries with Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in a group of preschool children: Comparison of initial - first year results. Balkan Journal of Stomatology 2008; 12: 57-60.
  • Tinanoff N, Palmer CA. Dietary determinants of dental caries and dietary recommendations for preschool children. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 2000;60:197-206.
  • Nowak AJ. Rationale for the timing of the first oral evaluation. Pediatr Dent. 1997 Jan-Feb;19:8-11.
  • Nainar SM, Mohummed S. Diet counseling during the infant oral health visit. Pediatr Dent. 2004 SepOct;26:459-62.
  • Tinanoff N. Association of diet with dental caries in preschool children. Dent Clin North Am 2005 Oct;49:725-37.
  • Kırgızoğlu Z, Ertürk MSÖ, Imaz HK. Evaluation of dental caries and Nursing Caries prevalance in preschool children living a high fluoride area of Turkey. Fluoride 2004:37:278-90.
  • Maguire A, Rugg-Guun AJ, Butler TJ. Dental health of children taking antimicrobial and non – antimicrobial liquid oral medication long-term. Caries Res1996;30:16-21.
  • Erickson PR, Mazhari E. Investigation of the role of human breast milk in caries development. Pediatr Dent. 1999 Mar-Apr;21:86-90.
  • Ribeiro NM, Ribeiro MA. Breastfeeding and early childhood caries: a critical review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2004 Nov;80:199-210.
  • Valaitis R et al. A systematic review of the relationship between breastfeeding and early childhood caries. Can J Public Health 2000 NovDec;91:411-7.
  • European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Guidelines on the use of fluoride in children: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2009 Sep;10:129-35.
  • Marshall TA et al. Dental caries and beverage consumption in young children. Pediatrics 2003 Sep;112:184–91.
  • Minton KL, Berry CW. Cariogenic potential of presweetened breakfast cereals. Pediatr Dent 1985 Dec;7:282-6.
  • Davies GN. Early childhood caries--a synopsis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998;26:106-16.
  • Powell LV. Caries risk assessment: relevance to the practitioner. J Am Dent Assoc 1998 Mar;129:349
  • Adair SM. Evidence-based use of fluoride in contemporary pediatric dental practice. Pediatr Dent 2006 Mar-Apr;28:133-42.
  • Hausen H, Seppä L, Fejerskov O. Can caries be predicted? In: Thylstrup A, Fejerskov O, eds. Texbook of clinical cariology. 2 nd edn. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1994. p. 393-411.
  • Beck JD. Risk revisited. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998; 26: 220-5.
  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Council on Clinical Affairs. Policy on Use of a Caries-risk Assessment Tool (CAT) for Infants, Children, and Adolescents; Reference Manual 2006–2007: 24– Available online at: http://www.aapd.org/ media/policies_guidelines/p_cariesriskassess.pdf
  • Jenson L et al. Clinical protocols for caries management by risk assessment. J Calif Dent Assoc 2007 Oct;35:714-23. Casamassio PS. Risk assessment. In: Casamassio PS, editor. Bright Futures in Practice: Oral Health. Arlington, Va: NCEMCH ; 1996. p. 67 Preventive Oral Health Intervention for Pediatricians. Section on Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Health. Pediatrics 2008; 122: 1387-94.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı AÇSAP Genel Müdürlüğü. Bebek ve Çocuk İzlem Protokolü Genelgesi. Sayı : B100AÇS0140000- 351- 3178. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı AÇSAP Genel Müdürlüğü, 2008.
  • Nield LS, Stenger JP, Kamat D. Common Pediatric Dental Dilemmas. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2008 Mar;47:99-105.
  • Sanchez OM, Childers NK. Anticipatory Guidance in Infant Oral Health: Rationale and Recommendations. Am Fam Physician 2000 Jan 1;6:115-20, 123-4. Yazışma Adresi: Araş. Gör. Dr. Kadriye Peker
  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Diş Hekimliği Temel Tıp Bilimleri AD Çapa – İstanbul. Posta kodu: 34093 Tel: 0 212 414 20 20 (Dahili: 30325) GSM: O 542 573 84 92 Fax: 0 212 531 22 30
  • E– mail: kpeker@istanbul.edu.tr
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Araş. Gör. Dr. Kadriye Peker Bu kişi benim

Prof. Dr. Gülçin Bermek Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Peker, A. G. D. K., & Bermek, P. D. G. (2013). Erken Dönem Süt Dişi Çürüklerinin Önlenmesinde Risk Değerlendirmesinin Önemi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 106-115.
AMA Peker AGDK, Bermek PDG. Erken Dönem Süt Dişi Çürüklerinin Önlenmesinde Risk Değerlendirmesinin Önemi. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. Ocak 2013;23(1):106-115.
Chicago Peker, Araş. Gör. Dr. Kadriye, ve Prof. Dr. Gülçin Bermek. “Erken Dönem Süt Dişi Çürüklerinin Önlenmesinde Risk Değerlendirmesinin Önemi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 23, sy. 1 (Ocak 2013): 106-15.
EndNote Peker AGDK, Bermek PDG (01 Ocak 2013) Erken Dönem Süt Dişi Çürüklerinin Önlenmesinde Risk Değerlendirmesinin Önemi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 23 1 106–115.
IEEE A. G. D. K. Peker ve P. D. G. Bermek, “Erken Dönem Süt Dişi Çürüklerinin Önlenmesinde Risk Değerlendirmesinin Önemi”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, c. 23, sy. 1, ss. 106–115, 2013.
ISNAD Peker, Araş. Gör. Dr. Kadriye - Bermek, Prof. Dr. Gülçin. “Erken Dönem Süt Dişi Çürüklerinin Önlenmesinde Risk Değerlendirmesinin Önemi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 23/1 (Ocak 2013), 106-115.
JAMA Peker AGDK, Bermek PDG. Erken Dönem Süt Dişi Çürüklerinin Önlenmesinde Risk Değerlendirmesinin Önemi. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2013;23:106–115.
MLA Peker, Araş. Gör. Dr. Kadriye ve Prof. Dr. Gülçin Bermek. “Erken Dönem Süt Dişi Çürüklerinin Önlenmesinde Risk Değerlendirmesinin Önemi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 23, sy. 1, 2013, ss. 106-15.
Vancouver Peker AGDK, Bermek PDG. Erken Dönem Süt Dişi Çürüklerinin Önlenmesinde Risk Değerlendirmesinin Önemi. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2013;23(1):106-15.

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