The Importance Of The Risk Assessment In The Preventıon Of Early Chıldhood Carıes

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 106 - 115, 01.01.2013

Araş. Gör. Dr. Kadriye Peker Prof. Dr. Gülçin Bermek

Öz

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) which is a preventable and an infectious disease caused by transmission of Mutans streptococci from mother to their children is significant public health problem in both the developed and developing countries. Nowadays, strategies for preventing ECC were concentrated on the concept of risk assessment, which is aimed to the determination of the likelihood of the incidence of caries during a certain time period. This concept is different to the multifactorial risk determination focused on evaluation of biological, demographic and dieatary factors and the evaluation the prevalance and incidence of caries lesions. Risk assessment, which is necessary component in the clinical decision making process provides to detect caries in its earliest stages and to determine the likelihood of the incidence of caries lesions. To prevent caries, high – risk childrens must be identified at on early age, and effective strategies including behaviour modification and preventive interventions should be adopted. Therefore, health professionals who deal with children’s general health and oral health have an important role in the stage of prevention and early diagnosis of dental caries. In this context, they should be trained to perform an oral health risk assessment on all children beginning by 6 months of age. Thus, during the formal and continuing education of medicine and dentistry the compherensive, useful and evidenced information must be given to the students and health professionals about etiology, epidemiology, risk assessment of the ECC, the preventive treatment modalities and behavior change, and it must be integrated to the practice programs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Early childhood caries, Risk assessment, Prevention

Erken Dönem Süt Dişi Çürüklerinin Önlenmesinde Risk Değerlendirmesinin Önemi

Öz

Streptokokus mutans transmisyonu yoluyla anneden çocuğa geçen önlenebilir bir enfeksiyon hastalığı olan erken dönem çocukluk çağı çürükleri (EÇÇ), gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için önemli bir halk sağlığı problemidir. Günümüzde, EÇÇ’nin önlenmesine yönelik stratejiler belirli bir zaman periyodunda çürük insidans olasılığını saptanmayı amaçlayan risk değerlendirmesi kavramı üzerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bu kavram biyolojik, demografik, diyet faktörleri ile çürük lezyonlarının prevalans ve insidansının değerlendirmesi üzerine odaklanan multifaktöriyel risk değerlendirmesinden farklı bir kavramdır. Klinik karar verme sürecinin zaruri bir bileşeni olan risk değerlendirmesi, erken dönemde diş çürüklerinin tespit edilmesini ve çürük lezyonlarının oluşma olasılığının tayin edilmesini sağlar. Diş çürüklerinin önlenmesi için, erken dönemde yüksek çürük riski olan çocukların tespit edilmesi ve davranış değişimi ve koruyucu uygulamaları içeren etkin stratejilerin benimsenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, çocukların genel sağlığı ve ağız sağlığı ile ilgilenen sağlık uzmanları diş çürüklerinin erken tanısında ve önlenmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Bu kapsamda, bu sağlık uzmanlarının 6. ayın başından itibaren her çocuğun risk değerlendirmesini yapabilecek şekilde eğitilmiş olmaları gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, tıp ve diş hekimliği örgün ve sürekli eğitimi sürecinde, öğrencilere ve sağlık uzmanlarına EÇÇ’nin etyolojisi, epidemiyolojisi, risk değerlendirmesi, koruyucu tedavi yöntemleri ve davranış değişimi konusunda kapsamlı, kullanılabilir, kanıta dayalı bilgiler verilmeli ve bunlar pratik programlarına entegre edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Erken Dönem Çocukluk Çağı Çürükleri, Risk Değerlendirmesi, Önleme

Kaynakça

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