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Evaluation of the Connective Tissue Reactions to Two Different Root-End Filling Materials

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2012 Sayı: 3, 264 - 271, 01.03.2012

Dt. Nuray Tüloğlu Doç. Dr. Şule Bayrak Arş. Gör. Züleyha Erişgin

Öz

-

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • Morse DR, O'Larnic J, Yesilsoy C. Apexification: review of the literature. Quintessence Int 1990; 21: 589-598.
  • Steinig TH, Regan JD, Gutmann JL. The use and predictable placement of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in one-visit apexification cases. Aust Endod J 2003; 29: 34-42.
  • Koenigs JF, Heller AL, Brilliant JD, Melfi RC, Driskell TD. Induced apical closure of permanent teeth in adult primates using a resorbable form of tricalcium phosphate ceramic. J Endod 1975; 1: 102-106.
  • Roberts SC Jr, Brilliant JD. Tricalcium phosphate as an adjunct to apical closure in pulpless permanent teeth. J Endod 1975; 1: 263-269.
  • Rossmeisl R, Reader A, Melfi R, Marquard J. A study of freeze-dried (lyophilized) cortical bone used as an apical barrier in adult monkey teeth. J Endod 1982; 8: 219-226.
  • Rossmeisl R, Reader A, Melfi R, Marquard J. A study of freeze-dried (lyophilized) dentin used as an apical barrier in adult monkey teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982; 53: 303-310.
  • Shabahang S, Torabinejad M, Boyne PP, Abedi H, McMillan P. A comparative study of root-end induction using osteogenic protein-1, calcium hydroxide, and mineral trioxide aggregate in dogs. J Endod 1999; 25: 1-5.
  • Torabinejad M, Chivian N. Clinical applications of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod 1999; 25: 197- 205.
  • Maroto M, Barbería E, Planells P, Vera V. Treatment of a non-vital immature incisor with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Dent Traumatol 2003; 19: 165-169.
  • Torabinejad M, Pitt Ford TR, McKendry DJ, Abedi HR, Miller DA, Kariyawasam SP. Histologic assessment of mineral trioxide aggregate as a root-end filling in monkeys. J Endod 1997; 23: 225-228.
  • Camilleri J, Montesin FE, Di Silvio L, Pitt Ford TR. The chemical constitution and biocompatibility of accelerated Portland cement for endodontic use. Int Endod J 2005; 38: 834-842.
  • Santos AD, Moraes JC, Araşjo EB, Yukimitu K, Valério Filho WV. Physico-chemical properties of MTA and a novel experimental cement. Int Endod J 2005; 38: 443-447.
  • Srinivasan V, Waterhouse P, Whitworth J. Mineral trioxide aggregate in paediatric dentistry. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009; 19: 34-47.
  • Moore A, Howley MF, O'Connell AC. Treatment of open apex teeth using two types of white mineral trioxide aggregate after initial dressing with calcium hydroxide in children. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27: 166-173.
  • de Vasconcelos BC, Bernardes RA, Cruz SM, Duarte MA, Padilha Pde M, Bernardineli N, Garcia RB, Bramante CM, de Moraes IG. Evaluation of pH and calcium ion release of new root-end filling materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 108: 135-139.
  • Vivan RR, Zapata RO, Zeferino MA, Bramante CM, Bernardineli N, Garcia RB, Hungaro Duarte MA, Tanomaru Filho M, Gomes de Moraes I. Evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of two commercial and three experimental root-end filling materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 110: 250-256.
  • Antunes Bortoluzzi E, Juárez Broon N, Antonio Hungaro Duarte M, de Oliveira Demarchi AC, Monteiro Bramante C. The use of a setting accelerator and its effect on pH and calcium ion release of mineral trioxide aggregate and white Portland cement. J Endod 2006; 32: 1194-1197.
  • Dohaithem A, Al-Nasser A, Al-Badah A, Al-Nazhan S, Al-Maflehi N. An in vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of bioaggregate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011; 112: 27-30.
  • Park JW, Hong SH, Kim JH, Lee SJ, Shin SJ. X-Ray diffraction analysis of white ProRoot MTA and Diadent BioAggregate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 109: 155-158.
  • DiaRoot BioAggregate. http://www.diadent.com, 2011.
  • Torabinejad M, Pitt Ford TR. Root end filling materials: a review. Endod Dent Traumatol 1996; 12: 161-178.
  • Camargo SE, Rode Sde M, do Prado RF, Carvalho YR, Camargo CH. Subcutaneous tissue reaction to castor oil bean and calcium hydroxide in rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18: 273-278.
  • International Organization for Standardization. ISO:7405. Dentistry-Evaluation of biocompatibility of medical devices used in dentistry: Types of test. 2008.
  • Federation Dentaire International: Recommended standard practices for biological evaluation of dental materials: FDI Commission on Dental Materials, Equipment, and Therapeutics. Part 4.1: Subcutaneous implantation test. Int Dent J 1980; 30: 173-174.
  • Moretton TR, Brown CE Jr, Legan JJ, Kafrawy AH. Tissue intraosseous implantation of mineral trioxide aggregate and ethoxybenzoic acid cement. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 52: 528-533. and
  • Holland R, Souza V, Nery MJ, Faraco Jşnior IM, Bernabé PF, Otoboni Filho JA, Dezan Jşnior E. Reaction of rat connective tissue to implanted dentin tubes filled with a white mineral trioxide aggregate. Braz Dent J 2002; 13: 23-26.
  • Farhad AR, Hasheminia S, Razavi S, Feizi M. Histopathologic evaluation of subcutaneous tissue response to three endodontic sealers in rats. J Oral Sci 2011; 53: 15-21.
  • Queiroz AM, Assed S, Consolaro A, Nelson-Filho P, Leonardo MR, Silva RA, Silva LA. Subcutaneous connective tissue response to primary root canal filling materials. Braz Dent J 2011; 22: 203-211.
  • Mukhtar-Fayyad D. Cytocompatibility of new bioceramic-based materials on human fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011; 112: 137-142.
  • Yan P, Yuan Z, Jiang H, Peng B, Bian Z. Effect of bioaggregate on differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Int Endod J 2010; 43: 1116-1121.
  • De-Deus G, Canabarro A, Alves G, Linhares A, Senne MI, Granjeiro JM. Optimal cytocompatibility of a bioceramic nanoparticulate cement in primary human mesenchymal cells. J Endod 2009; 35: 1387-1390.
  • Hensten-Pettersen A. Comparison of the methods available for assessing cytotoxicity. Int Endod J 1988; 21: 89-99.
  • Wataha JC. Principles of biocompatibility for dental practitioners. J Prosthet Dent 2001; 86: 203-209.
  • Wataha JC. Biocompatibility of dental materials. In: Anusavice KJ, ed. Phillips’ Science of Dental Materials. 11th Ed. St. Louis; Saunders Elsevier: 2003. p. 171-202.
  • Zorba YO, Yıldız M. Adeziv restoratif materyallerde biyouyumluluk testleri ve kriterleri. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2007; Suppl 2: 15-21.
  • Tuncer S, Demirci M. Dental materyallerde biyouyumluluk değerlendirmeleri. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2011; 21: 141-149.
  • Wataha JC. Predicting clinical biological responses to dental materials. Dent Mater. 2012; 28: 23-40.
  • Moretti Neto RT, Mello I, Moretti AB, Robazza CR, Pereira AA. In vivo qualitative analysis of the biocompatibility of different cyanoacrylate-based adhesives. Braz Oral Res 2008; 22: 43-47.
  • Gulati N, Chandra S, Aggarwal PK, Jaiswal JN, Singh M. Cytotoxicity of eugenol in sealer containing zinc-oxide. Endod Dent Traumatol 1991; 7: 181-185.
  • Geurtsen W. Biocompatibility of resin-modified filling materials. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2000; 11: 333-355.
  • Olsson B, Sliwkowski A, Langeland K. Subcutaneous implantation for the biological evaluation of endodontic materials. J Endod 1981; 7: 355-367.
  • Kim JS, Baek SH, Bae KS. In vivo study on the biocompatibility of newly developed calcium phosphate-based root canal sealers. J Endod 2004; 30: 708-711.
  • Shahi S, Rahimi S, Lotfi M, Yavari H, Gaderian A. A comparative study of the biocompatibility of three root-end filling materials in rat connective tissue. J Endod 2006; 32: 776-780.
  • Kaplan AE, Ormaechea MF, Picca M, Canzobre MC, Ubios biocompatibility of endodontic sealers. Int Endod J 2003; 36: 527-532. properties and
  • Makkes PC, van Velzen SK, Wesselink PR, de Greeve PC. Polyethylene tubes as a model for the root canal. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1977; 44: 293-300.
  • Yaltirik M, Ozbas H, Bilgic B, Issever H. Reactions of connective tissue to mineral trioxide aggregate and amalgam. J Endod. 2004; 30: 95-99.
  • Cunha SA, Rached FJ Jr, Alfredo E, León JE, Perez DE. Biocompatibility of sealers used in apical surgery: a histological study in rat subcutaneous tissue. Braz Dent J 2011; 22: 299-305.

İki Farklı Kök Ucu Dolgu Materyali Tarafından Oluşturulan Bağ Doku Reaksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2012 Sayı: 3, 264 - 271, 01.03.2012

Dt. Nuray Tüloğlu Doç. Dr. Şule Bayrak Arş. Gör. Züleyha Erişgin

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ratlarda subkutanöz olarak yerleştirilen White-Mineral Triokside Aggregate ve BioAggregate’in biyouyumluluklarının histolojik olarak değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: 60 adet ratın subkutanöz dokusuna, polietilen tübül içerisinde White-Mineral Trioksit Aggregate ve BioAggregate yerleştirildi ve 7, 15, 30 ve 60. günlerde materyallere karşı gelişen inflamatuar reaksiyon dereceleri ışık mikroskobu altında değerlendirildi. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirilmesinde Kruskal-Wallis ve Dunn Çoklu Karşılaştırma testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Tüm deney periyotlarında, ortalama inflamatuar reaksiyon derecesi açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmadı (p>0,05). İnflamatuar reaksiyon derecesi günlere göre değerlendirildiğinde ise, en düşük inflamatuar reaksiyon derecesinin 60. günde olduğu, ancak aradaki farkın sadece 7. ve 15. günlerde anlamlı olduğu belirlendi (p

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağ doku reaksiyonu

Kaynakça

  • Morse DR, O'Larnic J, Yesilsoy C. Apexification: review of the literature. Quintessence Int 1990; 21: 589-598.
  • Steinig TH, Regan JD, Gutmann JL. The use and predictable placement of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in one-visit apexification cases. Aust Endod J 2003; 29: 34-42.
  • Koenigs JF, Heller AL, Brilliant JD, Melfi RC, Driskell TD. Induced apical closure of permanent teeth in adult primates using a resorbable form of tricalcium phosphate ceramic. J Endod 1975; 1: 102-106.
  • Roberts SC Jr, Brilliant JD. Tricalcium phosphate as an adjunct to apical closure in pulpless permanent teeth. J Endod 1975; 1: 263-269.
  • Rossmeisl R, Reader A, Melfi R, Marquard J. A study of freeze-dried (lyophilized) cortical bone used as an apical barrier in adult monkey teeth. J Endod 1982; 8: 219-226.
  • Rossmeisl R, Reader A, Melfi R, Marquard J. A study of freeze-dried (lyophilized) dentin used as an apical barrier in adult monkey teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982; 53: 303-310.
  • Shabahang S, Torabinejad M, Boyne PP, Abedi H, McMillan P. A comparative study of root-end induction using osteogenic protein-1, calcium hydroxide, and mineral trioxide aggregate in dogs. J Endod 1999; 25: 1-5.
  • Torabinejad M, Chivian N. Clinical applications of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod 1999; 25: 197- 205.
  • Maroto M, Barbería E, Planells P, Vera V. Treatment of a non-vital immature incisor with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Dent Traumatol 2003; 19: 165-169.
  • Torabinejad M, Pitt Ford TR, McKendry DJ, Abedi HR, Miller DA, Kariyawasam SP. Histologic assessment of mineral trioxide aggregate as a root-end filling in monkeys. J Endod 1997; 23: 225-228.
  • Camilleri J, Montesin FE, Di Silvio L, Pitt Ford TR. The chemical constitution and biocompatibility of accelerated Portland cement for endodontic use. Int Endod J 2005; 38: 834-842.
  • Santos AD, Moraes JC, Araşjo EB, Yukimitu K, Valério Filho WV. Physico-chemical properties of MTA and a novel experimental cement. Int Endod J 2005; 38: 443-447.
  • Srinivasan V, Waterhouse P, Whitworth J. Mineral trioxide aggregate in paediatric dentistry. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009; 19: 34-47.
  • Moore A, Howley MF, O'Connell AC. Treatment of open apex teeth using two types of white mineral trioxide aggregate after initial dressing with calcium hydroxide in children. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27: 166-173.
  • de Vasconcelos BC, Bernardes RA, Cruz SM, Duarte MA, Padilha Pde M, Bernardineli N, Garcia RB, Bramante CM, de Moraes IG. Evaluation of pH and calcium ion release of new root-end filling materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 108: 135-139.
  • Vivan RR, Zapata RO, Zeferino MA, Bramante CM, Bernardineli N, Garcia RB, Hungaro Duarte MA, Tanomaru Filho M, Gomes de Moraes I. Evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of two commercial and three experimental root-end filling materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 110: 250-256.
  • Antunes Bortoluzzi E, Juárez Broon N, Antonio Hungaro Duarte M, de Oliveira Demarchi AC, Monteiro Bramante C. The use of a setting accelerator and its effect on pH and calcium ion release of mineral trioxide aggregate and white Portland cement. J Endod 2006; 32: 1194-1197.
  • Dohaithem A, Al-Nasser A, Al-Badah A, Al-Nazhan S, Al-Maflehi N. An in vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of bioaggregate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011; 112: 27-30.
  • Park JW, Hong SH, Kim JH, Lee SJ, Shin SJ. X-Ray diffraction analysis of white ProRoot MTA and Diadent BioAggregate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 109: 155-158.
  • DiaRoot BioAggregate. http://www.diadent.com, 2011.
  • Torabinejad M, Pitt Ford TR. Root end filling materials: a review. Endod Dent Traumatol 1996; 12: 161-178.
  • Camargo SE, Rode Sde M, do Prado RF, Carvalho YR, Camargo CH. Subcutaneous tissue reaction to castor oil bean and calcium hydroxide in rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18: 273-278.
  • International Organization for Standardization. ISO:7405. Dentistry-Evaluation of biocompatibility of medical devices used in dentistry: Types of test. 2008.
  • Federation Dentaire International: Recommended standard practices for biological evaluation of dental materials: FDI Commission on Dental Materials, Equipment, and Therapeutics. Part 4.1: Subcutaneous implantation test. Int Dent J 1980; 30: 173-174.
  • Moretton TR, Brown CE Jr, Legan JJ, Kafrawy AH. Tissue intraosseous implantation of mineral trioxide aggregate and ethoxybenzoic acid cement. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 52: 528-533. and
  • Holland R, Souza V, Nery MJ, Faraco Jşnior IM, Bernabé PF, Otoboni Filho JA, Dezan Jşnior E. Reaction of rat connective tissue to implanted dentin tubes filled with a white mineral trioxide aggregate. Braz Dent J 2002; 13: 23-26.
  • Farhad AR, Hasheminia S, Razavi S, Feizi M. Histopathologic evaluation of subcutaneous tissue response to three endodontic sealers in rats. J Oral Sci 2011; 53: 15-21.
  • Queiroz AM, Assed S, Consolaro A, Nelson-Filho P, Leonardo MR, Silva RA, Silva LA. Subcutaneous connective tissue response to primary root canal filling materials. Braz Dent J 2011; 22: 203-211.
  • Mukhtar-Fayyad D. Cytocompatibility of new bioceramic-based materials on human fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011; 112: 137-142.
  • Yan P, Yuan Z, Jiang H, Peng B, Bian Z. Effect of bioaggregate on differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Int Endod J 2010; 43: 1116-1121.
  • De-Deus G, Canabarro A, Alves G, Linhares A, Senne MI, Granjeiro JM. Optimal cytocompatibility of a bioceramic nanoparticulate cement in primary human mesenchymal cells. J Endod 2009; 35: 1387-1390.
  • Hensten-Pettersen A. Comparison of the methods available for assessing cytotoxicity. Int Endod J 1988; 21: 89-99.
  • Wataha JC. Principles of biocompatibility for dental practitioners. J Prosthet Dent 2001; 86: 203-209.
  • Wataha JC. Biocompatibility of dental materials. In: Anusavice KJ, ed. Phillips’ Science of Dental Materials. 11th Ed. St. Louis; Saunders Elsevier: 2003. p. 171-202.
  • Zorba YO, Yıldız M. Adeziv restoratif materyallerde biyouyumluluk testleri ve kriterleri. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2007; Suppl 2: 15-21.
  • Tuncer S, Demirci M. Dental materyallerde biyouyumluluk değerlendirmeleri. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2011; 21: 141-149.
  • Wataha JC. Predicting clinical biological responses to dental materials. Dent Mater. 2012; 28: 23-40.
  • Moretti Neto RT, Mello I, Moretti AB, Robazza CR, Pereira AA. In vivo qualitative analysis of the biocompatibility of different cyanoacrylate-based adhesives. Braz Oral Res 2008; 22: 43-47.
  • Gulati N, Chandra S, Aggarwal PK, Jaiswal JN, Singh M. Cytotoxicity of eugenol in sealer containing zinc-oxide. Endod Dent Traumatol 1991; 7: 181-185.
  • Geurtsen W. Biocompatibility of resin-modified filling materials. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2000; 11: 333-355.
  • Olsson B, Sliwkowski A, Langeland K. Subcutaneous implantation for the biological evaluation of endodontic materials. J Endod 1981; 7: 355-367.
  • Kim JS, Baek SH, Bae KS. In vivo study on the biocompatibility of newly developed calcium phosphate-based root canal sealers. J Endod 2004; 30: 708-711.
  • Shahi S, Rahimi S, Lotfi M, Yavari H, Gaderian A. A comparative study of the biocompatibility of three root-end filling materials in rat connective tissue. J Endod 2006; 32: 776-780.
  • Kaplan AE, Ormaechea MF, Picca M, Canzobre MC, Ubios biocompatibility of endodontic sealers. Int Endod J 2003; 36: 527-532. properties and
  • Makkes PC, van Velzen SK, Wesselink PR, de Greeve PC. Polyethylene tubes as a model for the root canal. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1977; 44: 293-300.
  • Yaltirik M, Ozbas H, Bilgic B, Issever H. Reactions of connective tissue to mineral trioxide aggregate and amalgam. J Endod. 2004; 30: 95-99.
  • Cunha SA, Rached FJ Jr, Alfredo E, León JE, Perez DE. Biocompatibility of sealers used in apical surgery: a histological study in rat subcutaneous tissue. Braz Dent J 2011; 22: 299-305.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Dt. Nuray Tüloğlu Bu kişi benim

Doç. Dr. Şule Bayrak Bu kişi benim

Arş. Gör. Züleyha Erişgin Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 2012 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Tüloğlu, D. N., Bayrak, D. D. Ş., & Erişgin, A. G. Z. (2012). İki Farklı Kök Ucu Dolgu Materyali Tarafından Oluşturulan Bağ Doku Reaksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 2012(3), 264-271.
AMA Tüloğlu DN, Bayrak DDŞ, Erişgin AGZ. İki Farklı Kök Ucu Dolgu Materyali Tarafından Oluşturulan Bağ Doku Reaksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. Mart 2012;2012(3):264-271.
Chicago Tüloğlu, Dt. Nuray, Doç. Dr. Şule Bayrak, ve Arş. Gör. Züleyha Erişgin. “İki Farklı Kök Ucu Dolgu Materyali Tarafından Oluşturulan Bağ Doku Reaksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2012, sy. 3 (Mart 2012): 264-71.
EndNote Tüloğlu DN, Bayrak DDŞ, Erişgin AGZ (01 Mart 2012) İki Farklı Kök Ucu Dolgu Materyali Tarafından Oluşturulan Bağ Doku Reaksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2012 3 264–271.
IEEE D. N. Tüloğlu, D. D. Ş. Bayrak, ve A. G. Z. Erişgin, “İki Farklı Kök Ucu Dolgu Materyali Tarafından Oluşturulan Bağ Doku Reaksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, c. 2012, sy. 3, ss. 264–271, 2012.
ISNAD Tüloğlu, Dt. Nuray vd. “İki Farklı Kök Ucu Dolgu Materyali Tarafından Oluşturulan Bağ Doku Reaksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2012/3 (Mart 2012), 264-271.
JAMA Tüloğlu DN, Bayrak DDŞ, Erişgin AGZ. İki Farklı Kök Ucu Dolgu Materyali Tarafından Oluşturulan Bağ Doku Reaksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2012;2012:264–271.
MLA Tüloğlu, Dt. Nuray vd. “İki Farklı Kök Ucu Dolgu Materyali Tarafından Oluşturulan Bağ Doku Reaksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 2012, sy. 3, 2012, ss. 264-71.
Vancouver Tüloğlu DN, Bayrak DDŞ, Erişgin AGZ. İki Farklı Kök Ucu Dolgu Materyali Tarafından Oluşturulan Bağ Doku Reaksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2012;2012(3):264-71.

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