ORTHODONTIC INDICES

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 2010 Sayı: 1, 62 - 75, 01.01.2010

Dt. Fatih Kazancı Prof. Dr. İsmail Ceylan

Öz

-

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

ORTODONTİK İNDEKSLER

Öz

Ortodontide epidemiyolojik değerlendirmelerde tek çeşit bir metodun geliştirilmesi ve maloklüzyonun sınıflandırılması uzun zamandır ilgi görmüştür. Son yıllarda ideal bir indeks geliştirilmesi için yapılan çalışmalar ortodontide yeniden popüler olmaya başlamıştır. Evrensel bir oklüzal indeks geliştirmedeki yetersizlik, doğasının anlaşılmasındaki artış ile aşılabilecektir. Bu derlemede ortodontide farklı amaçlar için kullanılan indeksler anlatılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maloklüzyon

Kaynakça

• Angle EH. Classification of malocclusion. Dental Cosmos 1899;41:248-264.
• Gravely JF, Johnson DB. Angle's classification of malocclusion: an assessment of reliability. Br J Orthod 1974;1:79-86.
• Katz RV. Relationships between eight orthodontic indices and an oral self-image satisfaction scale. Am J Orthod 1978;73:328-334.
• Massler M, Frankel JM. Prevalence of malocclusion in children aged 14 to 18 years. Am J Orthod 1951;37:751-768.
• Ackerman JL, Proffit WR. The characteristics of malocclusion: a modern approach to classification and diagnosis. Am J Orthod 1969;56:443-454.
• Turner SA. Occlusal indices revisited. Br J Orthod 1990;17:197-203.
• Richmond S, Aylott NA, Panahei ME, Rolfe B, Tausche E. A 2-center comparison of orthodontist's perceptions of orthodontic treatment difficulty. Angle Orthod 2001;71:404-410.
• Firestone AR, Beck FM, Beglin FM, Vig KW. Evaluation of the peer assessment rating (PAR) index as an index of orthodontic treatment need. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:463- 469.
• Shaw WC, Richmond S, O'Brien KD. The use of occlusal indices: a European perspective. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;107:1-10.
• Buchanan IB, Shaw WC, Richmond S, O'Brien KD, Andrews M. A comparison of the reliability and validity of the PAR Index and Summers' Occlusal Index. Eur J Orthod 1993;15:27-31.
• McGuinness NJ, Stephens CD. An introduction to indices of malocclusion. Dent Update 1994;21:140- 144. 12. World Health Organization. International Collaborative study of oral health outcomes (ICS II), document 2-oral daha collection instrument and examination criteria. Geneva: WHO 1989; 13- 27.
• Beglin FM, Firestone AR, Vig KW, Beck FM, Kuthy RA, Wade D. A comparison of the reliability and validity of 3 occlusal indexes of orthodontic treatment need. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120:240-246.
• Carlos JP. Evaluation of indices of malocclusion. Int Dent J 1970;20:606-617.
• Richmond S, Daniels CP, Fox N, Wright J. The professional perception of orthodontic treatment complexity. discussion 375-377. J 1997;183:371-375;
• Summers CJ. The occlusal index: a system for identifying and scoring occlusal disorders. Am J
• Tang EL, Wei SH. Recording and measuring malocclusion: a review of the literature. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103:344-351.
• Shaw WC, O'Brien KD, Richmond S. Quality control in orthodontics: factors influencing the receipt of orthodontic treatment. Br Dent J 1991;170:66-68.
• Draker HL, Albany NY. Handicapping labiolingual deviations: a proposed index for public health purposes. Am J Orthod 1960;46:295-305.
• Abdullah MS, Rock WP. Assessment of orthodontic treatment need in 5,112 Malaysian children using the IOTN and DAI indices. Community Dent Health 2001;18:242-248.
• Otuyemi OD, Jones SP. Methods of assessing and grading malocclusion: a review. Aust Orthod J 1995;14:21-27.
• Moyers RE. Classification and Terminology of Malocclusion. Orthodontics. Chapter 9, 4th edition. Chicago. p183-195. 1988. K. Handbook of
• Foster TD, Menezes DM. The assessment of occlusal features for public health planning purposes. Am J Orthod 1976;69:83-90.
• Grewe JM, Hagan DV. Malocclusion indices: a comparative 1972;61:286-294. Am J Orthod
• Howells DJ, Shaw WC. The validity and reliability of ratings of dental and facial attractiveness for epidemiologic use. Am J Orthod 1985;88:402-408.
• Van Kirk LE, Jr. Assessment of malocclusion in population groups. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1959;49:1157-1163.
• Elsasser WA. Studies of dentofacial morphology II. Orthometric analysis of facial pattern. Am J Orthod
• Bjoerk A, Krebs A, Solow B. A Method for Epidemiological Registration of Malocclusion. Acta Odontol Scand 1964;22:27-41.
• Baume LJ, Horowitz HS, Summers CJ, Backer Dirks O, Brown WA, Carlos JP et al. [A method for the measurement (developed for the Commission on Classification and Statistics of the FDI, (COCSTOC) Study Group 2 on dentofacial abnormalities, 1969-72)]. Int Dent J 1974;24:90-97. characteristics.
• Bezroukov V, Freer TJ, Helm S, Kalamkarov H, Sardo Infirri J, Solow B. Basic method for recording occlusal 1979;57:955-961. World Health Organ
• Al Yami EA, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, van 't Hof MA. Assessment nonorthodontic sample using the PAR index. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;114:224-228.
• Brook PH, Shaw WC. The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority. Eur J Orthod 1989;11:309-320.
• Kowalski CJ, Prahl-Andersen B. Selection of dentofacial measurements for an orthodontic treatment priority index. Angle Orthod 1976;46:94- 97.
• Shaw WC, Richmond S, O'Brien KD, Brook P, Stephens CD. Quality control in orthodontics: indices of treatment need and treatment standards. Br Dent J 1991;170:107-112.
• Sheats RD, McGorray SP, Keeling SD, Wheeler TT, King GJ. Occlusal traits and perception of orthodontic need in eighth grade students. Angle Orthod 1998;68:107-114.
• Carlos JP, Ast DB. An evaluation of the HLD index as a decision-making tool. Public Health Rep 1966;81:621-626.
• Grainger RM. Malocclusion Severity Estimate, p9- 11, Burlington Orthodontic Research Center, Progress report, SeriesVI. 1961.
• Ghafari J, Locke SA, Bentley JM. Longitudinal evaluation of the Treatment Priority Index (TPI). Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;96:382-389.
• Güray E, Orhan M, Ertaş E, Doruk C. Konya yöresi ilkokul çocuklarında "Treatment Priority Index" (TPI) uygulaması (epidemiyolojik çalışma). Türk Ortodonti Dergisi 1994;7:195-200.
• Ugur T, Ciger S, Aksoy A, Telli A. An epidemiological survey using the Treatment Priority Index (TPI). Eur J Orthod 1998;20:189-193. 41. Salzmann JA. Handicapping malocclusion assessment to establish treatment priority. Am J Orthod 1968;54:749-765.
• Albino JE, Lewis EA, Slakter MJ. Examiner reliability malocclusion. Angle Orthod 1978;48:297-302.
• Hermanson PC, Grewe JM. Examiner variability of several malocclusion indices. Angle Orthod 1970:219-225.
• Otuyemi OD, Noar JH. Variability in recording and grading the need for orthodontic treatment using the handicapping malocclusion assessment record, occlusal index and dental aesthetic index. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996;24:222-224.
• Lindauer AJ, Baird BW, Sheats RD, Rebellato J. Orthodontic treatment priority: a comparison of two indices. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1998;22:125-131.
• Summers CJ. Tests of validity of indices of occlusion. Am J Orthod 1972;62:428-429.
• Pickering EA, Vig P. The occlusal index used to assess orthodontic treatment. Br J Orthod 1975;2:47-51.
• So LL, Tang EL. A comparative study using the Occlusal Index and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Angle Orthod 1993;63:57-64; discussion 65-56.
• Linder-Aronson S. Orthodontics in the Swedish Public Dental Health Service. Trans Eur Orthod Soc 1974:233-240.
• Cons NC, Jenny J, Kohout FJ, Songpaisan Y, Jotikastira D. Utility of the dental aesthetic index in industrialized and developing countries. J Public Health Dent 1989;49:163-166.
• Lobb WK, Ismail AI, Andrews CL, Spracklin TE. Evaluation of orthodontic treatment using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994;106:70-75.
• Keay PA, Freer TJ, Basford KE. Orthodontic treatment need and the dental aesthetic index. Aust Orthod J 1993;13:4-7.
• Jenny J, Cons NC, Kohout FJ, Jakobsen J. Predicting handicapping malocclusion using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Int Dent J
• Ansai T, Miyazaki H, Katoh Y, Yamashita Y, Takehara T, Jenny J et al. Prevalence of malocclusion in high school students in Japan according Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993;21:303-305.
• Evans R, Shaw W. Preliminary evaluation of an illustrated scale for rating dental attractiveness. Eur J Orthod 1987;9:314-318.
• Flores-Mir C, Silva E, Barriga MI, Lagravere MO, Major PW. Lay person's perception of smile aesthetics in dental and facial views. J Orthod 2004;31:204-209; discussion 201.
• Burden DJ. The ranking of dental aesthetics. Br J Orthod 1995;22:259-261.
• Ucuncu N, Ertugay E. The use of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment need (IOTN) in a school population and referred population. J Orthod 2001;28:45-52.
• Bergstrom K, Halling A. Comparison of three indices in evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcome. Acta Odontol Scand 1997;55:36-43.
• Richmond S, Shaw WC, O'Brien KD, Buchanan IB, Jones R, Stephens CD et al. The development of the PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): reliability and validity. Eur J Orthod 1992;14:125-139.
• Richmond S, Shaw WC, Roberts CT, Andrews M. The PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): methods to determine outcome of orthodontic treatment in terms of improvement and standards. Eur J Orthod 1992;14:180-187.
• Myrberg N, Thilander B. Orthodontic need of treatment of Swedish schoolchildren from objective and subjective aspects. Scand J Dent Res 1973;81:81-84.
• Berg R. Post-retention analysis of treatment problems and failures in 264 consecutively treated cases. Eur J Orthod 1979;1:55-68.
• Eismann D. Reliable assessment of morphological changes resulting from orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod 1980;2:19-25.
• Casko JS, Vaden JL, Kokich VG, Damone J, James RD, Cangialosi TJ et al. Objective grading system for dental casts and panoramic radiographs. American Board of Orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;114:589-599.
• Buchanan IB, Russell JI, Clark JD. Practical application of the PAR index: an illustrative comparison of the outcome of treatment using two fixed 1996;23:351-357. Br J Orthod
• DeGuzman L, Bahiraei D, Vig KW, Vig PS, Weyant RJ, O'Brien K. The validation of the Peer Assessment Rating index for malocclusion severity and treatment difficulty. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;107:172-176.
• al Yami EA, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, van 't Hof MA. Occlusal outcome of orthodontic treatment. Angle
• Hamdan AM, Rock WP. An appraisal of the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index and a suggested new weighting system. Eur J Orthod 1999;21:181- 192.
• Burden DJ, Stratford N. Training dental nurses in the use of the PAR Index: a pilot study. Br J Orthod 1996;23:153-155.
• Cassinelli AG, Firestone AR, Beck FM, Vig KW. Factors associated with orthodontists' assessment of difficulty. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123:497-502.
• Pae EK, McKenna GA, Sheehan TJ, Garcia R, Kuhlberg A, Nanda R. Role of lateral cephalograms in assessing severity and difficulty of orthodontic cases. 2001;120:254-262. Dentofacial Orthop
• Fox NA, Daniels C, Gilgrass T. A comparison of the index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) with the peer assessment rating (PAR) and the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN). Br Dent J 2002;193:225-230.
• Koochek AR, Yeh MS, Rolfe B, Richmond S. The relationship Outcome and Need, and patients' perceptions of malocclusion: a study in general dental practice. Br Dent J 2001;191:325-329. of Complexity,
• Daniels C, Richmond S. The development of the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON). J Orthod 2000;27:149-162.
• Onyeaso CO, Begole EA. Relationship between index of complexity, outcome and need, dental aesthetic index, peer assessment rating index, and American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop