BLOOD FLOW MEASUREMENT IN DENTISTRY AND LASER DOPPLER FLOWMETRY

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 2005 Sayı: 1, 55 - 64, 01.01.2005

Dt. Deniz Kökçü Yrd. Doç. Dr. Murat Yenisey Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ahmet Umut Güler

Öz

Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) is a technique on measurement of Doppler shift formed in the frequency of radiation that is reflected by a moving object. It has been first used in medical science in 1972 and is commonly being used in dentistry in the recent years. This technique, with an optic probe carrying low power monochromatic laser ray, allows measurement of tissue blood flow in a non invasiv and continuous manner.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Laser Doppler Flowmetry, blood flow, dentistry

DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KAN AKIMI ÖLÇÜMÜ VE LASER DOPPLER FLOWMETRY

Öz

“Laser Doppler Flowmetry” (LDF), hareket halindeki bir nesneden yans%yan radyasyonun frekans%nda olu an Doppler kaymas%n%n ölçülmesi esas%na dayan%r. T%pta ilk defa 1972 y%l%nda kullan%lan “Laser Doppler Flowmetry”, son y%llarda dihekimli>inin tüm dallar%nda kullan%lmaya ba lanm% t%r. Bu teknik dü ük güçlü monokromatik lazer % %n% ta %yan bir optik prob sayesinde doku kan ak%m%n%n non invaziv ve sürekli ölçümüne imkan tan%r

Anahtar Kelimeler

Laser Doppler Flowmetry, kan ak%m%, di hekimli>i

Kaynakça

• Ivanyi I, Balogh AE, Fazekas A, Rosivall L, Nyarasdy I. Comparative analysis of pulpal circulatory reaction to an acetone-containing and an acetone-free bonding agent as measured by vital microscopy. Oper Dent 2002; 27: 367-372.
• Miwa Z, Ikawa M, Iijima H, Saito M, Takagi Y. Pulpal blood flow in vital and nonvital young permanent teeth measured by TLP: a pilot study. Pediatr Dent 2002 Nov-Dec; 24(6): 594-8.
• User’s manual. Stockholm: perimed. 1991.
• Öberg PA. Laser Doppler Flowmetry. Critical reviews in Biomedical Engineering. 1993; 18(2):125-163.
• Vongsavan N, Matthews B. Experiments on extracted teeth into the validity of using laser Doppler techniques for recording pulpal blood flow. Archs Oral Biol 1993; 38(5): 431-439.
• Matthews B, Vongsavan N. Advantages and limitations of laser Doppler flowmeters. Int Endod J 1993; 26(1): 9-10.
• Baab DA, Öberg PA. The effect of cigarette smoking on gingival blood flow in humans. J Clin Periodontol 1987 14: 418-424
• Roth AC, Zook EG, Brown R, Zamboni WA. Nipple-areolar perfusion and reduction mammaplasty: correlation of laser Doppler readings with surgical complications. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996 Feb; 97(2): 381-6.
• Park DH, Hwang JW, Jang KS, Han DG, Ahn KY, Baik BS. Use of laser Doppler flowmetry for estimation of the depth of burns. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998 May; 101(6): 1516-23.
• Banwell PE, Tyler MP, Watts AM, Roberts AH, McGrouther DA. Burn depth estimation: use of laser Doppler flowmetry. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999 Jan; 103(1): 334-5.
• Yuen JC, Feng Z. Monitoring free flaps using the laser Doppler flowmeter: five-year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Jan; 105(1): 55-61.
• Light TD, Jeng JC, Jain AK, Jablonski KA, Kim DE, Phillips TM, Rizzo AG, Jordan MH. The 2003 Carl A Moyer Award: real-time metabolic monitors, ischemia-reperfusion, titration endpoints, and ultraprecise burn resuscitation. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2004 Jan-Feb; 25(1): 33-44.
• Kreft B, Marsch WC, Wohlrab J. Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia syndrome. Dermatology 2004; 209(3): 215-7.
• Haase H, Junger M. An expert system for cutaneous blood flow in melanocytic skin lesions. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2004; 30(3-4): 253-62.
• Gloor M, Senger B, Langenauer M, Fluhr JW. On the course of the irritant reaction after irritation with sodium lauryl sulphate. Skin Res Technol 2004 Aug; 10(3): 144-8.
• Prunell GF, Mathiesen T, Svendgaard NA. Experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: cerebral blood flow and brain metabolism during the acute phase in three different models in the rat. Neurosurgery 2004 Feb; 54(2): 42636; discussion 436-7.
• Kilic E, Kilic U, Reiter RJ, Bassetti CL, Hermann DM. Prophylactic use of melatonin protects against focal cerebral ischemia in mice: role of endothelin converting enzyme-1. J Pineal Res 2004 Nov; 37(4): 247-51.
• Shibata M, Ohtani R, Ihara M, Tomimoto H. White matter lesions and glial activation in a novel mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Stroke. 2004 Oct 7 [Epub ahead of print]
• Polat S, Er K, Akpinar KE, Polat NT. The sources of laser Doppler blood-flow signals recorded from vital and root canal treated teeth. Arch Oral Biol. 2004 Jan; 49(1): 53-7.
• Zanetta-Barbosa D,Klinge B, Svensson H. Laser Doppler flowmetry of blood perfusion in mucoperiosteal flaps covering membranes in bone augmentation and implant procedures. A pilot study in dogs. Clin Oral Impl Res 1993; 4:35-38.
• Öztürk M, Polat S, Yilmaz D. Farkli oranlarda epinefrin HCl içeren %4 artikain HCl’ün dis ve disetinin kanlanmasi üzerine olan etkilerinin Lazer Doppler flowmetry teknigi ile incelenmesi. CÜ Dishek Fak Derg 1998; 1: 19-23.
• Buckley J G, Jones ML, Hill M, Sugar AW. An evaluation of the changes in maxillary pulpal blood flow associated with orthognathic surgery. Br J Orthod 1999; 26: 39-45.
• Wong K. Laser Doppler flowmetry for clinical detection of blood flow as a measure of vitality in sinus bone grafts. Implant Dent 2000; 9(2):133-42.
• Justus T, Chang BL, Bloomquist D, Ramsay DS. Human gingival and pulpal blood flow during healing after Le Fort I osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001 Jan; 59(1): 2-7; discussion 7-8.
• Ozturk M, Doruk C, Ozec I, Polat S, Babacan H, Bicakci AA. Pulpal blood flow: effects of corticotomy and midline osteotomy in surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2003 Apr; 31(2): 97-100.
• Sato M, Harada K, Okada Y, Omura K. Blood-flow change and recovery of sensibility in the maxillary dental pulp after a single segment Le Fort I osteotomy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003 Jun;95(6): 660-4.
• Harada K, Sato M, Omura K. Blood-flow and neurosensory changes in the maxillary dental pulp after differing Le Fort I osteotomies. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004 Jan; 97(1): 12-7.
• Strobl H, Emshoff I, Bertram S, Emshoff R. Laser Doppler flow investigation of fractured permanent maxillary incisors. J Oral Rehabil 2004; 31: 23-28.
• Strobl H, Haas M, Norer B, Gerard S, Emshoff R. Evaluation of pulpal blood flow after tooth splinting of luxated permanent maxillary incisors. Dent Traumatol 2004; 20: 36-41.
• Ramsay DS, Arthur J, Martinen SS. Reliability of pulpal blood-flow measurements utilizing Laser Doppler Flowmetry. J Dent Res 1991; 70(11): 1427-30.
• Hinrichs JE, Jarzembinski C, Hardie N, Aeppli D. Intrasulcular laser Doppler readings before and after root planing. J Clin Periodontol 1995 Nov; 22(11): 817-23.
• Kerdvongbundit V, Vongsavan N, Soo-Ampon S, Hasegawa A. Microcirculation and micromorphology of healthy and inflamed gingivae. Odontology 2003 Sep; 91(1): 19
• Develioglu H, Demirer S. Sigara kullanan ve kullanmayan bireylerde diseti kan akisi (GBF) ölçümlerinin karssilastirilmasi. CÜ Dishek Fak Derg 1999; 2: 80-2.
• Meekin TN, Wilson RF, Scoot DA, Ide M, Palmer RM. Laser Doppler flowmeter measurement of relative gingival and forehead skin blood flow in light and heavy smokers during and after smoking. J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27: 236-242.
• Mavropoulos A, Aars H, Brodin P: The acute effects of smokeless tobacco (snuff) on gingival blood flow in man. J Periodont Res 2001; 36:221-226.
• Vag J, Fazekas A. Effect of crown magrin on the condition of the gingiva. Fogorv Sz. 2000 Feb; 93(2): 35-44.
• Vag J, Fazekas A. Influence of restorative manipulations on the blood perfusion of human marginal gingiva as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. J Oral Rehabil 2002 29; 52-57.
• Fazekas A, Csabai Z, Csempezs F, Vag J. Effect of retraction materials on the blood supply of marjinal gingiva. Fogorv Sz 2000 Oct; 93(10):289-96.
• Fazekas A, Csempesz F, Csabai Z, Vag J. Effects of pre-soaked retraction cords on the microcirculation of the human gingival margin. Oper Dent 2002 Jul-Aug; 27(4): 343-8.
• H. Akazawa, K Sakurai. Changes of blood flow in the mucosa underlying a mandibular denture following pressure assumed as a result of light clenching. J Oral Rehabil 2002; 29: 336-340.
• Yanpiset K, Vongsavan N, Sigurdsson A, Trope M. Efficiacy of laser Doppler flowmetry for the diagnosis of revascularization of reimplanted immature dog teeth. Dent Traumatol 2001; 17:63-70.
• Roeykens HJJ, Van Maele GOG, Martens LCM, De Moor RJC. A two-probe laser Doppler flowmetry assessmaent as an exclusive diagnostic device in a long term follow-up of traumatised teeth: a case report. Dent Traumatol 2002; 18: 86-91.
• Andreasen J.O., Andreasen F.M., Textbook and Color Atlas Of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. 3 ed Munkssgaard Copenhagen. Mosby, 1994.
• Akpinar KE, Er K, Polat S, Polat NT. Effect of gingiva on laser doppler pulpal blood flow measurements. J Endod 2004 Mar; 30(3): 138-40.
• Ishikawa H, Nakamura S, Misaki K, Kudoh M, Fukuda H, Yoshida S. Scar tissue distribution on palates and its relation to maxillary dental arch form. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1998 Jul;35(4): 313-9.
• Chu S, Ishikawa H, Kim T, Yoshida S. Analyasis of scar tissue distribution on rat palates: a laser Doppler flowmetric study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2000 Sep; 37(5): 488-96.
• Buckley JG, Jones ML, Hill M, Sugar AW. An evaluation of the changes in maxillary pulpal blood flow associated with orthognathic surgery. Br J Orthod 1999 Mar; 26(1): 39-45.
• Firestone AR, Wheatley AM, Thuer UW. Measurement of blood perfusion in the dental pulp with laser Doppler flowmetry. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 1997 Nov-Dec; 17(6): 298-304.
• Barwick PJ, Ramsay DS. Effect of brief intrusive force on human pulpal blood flow. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996 Sep; 110(3): 273-9.
• Ikawa M, Fujiwara M, Horiuchi H, Shimauchi H. The effect of short-term tooth intrusion on human pulpal blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Arch Oral Biol 2001 Sep; 46(9): 781-7.
• Sano Y, Ikawa M, Sugawara J, Horiuchi H, Mitani H. The effect of continuous intrusive force on human pulpal blood flow. Eur J Orthod 2002 Apr; 24(2): 159-66.
• Ebihara A, Tokita Y, Izawa T, Suda H. Pulpal blood flow assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry in a tooth with a horizontal root fracture. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996 Feb; 81(2): 229-33.
• Fratkin RD, Kenny DJ, Johnston DH. Evaluation of a laser Doppler flowmeter to assess blood flow in human primary incisor teeth. Pediatr Dent 1999 Jan-Feb; 21(1): 53-6.
• Grigar A, Ivanyi I, Balogh AE, Rosivall L, Nyarasdy I. Acute effect of calcium hydroxide cement in rat’s dental pulpal microcirculation. Fogorv Sz 2001 Jun; 94(3): 107-9.
• Chandler NP, Pitt Ford TR, Watson TF. Pattern of transmission of laser light through carious molar teeth. Int Endod J 2001; 34(7): 526-32.
• Erdem M., Klinik Tanida Lazer Doppler Flowmetry Metodundan Yararlanilmasi Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 1997.
• Ikawa M, Komatsu H, Ikawa K, Mayanagi h, Shimauchi H. Age-related changes in the human pulpal lood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Dent Traumatol 2003; 19:36-40.
• Periflux Systems, System 4000, Perimed.
• Ahn J, Pogrel MA. The effects of %2 lidocaine wth 1:100,000 ephinephrine on pulpal and gingival blood flow. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 85: 197-202.
• Vongsavan N, Matthews B. Some aspects of the use of laser Doppler flowmeters for recording tisue blood flow. Experimental Physiology 1993; 78: 1-14.
• Vongsavan N, Matthews B. The vascularity of dental pulp in cats. J Dent Res 1992; 71(2):1913-1915.
• Miserendino LJ, Pick RM. Lasers in dentistry. 1 ed Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc. Chicago, Berlin, London, Tokyo, Sao Paulo, Moscow and Warsaw. 1995.