FASİYAL ASİMETRİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 106 - 112, 28.03.2018

Özge Uslu Akçam

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.410497

Öz

Fasiyal
asimetri yüzün iki tarafı arasındaki boyut veya ilişki uyumsuzluğudur. Normal
insan yüzünde hafif derecede asimetri mevcuttur ve estetik ve fonksiyon
açısından problem oluşturmaz. Belirgin asimetriler ise hem estetik hem de
fonksiyon açısından problem yaratabilir. Genelde fasiyal asimetri vakaları
birçok faktörün birleşiminden oluşur. Doğru teşhis için dentofasiyal yapıların
uygun değerlendirilmesi gerekir. Fasiyal asimetri vakaları klinik değerlendirme
ve çeşitli görüntüleme yöntemleri ile teşhis edilir. Ortodontik veya cerrahi
tedavi planı oluşturulurken teşhis aşamasında dikkatli olunmalı, hastanın
tedavi sonu yüz yapısı, okluzyonu ve orta hattı detaylıca planlanmalıdır. Hastanın
yaşına, asimetri nedenine, şekline ve şiddetine göre çeşitli tedavi
yaklaşımları uygulanabilir.

Bu
derlemenin amacı fasiyal asimetriyi tanımlamak, etiyolojisi, prevalansı,
teşhisi ve tedavi yöntemleri hakkında bilgi vermektir.

Anahtar kelimeler: Fasiyal asimetri, ortodonti, ortognatik cerrahi

FACIAL ASYMMETRY

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fasiyal asimetri, ortodonti

Kaynakça

• 1. Stedman T. Stedman’s medical dictionary. 27th ed. Baltimore; The Williams and Wilkins Company: 1966. p. 51. 2. Maheswari S, Verma SK, Gaur A, Dhiman S. Diagnosis and management of facial asymmetries. J Orthodontic Res 2015;3:81-7.
• 3. Lindauer SJ. Seminars in Orthodontics. Introduction (Guest editor). Semin Orthod 1998;4:133. 4. Vig PS, Hewitt AB. Asymmetry of human facial skeleton. Angle Orthod 1975;45:125-9. 5. Shah SM, Joshi MR. An Assessment of asymmetry in the normal craniofacial complex. Angle Orthod 1978;48:128-41. 6. Farkas LG, Cheung G. Facial asymmetry in healthy North American Caucasians. An anthropometrical study. Angle Orthod 1981;51:7-70. 7. Lundstrom A. Some asymmetries of the dental arches, jaws, and skull, and their etiological significance. Am J Orthod 1961;47:81-106. 8. Grammer K, Thornhill R. Human facial attractiveness and sexual selection: the role of symmetry and averageness. J Comp Psychol 1994;108:233-42.
• 9. Rhodes G, Sumich A, Byatt G. Are average facial configurations attractive only because of their symmetry? Psychol Sci 1999;10:52-8.
• 10. Sforza C, Laino A, D’Alessio R, Grandi G, Dellavia C, Tartaglia G, et al. Three dimensional facial morphometry of attractive Italian women. Prog Orthod 2007;8:282-93.
• 11. Shaw WC, Rees G, Dawe M, Charles CR. The influence of dentofacial appearance on the social attractiveness of young adults. Am J Orthod 1985;87:21-6.
• 12. Lu KH. Harmonic analysis of the human face. Biometrics 1965;21:491-505.
• 13. Pirttiniemi P, Kantomaa T, Lahtela P. Relationship between craniofacial and condyle path asymmetry in unilateral crossbite patients. Eur J Orthod 1990;12:408-13.
• 14. Langlois JH, Roggman LA. Attractive faces are only average. Psychol Sci 1990;1:115-21.
• 15. Langlois JH, Roggman LA, Musselman L. What is average and what is not average about attractive faces. Psychol Sci 1994;5:214-20.
• 16. Alaşalvar F, Kocadereli İ. Ortodontide hasta-hekim ilişkisi ve hasta psikolojisi. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2015;10:167-76.
• 17. Hwang HS, YUan D, Jeong KH, Uhm GS, Cho JH, Yoon SJ. Three-dimensional soft tissue analysis for the evaluation of facial asymmetry in normal occlusion individuals. Korean J Orthod 2012;42:56-63. 18.
• 19. Rajpara Y, Shyagali TR. An assessment of sexual dimorphism in relation to facial asymmetry in esthetically pleasing faces. Acta Inform Med 2015;23:44-8.
• 20. Proffit WR, Fields HW Jr, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. 4th ed. St Louis; Mosby: 2007. p. 5.
• 21. Bittner C, Pancherz H. Facial morphology and malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990;97:308-15.
• 22. Kim WA, Lee KH, Hwang HS. Comparison of asymmetric degree between maxillofacial hard and soft tissue in facial asymmetric subjects using three dimensional computed tomography. Korean J Orthod 2005;35:163-73.
• 23. Pirttiniemi PM. Associations of mandibular and facial asymmetries-a review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994;106:109-200. 24. Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Skeletal asymmetry in esthetically pleasing faces. Angle Orthod 1991;61:43-8.
• 25. Maeda M, Katsumata A, Ariji Y, Muramatsu A, Yoshida K, Goto S, et al. 3D-CT evaluation of facial asymmetry in patients with maxillofacial deformities. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;102:382-90.
• 26. Sheats RD, McGorray SP, Musmar Q, Wheeler TT, King GJ. Prevalence of orthodontic asymmetries. Semin Orthod 1998;4:138-45.
• 27. Üçüncü N, Güven O. Fasiyal asimetri vakasına ortognatik yaklaşım. Türk Ortodonti Dergisi 1990;3:125-8.
• 28. Sanders DA, Chandhoke TK, Uribe FA, Rigali PH, Nanda R. Quantification of skeletal asymmetries in normal adolescents: cone beam computed tomography analysis. Prog Orthod 2014;15:26.
• 29. Ravi MS, Prasad RB, Prasad SV, Vijayalakshmi BM, Benny S. Assessment of dentofacial structures in transverse plane in individuals with long face. Indian J of Multidisciplinary Dentistry 2014;4:28-32.
• 30. Smith WM. Hemispheric and facial asymmetry: gender differences. Laterality 2000;5:251-8.
• 31. Haraguchi S, Iguchi Y, Takada K. Asymmetry of the face in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod 2008;78:421-6.
• 32. Cohen MM Jr. Perspectives on craniofacial asymmetry. III. Common and/or well-known causes of asymmetry. Int J Oral Maxillofacial Surg 1995;24:127-33.
• 33. Reyneke JP, Tsakiris P, Kienle F. A simple classification for surgical treatment planning of maxillomandibular asymmetry. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;35:349-51.
• 34. Agrawal M, Agrawal JA, Nanjannawar L, Fulari S, Kagi V. Dentofacial asymmetries: challenging diagnosis and treatment planning. J International Oral Health 2015;7:128-31.
• 35. Bishara SE, Burkey PS, Kharouf JG. Dental and facial asymmetries: a review. Angle Orthod 1994;64:89-98.
• 36. Chia MS, Naini FB, Gill DS. The etiology, diagnosis and management of mandibular asymmetry. Ortho Update 2008;1:44-52.
• 37. Cheong TV, Lo LJ. Facial asymmetry: etiology, avluation and management. Chang Gung Med J 2011;34:341-51.
• 38. Haraguchi S, Takada K, Yasuda Y. Facial asymmetry in subjects with skeletal Class III deformity. Angle Orthod 2002;72:28-35.
• 39. Sandor GKB, McGuire TP, Ylikontiola LP, Serio WS, Pirttiniemi PM. Management of facial asymmetry. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2007;19:395-422.
• 40. Farkas LG, Posnick JC, Hreczko TM. Growth patterns of the face: a morphometric study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1992;29:308-15.
• 41. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Poggio CE, Tartaglia G. Distance from symmetry: a three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994;52:1126-32.
• 42. Severt TR, Proffit WR. The prevalence of facial asymmetry in the dentofacial deformities population at the University of North Carolina. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 1997;12:171-6.
• 43. Bailey LJ, Haltiwaner LH, Blakey GH, Proffit WR. Who seeks surgical orthodontic treatment: a current review. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 2001;16:280-92.
• 44. Willems G, De Bruyne I, Verdonck A, Fieuws S, Carels C. Prevalence of dentofacial characteristics in a Belgian orthodontic population. Clin Oral Investig 2001;5:220-6.
• 45. Boeck EM, Lunard N, Pinto AS, Pizzol KEC, Boeck Neto RJ. Occurrence of skeletal malocclusions in Brazilian patients with dentofacial deformities. Braz Dent J 2011;22:340-5.
• 46. Samman N, Tong AC, Cheung DL, Tideman H. Analysis of 300 dentofacial deformities in Hong Kong. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 1992;7:181-5.
• 47. Gribel BF, Thiesen G, Borges T, Freitas MPM. Prevalence of mandibular asymmetry in skeletal Class I adult patients. J Research Dent. 2014;2:189-97.
• 48. Kronmiller JE. Development of asymmetries. Semin Orthod 1998;4:134-7.
• 49. Chew MT. Soft and hard tissue changes after bimaxillary surgery in Chinese Class III patients. Angle Orthod 2005;75:959-63.
• 50. Chew MT. Spectrum and management of dentofacial deformities in a multiethnic Asian population. Angle Orthod 2006;76:806-9.
• 51. Good S, Edler R, Wertheim D, Greenhill D. A computerized photographic assessment of the relationship between skeletal discrepancy and mandibular outline asymetry. Eur J Orthod 2006;28:97-102.
• 52. Burstone CJ. Diagnosis and treatment planning of patients with asymmetries. Semin Orthod 1998;4:153-64.
• 53. Legan HL. Surgical correction of patients with asymmetries. Semin Orthod 1998;4:189-98.
• 54. Kawamoto HK, Kim SS, Jarrahy R, Bradley JP. Differential diagnosis of the idiopathic laterally deviated mandible. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009;124:1599-609.
• 55. Thiesen G, Gribel BF, Freitas MPM. Facial asymmetry: a current review. Dental Press J Orthod 2015;20:110-25.
• 56. Padwa BL, KaiserMO, Kaban LB. Occlusal cant in the frontal plane as a reflection of facial asymmetry. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;55:811-7.
• 57. Keen RR, Callahan GR. Osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle: report of case. J Oral Surg 1977;35:140-3.
• 58. Smith RJ, Bailit HL. Prevalence and etiology of asymmetries in occlusion. Angle Orthod 1979;49:199-204.
• 59. Lewis PD. The deviated midline. Am J Orthod 1976;70:601-16.
• 60. Jerrold L, Lowenstein LJ. The midline: diagnosis and treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990;97:453-62.
• 61. Cook JT. Asymmetry of the cranio-facial skeleton. British J Orthod 1980;7:33-8.
• 62. Van Elslande DC, Russett SJ, Major PW, Flores-Mir C. Mandibular asymmetry diagnosis with panoramic imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;134:183-92.
• 63. Nanda R, Snodell SF, Bollu P. Transverse growth of maxilla and mandible. Semin Orthod 2012;18:100-17.
• 64. Weinberg SM, Naidoo S, Govier DP, Martin RA, Knae AA, Marazita ML. Anthropometric precision and accuracy of digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: comparing the Genex and 3dmd imaging systems with one another and with direct anthropometry. J Craniofac Surg 2006;17:477-83.
• 65. Lübbers HT, Medinger L, Kruse A, Gratz KW, Matthews F. Precision and accuracy of the 3dmd photogrammetric system in craniomaxillofacial application. J Craniofac Surg 2010;21:763-7.
• 66. Kim EJ, Palomo JM, Kim SS, Lim HJ, Lee KM, Hwang HS. Maxillofacial characteristics affecting chin deviation between mandibular retrusion and prognathism patients. Angle Orthod 2011;81:988-93.
• 67. de Moraes ME, Hollender LG, Chen CS, Moraes LC, Balducci I. Evaluating craniofacial asymmetry with digital cephalometric images and cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:523-31.
• 68. AlHadidi A, Cevidanes LH, Mol A, Ludlow J, Styner M. Comparison of two methods for quantitative assessment of mandibular asymmetry using cone beam computed tomography image volumes. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2011;40:351-7.
• 69. AlHadidi A, Cevidanes LH, Paniagua B, Cook R, Festy F, Tyndall D. 3D quantification of mandibular asymmetry using the SPHARM-PDM tool box. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2012;7:265-71.
• 70. Damstra J, Fourie Z, Ren Y. Evaluation and comparison of postero-anterior cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography images for the detection of mandibular asymmetry. Eur J Orthod 2013;35:45-50.
• 71. Patel A, Islam SM, Murray K, Goonewardene MS. Facial asymmetry assessment in adults using three-dimensional surface imaging. Prog Orthod 2015;16:36.
• 72. Nanda R, Margolis MJ. Treatment strategies for midline dicrepancies. Semin Orthod 1996;2:84-9.
• 73. Janson G, Dainesi EA, Henriques JF, de Freitas MR, de Lima KJ. Class II subdivision treatment success rate with symmetric and asymmetric extraction protocols. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2003;124:257-64.
• 74. Sarnas KV, Pancherz H, Rune B, Selvik G. Hemifacial microsomia treated with the Herbst appliance. Report of a case analyzed by means of roentgen stereometry and metallic implants. Am J Orthod 1982;82:68-74.
• 75. Choi JY, Choi JP, Lee YK, Baek SH. Simultaneous correction of hard- and soft-tissue facial asymmetry: combination of orthognathic surgery and face lift using a resorbable fixation device. J Craniofac Surg 2010;21:363-70.
• 76. Ferguson JW. Definitive surgical correction of the deformity resulting from hemimandibular hyperplasia. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005;33:150-7.
• 77. Gorney M, Harries T. The preoperative and postoperative consideraiton of natural facial asymmetry. Plast Reconstr Surg 1974;54:187-91.
• 78. Mackool RJ, Hopper RA, Grayson BH, Holliday R, McCarthy JG. Volumetric change of the medial pterygoid following distraction osteogenesis of the mandible: an example of the associated soft-tissue changes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;111:1804-7.
• 79. Bavbek NC, Dinçer M. Sınır (borderline) olgularda ortodontik kamuflaj tedavisinin kararlaştırılmasına etki eden faktörler. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2012;5:44-51.
• 80. Güray E, Basa S, Karaman Aİ. Fasiyal asimetride kamuflaj tedavisi (vaka takdimi). Türk Ortodonti Dergisi 1994;7:227-32.