ÇÜRÜK RİSKİ VE GENETİK

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 350 - 356, 22.03.2019

Gül Yıldız Telatar , R. Banu Ermiş

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.289346

Cited By: 3

Öz

Multifaktöriyel bir hastalık olan diş çürüğünün etiyolojisi
yıllardır araştırılmaktadır. Aynı çevresel risk faktörlerine maruz kalan
bireylerin çürük riskinin aynı olmadığı belirlenmiş ve bu sonuç çürüğün
etiyolojisinde genetik faktörlerin de rol oynadığını akla getirmiştir. Diş
çürükleri toplumun tamamında görüldüğü için geçmişte, genetik faktörlerin diş
çürüğünün etiyolojisi üzerindeki etkisi önemsenmemiştir. Son on yılda
bireylerin çürük riskine etki eden genetik faktörler ile ilişkili çalışmalarda
artış gözlenmiştir. Diş çürüğü üzerine yapılan genetik araştırmalar 1930’lu
yıllarda deneysel hayvan çalışmaları ve gözlemsel araştırmalar olarak
başlamıştır. İnsanlar üzerindeki gen polimorfizmini inceleyen çalışmalar ancak
son yıllarda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İncelenen genler çürük riskiyle ilişkisine
göre spesifik kategorilerde gruplandırılmaktadır. Günümüzde incelenen başlıca
gen kategorileri mineralizasyon, ağız içi savunma elemanları, tükürük
proteinleri, tat alma ve beslenme tercihleri ile ilgili genetik çalışmaları içermektedir.
Çürüğün karmaşık karakterli bir hastalık olması, birçok biyolojik ve çevresel
faktörlerden etkilenmesi ve çürük ile ilişkili genetik araştırmaların yetersiz
olması nedeniyle daha fazla sayıda genetik temelli çalışmalara ihtiyaç
duyulmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, diş çürüğü ile ilişkili mevcut genetik
çalışmalar ve gen polimorfizmleri hakkında kısa bir bilgilendirme sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diş çürüğü, genetik polimorfizm,
genetik araştırmalar

CARIES RISK AND GENETIC

ABSTRACT

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease and the etiology of
caries has been studied for many years. 
However when exposed to the same levels of environmental risk factors,
some patients may be more susceptible or resistant to caries than others. Those
differences may be due to genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of dental
caries. In the past, the importance of genetic factors was disregarded mainly
because the dental caries was present in almost the entire population. The last
decade has seen a steep increase in research related to genetic factors
influencing individuals’ caries risk. Genetic research applied to dental caries
began in the 1930s with experimental reports in animals and human observational
research. Only recently, have some studies begun to search for gene
polymorphisms in humans. These genes can be grouped in specific categories,
based on the factor influencing dental caries. The major candidate gene
categories to date include; enamel formation genes, immune response genes,
genes related to saliva and genes related to taste and dietary habits.  Due to the complex characteristics of the
disease, the strong influence from several biological and environmental
factors, and the small number of genetic studies related to dental caries, the
genetic basis still requires further study. The aim of this review is to
provide a brief description of the current genetic studies and gene
polymorphisms related to dental caries.

Key words: Dental caries, genetic polymorphism, genetic research

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diş çürüğü, genetik polimorfizm

Kaynakça

• 1. Evans R, Lo E, Darwell B. Determinants of Variation in Dental Caries Experience in Primary Teeth of Hong Kong Children Aged 6-8 Years. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993;21:1-3.
• 2. Werneck RI, Mira MT, Trevilatto PC. A Critical Review: An Overview of Genetic Influence on Dental Caries. Oral Dis 2010;16:613-23.
• 3. Zero DT. Dental Caries Process. Dent Clin North Am 1999;43:635-64.
• 4. Al Mulla AH, Kharsa SA, Kjellberg H, Birkhed D. Caries Risk Profiles in Orthodontic Patients at Follow-up Using Cariogram. Angle Orthod 2009;79:323-30.
• 5. Drake CW, Hunt RJ, Beck JD, Koch GG. Eighteen-month Coronal Caries Incidence in North Carolina Older Adults. J Public Health Dent 1994;54:24-30.
• 6. Joshi A, Papas AS, Giunta J. Root Caries Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in Middle-aged and Older Adults. Gerodontology 1993;10:83-9.
• 7. MacEntee MI, Clark DC, Glick N. Predictors of Caries in Old Age. Gerodontology 1993;10:90-7.
• 8. Ruiz Miravet A, Montiel Company JM, Almerich Silla JM. Evaluation of Caries Risk in a Young Adult Population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2007;12: 412-18.
• 9.Yildiz G, Ermis RB, Calapoglu NS, Celik EU, Türel GY. Gene-Environment Interactions in the Etiology of Dental Caries. J Dent Res 2016;95:74-9.
• 10.Yıldız G, Ermiş RB. AMELX Gen Polimorfizminin Cinsiyet ve Çürük Riski Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Acta Odontol Turc (Basımda).
• 21. Briseño-Ruiz J, Shimizu T, Deeley K, Dizak PM, Ruff TD, Faraco IM Jr, Poletta FA, Brancher JA, Pecharki GD, Küchler EC, Tannure PN, Lips A, Vieira TC, Patir A, Koruyucu M, Mereb JC, Resick JM, Brandon CA, Letra A, Silva RM, Cooper ME, Seymen F, Costa MC, Granjeiro JM, Trevilatto PC, Orioli IM, Castilla EE, Marazita ML, Vieira AR. Role of TRAV Locus in Low Caries Experience. Hum Genet 2013;132:1015-25.
• 22. Slayton RL, Cooper ME, Marazita ML. Tuftelin, Mutans Streptococci, and Dental Caries Susceptibility. J Dent Res 2005;84: 711-14.
• 23. Patir A, Seymen F, Yildirim M, Deeley K, Cooper ME, Marazita ML, Vieira AR. Enamel Formation Genes are Associated with High Caries Experience in Turkish Children. Caries Res 2008;42:394-400.
• 24. Deeley K, Letra A, Rose EK, Brandon CA, Resick JM, Marazita ML, Vieira AR. Possible Association of Amelogenin to High Caries Experience in a Guatemalan-Mayan Population. Caries Res 2008;42:8-13.
• 25. Gasse B, Grabar S, Lafont AG, Quinquis L, Opsahl Vital S, Davit-Béal T. Common Snps of Amelogeninx (AMELX) and Dental Caries Susceptibility. J Dent Res 2013;92:418-24.
• 26. Wang X, Willing MC, Marazita ML, Wendell S, Warren JJ, Broffitt B, Smith B, Busch T, Lidral AC, Levy SM. Genetic and Environmental Factors Associated with Dental Caries in Children: The Iowa Fluoride Study. Caries Res 2012;46:177-84.
• 27. Nikiforuk G. Understanding Dental Caries. Vol. 1: Etiology & Mechanism. Switzerland: S. Karger AG, 1985.
• 28. Kang SW, Yoon I, Lee HW, Cho J. Association Between AMELX Polymorphisms and Dental Caries in Koreans. Oral Dis 2011;17:399-406.
• 29. Demirci F, Tanik A Güven S. Amelogenezis Imperfekta: Sınıflama, Teşhis ve Tedavi (Derleme). Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2015;12:149-55.
• 30. Tannure PN, Küchler EC, Lips A, Costa Mde C, Luiz RR, Granjeiro JM, Vieira AR. Genetic Variation in MMP20 Contributes to Higher Caries Experience. J Dent 2012;40:381-86.
• 41. Bagherian A, Nematollahi H, Afshari JT, Moheghi N. Comparison of Allele Frequency for HLA-DR and HLA-DQ Between Patients with ECC and Caries-Free Children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2008;26:18-21.
• 42. De Soet JJ, van Gemert-Schriks MC, Laine ML, van Amerongen WE, Morré SA, van Winkelhoff AJ. Host and Microbiological Factors Related to Dental Caries Development. Caries Res 2008; 42:340-47.
• 43. Pehlivan S, Koturoğlu G, Ozkinay F, Alpoz AR, Sipahi M, Pehlivan M. Might There Be a Link Between Mannosebinding Lectin Polymorphism and Dental Caries? Mol Immunol 2005;42:1125-27.
• 44. Bretz WA, Corby PM, Melo MR, Coelho MQ, Costa SM, Robinson M, Schork NJ, Drewnowski A, Hart TC.Heritability Estimates for Dental Caries and Sucrose Sweetness Preference. Arch Oral Biol 2006;51:1156-60.
• 45. Wright JT. Defining the Contribution of Genetics in the Etiology of Dental Caries. J Dent Res 2010;89:1173-74.
• 46. Wendell S, Wang X, Brown M, Cooper ME, DeSensi RS, Weyant RJ, Crout R, McNeil DW, Marazita ML.Taste Genes Associated with Dental Caries. J Dent Res 2010;89:1198-1202.
• 47. Rupesh S, Nayak UA. Genetic Sensitivity to the Bitter Taste of 6-n Propylthiouracil: A New Risk Determinant for Dental Caries in Children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2006;24:63-8.