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EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEPTION OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSION AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 182 - 187, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.860100

Öz

Aim: This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the perception of orthodontic malocclusion and self-esteem in patients admitted to our clinic in order to receive orthodontic treatment. At the same time, the perception of orthodontic malocclusion was compared in terms of patient and orthodontist in the study.
Materials and Methods: A total of 152 individuals (74 males and 78 females) aged between 14-18 years were included in the study. In our study, we used the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) aesthetics scale for the perception of orthodontic malocclusions, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for the evaluation of self-esteem, and the Facial Image Scale (FIS) for the determination of the current mood. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between gender and results, Spearman’s correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between scores given by the patients and orthodontist to the IOTN aesthetics scale, self-esteem level and FIS, and the two-way repeated measures ANOVA test was used to examine these parameters with the gender variable.
Results: There was no significant relationship between the patients’ perception of orthodontic malocclusion and self-esteem (p>0.05). The relationship between the scores given by the patients and orthodontist to the IOTN aesthetics scale was significant (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between the gender variable and other parameters (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Our results show that there is no relationship between the patients’ perception of orthodontic malocclusion and self-esteem.
Keywords: Psychology; Malocclusion; Adolescent

Ortodontik Tedavi Olmak İsteyen Hastaların Ortodontik Bozukluk Algısı ile Benlik Saygısı Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı ortodontik tedavi olma isteği ile kliniğimize başvuran hastaların ortodontik bozukluk algısı ile benlik saygısı arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Çalışmada aynı zamanda ortodontik bozukluk algısının hasta ve hekim açısından karşılaştırması da yapılmıştır.
Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çalışma yaşları 14-18 arasında olan, 74 erkek ve 78 kız toplam 152 birey üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmamızda ortodontik bozuklukların algılanmasında Ortodontik Tedavi Gereksinimi İndeksi (OTGİ) estetik skalası, benlik saygısının değerlendirilmesinde Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği ve o anki duygu durumunun tespiti için Yüz Görüntü Ölçeği (YGÖ) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçların cinsiyet ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesinde ki kare testi, hastaların ve hekimin OTGİ estetik skalasına verdikleri puanlarla, benlik saygısı düzeyi ve YGÖ arasındaki ilişki Spearman korelasyon testi, bu parametreleri cinsiyet değişkeniyle beraber incelemek için 2x2 tekrarlı ölçümler Anova testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Hastaların ortodontik bozukluk algısı ile benlik saygısı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Hastaların ve hekimin OTGİ estetik skalasına verdikleri puanlar arasındaki ilişki anlamlıdır (p<0,05). Cinsiyet değişkeniyle diğer parametreler arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Bulgularımız hastaların ortodontik bozukluk algısı ile benlik saygısı arasında bir ilişki olmadığını göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Psikoloji; Maloklüzyon; Adölesan

Kaynakça

  • 1. Proffit W, Fields H and Sarver D. Contemporary Orthodontics. St Louis: MO: Mosby Elsevier; 2012.
  • 2. Samsonyanová L and Broukal Z. A systematic review of individual motivational factors in orthodontic treatment: facial attractiveness as the main motivational factor in orthodontic treatment. International journal of dentistry 2014;937-278.
  • 3. Rosen LH and Underwood MK. Facial attractiveness as a moderator of the association between social and physical aggression and popularity in adolescents. Journal of school psychology 2010;48:313-333.
  • 4. Heravi F, Farzanegan F, Tabatabaee M and Sadeghi M. Do malocclusions affect the oral health-related quality of life? Oral health & preventive dentistry 2011;9:229-233.
  • 5. Kazancı DF and Ceylan İ. Ortodontik İndeksler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2010;20:62-75.
  • 6. Shaw WC, Richmond S, Kenealy PM, Kingdon A and Worthington H. A 20-year cohort study of health gain from orthodontic treatment: psychological outcome. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2007;132:146-157.
  • 7. Akfirat ON. Investigation of relationship between psychological well-being, self esteem, perceived general self-efficacy, level of hope and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. European Journal of Education Studies 2020;7:286-306.
  • 8. Sousa ND and Tsingene F. Saef-Smile's Aesthetic Evaluation form: a useful tool to improve communications between clinicians and patients during multidisciplinary treatment. The European journal of esthetic dentistry: official journal of the European Academy of Esthetic Dentistry 2011;6:160-176.
  • 9. Koronczai B, Kökönyei G, Urbán R, Kun B, Pápay O, Nagygyörgy K, Griffiths MD and Demetrovics Z. The mediating effect of self-esteem, depression and anxiety between satisfaction with body appearance and problematic internet use. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse 2013;39:259-265.
  • 10. Rivera SM, Hatch JP and Rugh JD, editors. Psychosocial factors associated with orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment. Seminars in Orthodontics; 2000: Elsevier.
  • 11. Bittencourt JM, Martins LP, Bendo CB, Vale MP and Paiva SM. Negative effect of malocclusion on the emotional and social well-being of Brazilian adolescents: a population-based study. European journal of orthodontics 2017;39:628-633.
  • 12. Önçağ G, Doğan S, Aras I, Topçu O and Işıksal E. Türk Toplumunda Ortodontist, Dişhekimliği Öğrencisi ve Diğer Toplum Bireyleri Arasındaki Ortodontik Düzensizliklerin Algılanma Farklılıkları. EÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2009;30:105-114.
  • 13. Hamdan AM. The relationship between patient, parent and clinician perceived need and normative orthodontic treatment need. The European Journal of Orthodontics 2004;26:265-271.
  • 14. Tolessa M, Singel AT and Merga H. Epidemiology of orthodontic treatment need in southwestern Ethiopian children: a cross sectional study using the index of orthodontic treatment need. BMC oral health 2020;20:1-6.
  • 15. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image: Princeton university press; 2015.
  • 16. Çuhadaroğlu F. Adolesanlarda benlik saygısı. Uzmanlık Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Ankara 1986.
  • 17. Clijmans M, Lemiere J, Fieuws S and Willems G. Impact of self-esteem and personality traits on the association between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in adults seeking orthodontic treatment. European journal of orthodontics 2015;37:643-650.
  • 18. Klages U, Claus N, Wehrbein H and Zentner A. Development of a questionnaire for assessment of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in young adults. The European Journal of Orthodontics 2005;28:103-111.
  • 19. Klages U, Bruckner A and Zentner A. Dental aesthetics, self-awareness, and oral health-related quality of life in young adults. The European Journal of Orthodontics 2004;26:507-514.
  • 20. Mandall N, Wright J, Conboy F and O'Brien K. The relationship between normative orthodontic treatment need and measures of consumer perception. Community Dental Health 2001;18:3-6.
  • 21. AlQuraini N, Shah R and Cunningham SJ. Perceptions of outcomes of orthodontic treatment in adolescent patients: a qualitative study. European journal of orthodontics 2019;41:294-300.
  • 22. Chen M, Wang D-W and Wu L-P. Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy and its impact on oral health-related quality of life in Chinese patients. The Angle Orthodontist 2010;80:49-53.
  • 23. Omer YT, Bouserhal J, Hawas N and El Sayed AAM. Association between normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment need in a Lebanese population. International orthodontics 2016;14:386-398.
  • 24. Watts GD, Christou P and Antonarakis GS. Experiences of individuals concerning combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment: a qualitative Twitter analysis. Medical Principles and Practice 2018;27:227-235.
  • 25. Jung MH. Evaluation of the effects of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on self-esteem in an adolescent population. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2010;138:160-166.
  • 26. Kulaksızoğlu A. Ergenlik psikolojisi, İstanbul, Remzi, 2011.p.41-49.
  • 27. Kılıç M. Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal görünüş kaygıları ile benlik saygıları ve yalnızlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2015.
  • 28. Venete A, Trillo-Lumbreras E, Prado-Gascó V-J, Bellot-Arcís C, Almerich-Silla J-M and Montiel-Company J-M. Relationship between the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics and perfectionism and self-esteem. Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry 2017;9:e1453.
  • 29. Phillips C and Beal KNE. Self-concept and the perception of facial appearance in children and adolescents seeking orthodontic treatment. The Angle Orthodontist 2009;79:12-16.
  • 30. Perillo L, Esposito M, Caprioglio A, Attanasio S, Santini AC and Carotenuto M. Orthodontic treatment need for adolescents in the Campania region: the malocclusion impact on self-concept. Patient preference and adherence 2014;8:353.
  • 31. Çokakoğlu S, Nalçacı R, Aktepe E and Özyer G. Do Different Orthodontic Malocclusions Affect Patients’ Self-Concept and Psychosocial Status? Turkish journal of orthodontics 2016;29:27.

EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEPTION OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSION AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 182 - 187, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.860100

Öz

Aim: This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the perception of orthodontic malocclusion and self-esteem in patients admitted to our clinic in order to receive orthodontic treatment. At the same time, the perception of orthodontic malocclusion was compared in terms of patient and orthodontist in the study.
Materials and Methods: A total of 152 individuals (74 males and 78 females) aged between 14-18 years were included in the study. In our study, we used the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) aesthetics scale for the perception of orthodontic malocclusions, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for the evaluation of self-esteem, and the Facial Image Scale (FIS) for the determination of the current mood. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between gender and results, Spearman’s correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between scores given by the patients and orthodontist to the IOTN aesthetics scale, self-esteem level and FIS, and the two-way repeated measures ANOVA test was used to examine these parameters with the gender variable.
Results: There was no significant relationship between the patients’ perception of orthodontic malocclusion and self-esteem (p>0.05). The relationship between the scores given by the patients and orthodontist to the IOTN aesthetics scale was significant (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between the gender variable and other parameters (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Our results show that there is no relationship between the patients’ perception of orthodontic malocclusion and self-esteem.
Keywords: Psychology; Malocclusion; Adolescent

Ortodontik Tedavi Olmak İsteyen Hastaların Ortodontik Bozukluk Algısı ile Benlik Saygısı Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı ortodontik tedavi olma isteği ile kliniğimize başvuran hastaların ortodontik bozukluk algısı ile benlik saygısı arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Çalışmada aynı zamanda ortodontik bozukluk algısının hasta ve hekim açısından karşılaştırması da yapılmıştır.
Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çalışma yaşları 14-18 arasında olan, 74 erkek ve 78 kız toplam 152 birey üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmamızda ortodontik bozuklukların algılanmasında Ortodontik Tedavi Gereksinimi İndeksi (OTGİ) estetik skalası, benlik saygısının değerlendirilmesinde Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği ve o anki duygu durumunun tespiti için Yüz Görüntü Ölçeği (YGÖ) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçların cinsiyet ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesinde ki kare testi, hastaların ve hekimin OTGİ estetik skalasına verdikleri puanlarla, benlik saygısı düzeyi ve YGÖ arasındaki ilişki Spearman korelasyon testi, bu parametreleri cinsiyet değişkeniyle beraber incelemek için 2x2 tekrarlı ölçümler Anova testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Hastaların ortodontik bozukluk algısı ile benlik saygısı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Hastaların ve hekimin OTGİ estetik skalasına verdikleri puanlar arasındaki ilişki anlamlıdır (p<0,05). Cinsiyet değişkeniyle diğer parametreler arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Bulgularımız hastaların ortodontik bozukluk algısı ile benlik saygısı arasında bir ilişki olmadığını göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Psikoloji; Maloklüzyon; Adölesan

Kaynakça

  • 1. Proffit W, Fields H and Sarver D. Contemporary Orthodontics. St Louis: MO: Mosby Elsevier; 2012.
  • 2. Samsonyanová L and Broukal Z. A systematic review of individual motivational factors in orthodontic treatment: facial attractiveness as the main motivational factor in orthodontic treatment. International journal of dentistry 2014;937-278.
  • 3. Rosen LH and Underwood MK. Facial attractiveness as a moderator of the association between social and physical aggression and popularity in adolescents. Journal of school psychology 2010;48:313-333.
  • 4. Heravi F, Farzanegan F, Tabatabaee M and Sadeghi M. Do malocclusions affect the oral health-related quality of life? Oral health & preventive dentistry 2011;9:229-233.
  • 5. Kazancı DF and Ceylan İ. Ortodontik İndeksler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2010;20:62-75.
  • 6. Shaw WC, Richmond S, Kenealy PM, Kingdon A and Worthington H. A 20-year cohort study of health gain from orthodontic treatment: psychological outcome. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2007;132:146-157.
  • 7. Akfirat ON. Investigation of relationship between psychological well-being, self esteem, perceived general self-efficacy, level of hope and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. European Journal of Education Studies 2020;7:286-306.
  • 8. Sousa ND and Tsingene F. Saef-Smile's Aesthetic Evaluation form: a useful tool to improve communications between clinicians and patients during multidisciplinary treatment. The European journal of esthetic dentistry: official journal of the European Academy of Esthetic Dentistry 2011;6:160-176.
  • 9. Koronczai B, Kökönyei G, Urbán R, Kun B, Pápay O, Nagygyörgy K, Griffiths MD and Demetrovics Z. The mediating effect of self-esteem, depression and anxiety between satisfaction with body appearance and problematic internet use. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse 2013;39:259-265.
  • 10. Rivera SM, Hatch JP and Rugh JD, editors. Psychosocial factors associated with orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment. Seminars in Orthodontics; 2000: Elsevier.
  • 11. Bittencourt JM, Martins LP, Bendo CB, Vale MP and Paiva SM. Negative effect of malocclusion on the emotional and social well-being of Brazilian adolescents: a population-based study. European journal of orthodontics 2017;39:628-633.
  • 12. Önçağ G, Doğan S, Aras I, Topçu O and Işıksal E. Türk Toplumunda Ortodontist, Dişhekimliği Öğrencisi ve Diğer Toplum Bireyleri Arasındaki Ortodontik Düzensizliklerin Algılanma Farklılıkları. EÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2009;30:105-114.
  • 13. Hamdan AM. The relationship between patient, parent and clinician perceived need and normative orthodontic treatment need. The European Journal of Orthodontics 2004;26:265-271.
  • 14. Tolessa M, Singel AT and Merga H. Epidemiology of orthodontic treatment need in southwestern Ethiopian children: a cross sectional study using the index of orthodontic treatment need. BMC oral health 2020;20:1-6.
  • 15. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image: Princeton university press; 2015.
  • 16. Çuhadaroğlu F. Adolesanlarda benlik saygısı. Uzmanlık Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Ankara 1986.
  • 17. Clijmans M, Lemiere J, Fieuws S and Willems G. Impact of self-esteem and personality traits on the association between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in adults seeking orthodontic treatment. European journal of orthodontics 2015;37:643-650.
  • 18. Klages U, Claus N, Wehrbein H and Zentner A. Development of a questionnaire for assessment of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in young adults. The European Journal of Orthodontics 2005;28:103-111.
  • 19. Klages U, Bruckner A and Zentner A. Dental aesthetics, self-awareness, and oral health-related quality of life in young adults. The European Journal of Orthodontics 2004;26:507-514.
  • 20. Mandall N, Wright J, Conboy F and O'Brien K. The relationship between normative orthodontic treatment need and measures of consumer perception. Community Dental Health 2001;18:3-6.
  • 21. AlQuraini N, Shah R and Cunningham SJ. Perceptions of outcomes of orthodontic treatment in adolescent patients: a qualitative study. European journal of orthodontics 2019;41:294-300.
  • 22. Chen M, Wang D-W and Wu L-P. Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy and its impact on oral health-related quality of life in Chinese patients. The Angle Orthodontist 2010;80:49-53.
  • 23. Omer YT, Bouserhal J, Hawas N and El Sayed AAM. Association between normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment need in a Lebanese population. International orthodontics 2016;14:386-398.
  • 24. Watts GD, Christou P and Antonarakis GS. Experiences of individuals concerning combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment: a qualitative Twitter analysis. Medical Principles and Practice 2018;27:227-235.
  • 25. Jung MH. Evaluation of the effects of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on self-esteem in an adolescent population. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2010;138:160-166.
  • 26. Kulaksızoğlu A. Ergenlik psikolojisi, İstanbul, Remzi, 2011.p.41-49.
  • 27. Kılıç M. Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal görünüş kaygıları ile benlik saygıları ve yalnızlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2015.
  • 28. Venete A, Trillo-Lumbreras E, Prado-Gascó V-J, Bellot-Arcís C, Almerich-Silla J-M and Montiel-Company J-M. Relationship between the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics and perfectionism and self-esteem. Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry 2017;9:e1453.
  • 29. Phillips C and Beal KNE. Self-concept and the perception of facial appearance in children and adolescents seeking orthodontic treatment. The Angle Orthodontist 2009;79:12-16.
  • 30. Perillo L, Esposito M, Caprioglio A, Attanasio S, Santini AC and Carotenuto M. Orthodontic treatment need for adolescents in the Campania region: the malocclusion impact on self-concept. Patient preference and adherence 2014;8:353.
  • 31. Çokakoğlu S, Nalçacı R, Aktepe E and Özyer G. Do Different Orthodontic Malocclusions Affect Patients’ Self-Concept and Psychosocial Status? Turkish journal of orthodontics 2016;29:27.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Zeynep Çoban Büyükbayraktar Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4511-5480

Cenk Doruk Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4399-2770

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çoban Büyükbayraktar, Z., & Doruk, C. (2021). EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEPTION OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSION AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(2), 182-187. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.860100
AMA Çoban Büyükbayraktar Z, Doruk C. EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEPTION OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSION AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. Nisan 2021;31(2):182-187. doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.860100
Chicago Çoban Büyükbayraktar, Zeynep, ve Cenk Doruk. “EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEPTION OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSION AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 31, sy. 2 (Nisan 2021): 182-87. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.860100.
EndNote Çoban Büyükbayraktar Z, Doruk C (01 Nisan 2021) EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEPTION OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSION AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 31 2 182–187.
IEEE Z. Çoban Büyükbayraktar ve C. Doruk, “EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEPTION OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSION AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, c. 31, sy. 2, ss. 182–187, 2021, doi: 10.17567/ataunidfd.860100.
ISNAD Çoban Büyükbayraktar, Zeynep - Doruk, Cenk. “EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEPTION OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSION AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 31/2 (Nisan 2021), 182-187. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.860100.
JAMA Çoban Büyükbayraktar Z, Doruk C. EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEPTION OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSION AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2021;31:182–187.
MLA Çoban Büyükbayraktar, Zeynep ve Cenk Doruk. “EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEPTION OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSION AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 31, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 182-7, doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.860100.
Vancouver Çoban Büyükbayraktar Z, Doruk C. EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEPTION OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSION AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2021;31(2):182-7.

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