DENTAL İMPLANTLAR ETRAFINDA ERKEN DÖNEM MARJINAL KEMIK REZORPSIYONUNU ETKILEYEN FAKTÖRLER

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 4, 639 - 651, 14.10.2021

Engin Özgür Emine Elif Alaaddinoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.806849

Öz

Her geçen yıl diş eksikliklerinde dental implantların kullanımı artmaktadır. Bu ilginin artmasındaki en temel neden implant tedavisinin yüksek başarıya sahip olmasıdır. Bilimsel çalışmalarda dental implant başarısını ortaya koymak amacıyla belirlenmiş ortak kriterler bulunmamaktadır. Farklı araştrımacıların değerlendirdiği parametrelere bakıldığında dental implantlar çevresinde ilk yılda meydana gelen marjinal kemik kaybının en sık kullanılan kriterlerden biri olduğu göze çarpmaktadır.
İmplant fonksiyona girdikten sonra ilk yılda meydana gelen kemik kaybı beklenen bir durumdur. Literatür, dental implantların fonksiyona girdiği ilk yılda marjinal kemik seviyesinde meydana gelen 1,5 - 2 mm' lik değişimin normal olduğunu bildirmektedir. Dental implantlar çevresinde ilk yılda meydana gelen kemik kaybı üzerine etkili faktörleri bilmek, ilk yılda meydana gelebilecek kemik kaybını kontrol altında tutmak adına önemlidir. Bununla birlikte gelişen bilim ve teknoloji ile ilk yılda kaybedilen kemik miktarının daha da azaltmak mümkün olabilir.
Bu derlemenin amacı, erken dönemde implantlar etrafında meydana gelen kemik kayıplarında etkili olan faktörlerin değerlendirilmesidir. İmplant, dayanak ve restorasyona ait faktörlerin yanı sıra okluzal travma ve supra krestal yumuşak doku miktarı gibi etkenler de incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Diş İmplantları, Alveoler Kemik Kaybı, Kemik-İmplant Arayüzü
ABSTRACT
Factors Affecting Early Marginal Bone Resorption Around Dental Implants
Engin Özgür, Emine Elif Alaaddinoğlu
Deparment of Periodontology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
Each year, the preference for replacement of lost teeth with dental implants increases. The main reason of this interest is the high success rates of this treatment. Scientific studies, could not agree on standardized criteria to define the success of dental implant treatment. Considering the parameters evaluated by different researchers, marginal bone loss occurring the first year around dental implants is one of the most frequently used criteria.
Marginal bone loss observed after the first year of function has been considered to be normal. The literature reports that in the first year after placement a change in marginal bone level ranging 1,5 mm to 2 mm is expected. In order to control this bone loss, it's important to know factors affecting this process. Advances in science and technology could further reduce the early bone loss.
The aim of this review is to evaluate the factors that are effective in bone loss occurring around the implants in the early period. In addition to the factors related to the implant, abutment and restoration, factors such as occlusal trauma and amount of supracrestal soft tissue were also examined.
Keywords: Dental Implants, Alveolar Bone Loss, Bone-Implant Interface

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diş İmplantları, Alveoler Kemik Kaybı,, Kemik-İmplant Arayüzü

Kaynakça

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