Vehhabi Fırkasının Doğuşu ve Suudi Arabistan’a Etkisi

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 42, 245 - 262, 31.12.2014

Aydın Bayram

Öz

This article examines pre-modern reform movement Wahhabism emerged in the Najd region of current Saudi Arabia, in the eighteenth century. For the opponents, the Wahhabi term is derived from the name of its formulator, Muhammad b. Abdulwahhab (d.1792). However, Ibn Abdulwahhab and his followers call themselves as ‘muwahhidun’ (monotheists). The views and approach of Ibn Abdullwahhab to Islamic theology construct the ideology of the movement. The movement initially emerged as a religious initiative against innovations, but then transformed into a political movement. The article sheds light historical connections between Wahhabi and Saudi families that played vital role in the formation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wahhabism, Saudi Arabia, Islamic Theology, Monotheism, Sect

THE RISE OF WAHHABI SECTARIANISM AND ITS IMPACT IN SAUDI ARABIA

Öz

ABSTRACT

This article examines pre-modern reform movement Wahhabism emerged

in the Najd region of current Saudi Arabia, in the eighteenth century. For

the opponents, the Wahhabi term is derived from the name of its formulator,

Muhammad b. Abdulwahhab (d.1792). However, Ibn Abdulwahhab and his

followers call themselves as ‘muwahhidun’ (monotheists). The views and approach

of Ibn Abdullwahhab to Islamic theology construct the ideology of the movement.

The movement initially emerged as a religious initiative against innovations,

but then transformed into a political movement. The article sheds light historical

connections between Wahhabi and Saudi families that played vital role in the

formation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Keywords: Wahhabism, Saudi Arabia, Islamic Theology, Monotheism, Sect

ÖZ

Vehhabi Fırkasının Doğuşu ve Suudi Arabistan’a Etkisi

Bu makalede on sekizinci yüzyılda bugünkü Suudi Arabistan’ın Necd bölgesinde

modernite öncesi ortaya çıkmış olan yeniden yapılanmacı Vehhabi hareketi

incelenmektedir. Bu mezhebin karşıtları Vehhabi adlandırmasını ekolün kurucusu

ve fikir babası olan Muhammed b. Abdulvehhab (ö.1792)’a nisbetle yapmışlardır.

Fakat İbni Abdulvehhab ve takipçileri kendilerini ‘birleyen’ anlamında

‘muvahhidun’ olarak nitelendirmişlerdir. İbni Abdulvehhab’ın kelâma dair

fikir ve yaklaşımları bu hareketin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Vehhabilik ilk önce

bid’atlere karşı dînî bir hareket olarak ortaya çıkmış daha sonraları ise siyasi bir

amaca bürünmüştür. Ayrıca bu çalışmada bugünkü Suudi Arabistan Krallığı’nın

oluşumunda hayati öneme sahip olan Vehhabi ailesi ve Suud hanedanlığının tarihsel

ilişkilerine yer verilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Vehhabilik, Suudi Arabistan, Kelâm, Tevhit, Mezhep

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vehhabilik, Suudi Arabistan, Kelâm, Tevhit, Mezhep

Kaynakça

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