Reklam Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Örneği
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: Özel Sayı 3, 2647 - 2663, 31.12.2018
Derya Altıntaş
Dilara Ayla
,
Çiğdem Karış
Öz
Türkiye'de reklam sektöründe yer alan
işletmeler reklamcılık faaliyetlerini yönlendirerek reklamcılık yatırımlarını
ve hedef pazarlarındaki paylarını artırmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Bu
çerçevede, reklam yatırımlarının ekonomik büyüme ile olan ilişkisi önem taşıyan
konulardan biridir. Çalışmada, 1993-2016 dönemi itibariyle Türkiye ekonomisi
için reklam harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki olası uzun dönem ve
nedensel ilişkilerin varlığı ARDL sınır testi ve Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik
testiyle araştırılmıştır. ARDL sınır testi ile reklam harcamaları ve ekonomik
büyüme arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca uzun
dönem katsayılarına göre hem reklam harcamalarının ekonomik büyümeyi hem de
ekonomik büyümenin reklam harcamalarını pozitif yönde etkilediği sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır. Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre ise reklam
harcamalarından ekonomik büyümeye doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi
tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda çalışmada, ekonomik ve
sosyal açıdan zorlukların yaşandığı kriz dönemlerin de dahi yapılmasına
devam edilen reklam harcamalarının ekonomik büyümeyle etkileşimi ortaya
konulmuştur.
Kaynakça
- Abdioğlu, Z. ve Yamak, R. (2016). “Türk İmalat Sanayinde Sektörler Bazında Verimlilik Çıktı İlişkisi: Verdoorn Yasası”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Mayıs 2016, Cilt 2, Sayı 2, 81-91. Awokuse, T. (2003). “Is The Export-Led Growth Hypothesis Valid For Canada?“. Canadian Journal of Economics, 36 (1), 126-136.Becker, G. S. ve Murphy, K. M. (1993). “A Simple Theory of Advertising As a Good Or Bad”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(4), 941-964.Chowdhury, A. R. (1994). “Advertising Expenditure and the Macro-Economy: Some New Evidence”. International Journal of Advertising, 13(1), 1-14.Deleersynder, B., Dekimpe, M. G., Steenkamp, J. E. M. ve Leeflang, P. S. H. (2009). “The Role of National Culture in Advertising’s Sensitivity to Business Cycles: An Investigation Across Continents”. Journal of Marketing Research, 46 (5), 623-636.Dickey, D. A. ve Fuller, W. A. (1981). “Likelihood Ratio Statisitics For Autoregressive Time Series With A Unit Root”. Econometrica,Vol: 49(4), 1057-1072.Eremin, A. ve Nagy, A. (2014). “Advertising Results in Economic Growth – A new Methodological Perspective”. Marketing&Menedzsment, 3, 1-10.Erickson, G. M. (2014). “Advertising, Economic Development and Global Warming”. Economic Modelling, 41, 119-123.Gujarati, D. F. (2003). Basic Econometrics. Fourth Edition, New York: Mcgraw-Hill Companies.Jones, J. P. (1985). “Is Total Advertising Going Up or Down?”. International Journal of Advertising, 4(1), 47-64.Koch, J. V. (1971). “Advertising and Economic Growth”. Journal of Advertising Research, 11(4), 36-39.Kopf, D. A., Torres, I. M. ve Enomoto, C. (2011). “Advertising’s Unintended Consequence: Economic Growth”. Journal of Advertising, 40(4), 5-18.Kovacs, K. (2016). “The Macroeconomic Relations of Advertising Expenditure: an Analysis of Central and Eastern European Countries”. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Oeconomica, 61(1), 1-21.Martínez-Fernández, V. A., Castellanos, P. ve Juanatey-Boga, Ó. (2014). “Advertising Investment As a Tool for Boosting Consumption: Testing Galbraith’s Hypothesis for Spain”. Revista de Economia Contemporânea, 18(3), 435-452. Nayaradou, M. (2006). Advertising and Economic Growth. Doctorate Thesis in Economics, University of Paris 9 – Dauphine.Pesaran, H., Shin, Y. ve Smith R. (2001). “Bounds Testing Approaches To The Analysis Of Level Relationships”. Journal of Applied Econometrics, Volume:16, 289-326.Picard, R. G. (2001). “Effects of Recessions on Advertising Expenditures: An Exploratory Study of Economic Downturns in Nine Developed Nations”. Journal of Media Economics, 14(1), 1-14.___________ (2008). “Shifts in Newspaper Advertising Expenditures and Their Implications for The Future of Newspapers”. Journalism, 9(5), 704-716.Rehme, G. ve Weisser, S. (2007). “Advertising, Consumption and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation”. Darmstadt Discussion Papers in Economics, No.178, 1-46.Swerdlow, R.A. ve Blessios, V. I. (1993). “A Model for Predicting Advertising Expenditures: An Inter-Industry Comparison”. International Journal of Advertising, 12(2), 143-153.Toda, H. Y. ve Yamamoto, T. (1995). “Statistical İnference in Vector Autoregressions With Possibly İntegrated Processes”. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.Wurff, V. D., R., Bakker, P. ve Picard, R. G. (2008). “Economic Growth and Advertising Expenditures in Different Media in Different Countries”. Journal of Media Economics, 21(1), 28-52.
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: Özel Sayı 3, 2647 - 2663, 31.12.2018
Derya Altıntaş
Dilara Ayla
,
Çiğdem Karış
Kaynakça
- Abdioğlu, Z. ve Yamak, R. (2016). “Türk İmalat Sanayinde Sektörler Bazında Verimlilik Çıktı İlişkisi: Verdoorn Yasası”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Mayıs 2016, Cilt 2, Sayı 2, 81-91. Awokuse, T. (2003). “Is The Export-Led Growth Hypothesis Valid For Canada?“. Canadian Journal of Economics, 36 (1), 126-136.Becker, G. S. ve Murphy, K. M. (1993). “A Simple Theory of Advertising As a Good Or Bad”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(4), 941-964.Chowdhury, A. R. (1994). “Advertising Expenditure and the Macro-Economy: Some New Evidence”. International Journal of Advertising, 13(1), 1-14.Deleersynder, B., Dekimpe, M. G., Steenkamp, J. E. M. ve Leeflang, P. S. H. (2009). “The Role of National Culture in Advertising’s Sensitivity to Business Cycles: An Investigation Across Continents”. Journal of Marketing Research, 46 (5), 623-636.Dickey, D. A. ve Fuller, W. A. (1981). “Likelihood Ratio Statisitics For Autoregressive Time Series With A Unit Root”. Econometrica,Vol: 49(4), 1057-1072.Eremin, A. ve Nagy, A. (2014). “Advertising Results in Economic Growth – A new Methodological Perspective”. Marketing&Menedzsment, 3, 1-10.Erickson, G. M. (2014). “Advertising, Economic Development and Global Warming”. Economic Modelling, 41, 119-123.Gujarati, D. F. (2003). Basic Econometrics. Fourth Edition, New York: Mcgraw-Hill Companies.Jones, J. P. (1985). “Is Total Advertising Going Up or Down?”. International Journal of Advertising, 4(1), 47-64.Koch, J. V. (1971). “Advertising and Economic Growth”. Journal of Advertising Research, 11(4), 36-39.Kopf, D. A., Torres, I. M. ve Enomoto, C. (2011). “Advertising’s Unintended Consequence: Economic Growth”. Journal of Advertising, 40(4), 5-18.Kovacs, K. (2016). “The Macroeconomic Relations of Advertising Expenditure: an Analysis of Central and Eastern European Countries”. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Oeconomica, 61(1), 1-21.Martínez-Fernández, V. A., Castellanos, P. ve Juanatey-Boga, Ó. (2014). “Advertising Investment As a Tool for Boosting Consumption: Testing Galbraith’s Hypothesis for Spain”. Revista de Economia Contemporânea, 18(3), 435-452. Nayaradou, M. (2006). Advertising and Economic Growth. Doctorate Thesis in Economics, University of Paris 9 – Dauphine.Pesaran, H., Shin, Y. ve Smith R. (2001). “Bounds Testing Approaches To The Analysis Of Level Relationships”. Journal of Applied Econometrics, Volume:16, 289-326.Picard, R. G. (2001). “Effects of Recessions on Advertising Expenditures: An Exploratory Study of Economic Downturns in Nine Developed Nations”. Journal of Media Economics, 14(1), 1-14.___________ (2008). “Shifts in Newspaper Advertising Expenditures and Their Implications for The Future of Newspapers”. Journalism, 9(5), 704-716.Rehme, G. ve Weisser, S. (2007). “Advertising, Consumption and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation”. Darmstadt Discussion Papers in Economics, No.178, 1-46.Swerdlow, R.A. ve Blessios, V. I. (1993). “A Model for Predicting Advertising Expenditures: An Inter-Industry Comparison”. International Journal of Advertising, 12(2), 143-153.Toda, H. Y. ve Yamamoto, T. (1995). “Statistical İnference in Vector Autoregressions With Possibly İntegrated Processes”. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.Wurff, V. D., R., Bakker, P. ve Picard, R. G. (2008). “Economic Growth and Advertising Expenditures in Different Media in Different Countries”. Journal of Media Economics, 21(1), 28-52.