Öz
This
study deals with the contracted cheap labour system called intendure. It is
aimed to identify the colonies in which this system is used, where Indian and
Chinese workers are employed. It was found that the European states, mainly the
British, provided the labour force, that emerged with the abolition of slavery,
from the Indians and the Chinese. It has been revealed that millions of workers
away from their countries forced to worked in conditions where even slaves did
not want to work. It was pointed out that, the British did not need slaves for
the first time, because of the indentured labours in the colonies of Mauritius.
The underlying reason behind the abolition of slavery was revealed by the
analysis of the obtained resources, which is the new labor class that can be
used instead of slaves.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund (AGTF), An overview of History of Indenture, Port Louis, Mauritius, 2007. ALLEN, B. R., Slavery and the Slave Trades in the Indian Ocean and Arab Worlds: Global Connections and Disconnections, Framingham State College: Yale University, 2008. ANDREWS, C. F., W.W. Pearson, Indian Indentured Labour in Fiji, Perth, 1918, ed. Lal, V. Brij, Chalo Jahaji, On a journey through indenture in Fiji: The Odyssey of Indenture. AUGUIER, F. R., S.C. Gordon, D. G. Hall, and M. Reckord, The Making of the West Indies, London: Longman Group United Kingdom, 1960. CARTER, M., Voices from Indenture. Experiences of Indian Migrants in the British Empire, London: Leicester University Press, 1996. CARTER, M., N. Foong K., Forging the Rainbow: Labour Immigrants in British Mauritius, Mauritius: Alfran Co. Ltd., 1997. CLARKE, C., Ceri P. and Steven V., Introduction: Themes in the Study of the South Asian Diaspora', in their edited volume, South Asians Overseas: Migration and Ethnicity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Documentation for Action Group in Asia, Evolution of Labour Legislation in Asia, Chapter 6, Hong Kong, 1986. Fiji's Historical Milestones, Indentured labour, http://www.undp.org.fj/elections/Fiji/hist_indenture.htm (15.02.2019). GUNSTON, H., The Planning and Contruction of the Uganda Railway, London: Trans Newcomen Soc., 2002. HARRIS, L. K., Sugar and Gold: Indentured Indian and Chinese Labour in South Africa, Department Historical and Heritage Studies, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest: Pretoria, South Africa, 2010.
Öz
Bu
çalışma sözleşmeli ucuz işçilik sistemini ele almaktadır. Hintli ve Çinli
işçilerin istihdam edildiği bu sistemin kullanıldığı kolonilerin tespit
edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma ile başta İngilizler olmak üzere Avrupalı
devletlerin köleliğin kaldırılması ile ortaya çıkan işgücü ihtiyacını Hintli ve
Çinliler´den temin ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Milyonlarca işçinin ülkelerinden
uzakta kölelerin dahi çalışmak istemeyeceği şartlarda çalıştıkları ifade
edilmiştir. İlk defa İngilizlerin kolonileri olan Mauritius adasında
denedikleri bu sözleşmeli ucuz işçiler sayesinde kölelere ihtiyaç
duymadıklarına dikkat çekilmiştir. Köleliğin kaldırılmasının altında yatan
önemli bir sebebin de köleler yerine kullanılabilecek bu yeni işgücü sınıfının
olduğu elde edilen kaynakların analizi ile tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund (AGTF), An overview of History of Indenture, Port Louis, Mauritius, 2007. ALLEN, B. R., Slavery and the Slave Trades in the Indian Ocean and Arab Worlds: Global Connections and Disconnections, Framingham State College: Yale University, 2008. ANDREWS, C. F., W.W. Pearson, Indian Indentured Labour in Fiji, Perth, 1918, ed. Lal, V. Brij, Chalo Jahaji, On a journey through indenture in Fiji: The Odyssey of Indenture. AUGUIER, F. R., S.C. Gordon, D. G. Hall, and M. Reckord, The Making of the West Indies, London: Longman Group United Kingdom, 1960. CARTER, M., Voices from Indenture. Experiences of Indian Migrants in the British Empire, London: Leicester University Press, 1996. CARTER, M., N. Foong K., Forging the Rainbow: Labour Immigrants in British Mauritius, Mauritius: Alfran Co. Ltd., 1997. CLARKE, C., Ceri P. and Steven V., Introduction: Themes in the Study of the South Asian Diaspora', in their edited volume, South Asians Overseas: Migration and Ethnicity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Documentation for Action Group in Asia, Evolution of Labour Legislation in Asia, Chapter 6, Hong Kong, 1986. Fiji's Historical Milestones, Indentured labour, http://www.undp.org.fj/elections/Fiji/hist_indenture.htm (15.02.2019). GUNSTON, H., The Planning and Contruction of the Uganda Railway, London: Trans Newcomen Soc., 2002. HARRIS, L. K., Sugar and Gold: Indentured Indian and Chinese Labour in South Africa, Department Historical and Heritage Studies, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest: Pretoria, South Africa, 2010.
Öz
Это
исследование имеет дело с контрактной системой дешевой рабочей силы, названной контрактной. Оно направлено на выявление использующих эту систему колоний, где
работали
индийские и китайские рабочие. Было установлено, что европейские государства (в основном британские власти), возникшую после отмены рабства потребность в рабочей силе замещали
за счет индейцев и китайцев. Выявлено, что
миллионы рабочих за пределами своих стран вынуждены работать в условиях, в которых даже рабы не пожелали работать. Было отмечено, что
англичане не нуждались в
рабах из-за наемного труда в колониях Маврикия. В результате анализа полученных данных из источников было выявлено, что одной из причин
возможности отмены рабства стало формирование нового рабочей категории, которую можно было использовать вместо рабов.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund (AGTF), An overview of History of Indenture, Port Louis, Mauritius, 2007. ALLEN, B. R., Slavery and the Slave Trades in the Indian Ocean and Arab Worlds: Global Connections and Disconnections, Framingham State College: Yale University, 2008. ANDREWS, C. F., W.W. Pearson, Indian Indentured Labour in Fiji, Perth, 1918, ed. Lal, V. Brij, Chalo Jahaji, On a journey through indenture in Fiji: The Odyssey of Indenture. AUGUIER, F. R., S.C. Gordon, D. G. Hall, and M. Reckord, The Making of the West Indies, London: Longman Group United Kingdom, 1960. CARTER, M., Voices from Indenture. Experiences of Indian Migrants in the British Empire, London: Leicester University Press, 1996. CARTER, M., N. Foong K., Forging the Rainbow: Labour Immigrants in British Mauritius, Mauritius: Alfran Co. Ltd., 1997. CLARKE, C., Ceri P. and Steven V., Introduction: Themes in the Study of the South Asian Diaspora', in their edited volume, South Asians Overseas: Migration and Ethnicity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Documentation for Action Group in Asia, Evolution of Labour Legislation in Asia, Chapter 6, Hong Kong, 1986. Fiji's Historical Milestones, Indentured labour, http://www.undp.org.fj/elections/Fiji/hist_indenture.htm (15.02.2019). GUNSTON, H., The Planning and Contruction of the Uganda Railway, London: Trans Newcomen Soc., 2002. HARRIS, L. K., Sugar and Gold: Indentured Indian and Chinese Labour in South Africa, Department Historical and Heritage Studies, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest: Pretoria, South Africa, 2010.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 5 Temmuz 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2 |
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