BAĞIŞIKLIK YANITINI MODÜLE ETMEDE FONKSİYONEL BESİNLERİN ROLÜ: GÜNCEL ARAŞTIRMALARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Fonksiyonel besinler, yalnızca temel besin öğelerini sağlamakla kalmayıp, içeriklerinde yer alan biyoaktif bileşikler aracılığıyla sağlık durumunun iyileştirilmesine katkıda bulunma ve hastalıkların önlenmesinde rol oynama potansiyeline sahip gıdalardır. Son yıllarda, bağışıklık sistemini destekleyebilecek besin bileşenlerine olan ilgi giderek artmıştır. Beslenmenin sağlık üzerindeki etkilerine dair artan bilinç, fonksiyonel besinler ve nutrasötik ürünlere olan tüketici talebinde kayda değer bir yükselişe neden olmuştur. Fonksiyonel besinler, bağışıklık sistemini düzenleyerek enfeksiyonlara karşı savunma mekanizmalarını güçlendirebilir, alerjileri azaltabilir ve inflamasyonu kontrol altına alabilmektedir Bu derlemede, fonksiyonel besinlerin bağışıklık sistemi üzerindeki etkileri güncel literatür doğrultusunda değerlendirilmiş ve ilgili biyolojik mekanizmalar ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fonksiyonel Besinler
• Bağışıklık Sistemi
• Beslenme
• Biyoaktif Bileşikler

The Role of Functional Foods in Modulating the Immune Response: An Evaluation of Current Research

Öz

Functional foods are not only sources of essential nutrients but also have the potential to contribute to health improvement and disease prevention through the bioactive compounds they contain. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in nutritional components that may support the immune system. Increasing awareness of the influence of nutrition on health has led to a significant rise in consumer demand for functional foods and nutraceutical products. Functional foods can enhance the body's defense mechanisms against infections by modulating the immune system, reduce allergic responses, and help control inflammation. In this review, the effects of functional foods on the immune system are evaluated in light of current literature, and the related biological mechanisms are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Functional Foods
• Immune System
• Nutrition
• Bioactive Compounds

Kaynakça

1. Büyüktuncer Z. Beslenme, fonksiyonel besinler ve mikrobiyota. Türkiye Klinikleri Beslenme ve Diyetetik-Özel Konular. 2018; 4(2): 9
2. Crowe KM, Francis C. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: functional Foods. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013; 113:1096-103.
3. Iwatani S, Yamamoto N. Functional food products in Japan: A review. Food Sci. Hum Wellness. 2019; 8(2):96-101.
4. Yiğit GG, Cerit İ, Demirkol O. Fonksiyonel kakao ve kakao ürünleri. Gıda. 2018; 43(4):702-15. doi: 10.15237/gida.GD18045
5. Awulachew MT. Functional foods: functional ingredients, sources and classification, health claims, food intolerance, and allergy. In IntechOpen eBooks; 2024.
6. Toydemir G, Gultekin Subasi B, Hall RD, Beekwilder J, Boyacioglu D, Capanoglu E. Effect of food processing on antioxidants, their bioavailability and potential relevance to human health. Food Chem X. 2022; 14: 100334.
7. Khalid W, Arshad MS, Ranjha MMAN, Różańska MB, Irfan S, Shafique B, Rahim MA, Khalid MZ, Abdi G, Kowalczewski PŁ.Functional constituents of plant-based foods boost immunity against acute and chronic disorders. OLS. 2022; 17(1):1075–93.
8. Ashaolu TJ. Immune boosting functional foods and their mechanisms: A critical evaluation of probiotics and prebiotics. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020; 130: 110625.

9. Banwo K, Olojede AO, Adesulu-Dahunsi AT, Verma D K, Thakur M, Tripathy S, Utama GL. Functional importance of bioactive compounds of foods with potential health benefits: A review on recent trends. Food Biosci. 2021;43: 101320.
10. Ballini A, Charitos IA, Cantore S, Topi S, Bottalico L, & Santacroce L. About functional foods: the probiotics and prebiotics state of art. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(4): 635. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12040635
11. Kalogerakou T, & Antoniadou M. The role of dietary antioxidants, food supplements and functional foods for energy enhancement in healthcare professionals. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(12): 1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121508
12. Kim JH, Kim DH, Jo S, Cho MJ, Cho YR, Lee YJ, Byun S. Immunomodulatory functional foods and their molecular mechanisms. Exp Mol Med. 2022;54(1):1-11.
13. Vignesh A, Amal TC, Sarvalingam A, & Vasanth K. A review on the influence of nutraceuticals and functional foods on health. Food Chem Adv. 2024;100749.
14. Torkan M, Entezari MH, Siavash M. Effect of flaxseed on blood lipid level in hyperlipidemic patients, Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2015;10(1):61-7
15. Voreades N, Kozil A, Weir TL. Diet and the development of the human intestinal microbiome. Mikrobiyol. 2014;5:494.
16. Martínez I, Lattimer JM, Hubach KL, Case JA, Yang J, Weber CG, Louk JA, Rose DJ, Kyureghian G, Peterson DA, Haub MD, Walter J. Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements ISME J. 2013;7(2):269–80.
17. Martyniak A, Medyńska-Przęczek A, Wędrychowicz A, Skoczeń S, Tomasik PJ. Martyniak A, Medyńska-Przęczek. Biomolecules. 2021;11:1903
18. Vijay A, Astbury S, Roy CL, Spector TD, Valdes AM. The prebiotic effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation: A six-week randomised intervention trial. Gut Microbes. 2020; 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2020.1863133
19. DiNicolantonio JJ, O’Keefe J. The importance of maintaining a low omega-6/omega-3 ratio for reducing the risk of autoimmune diseases, asthma, and allergies. Mo Med. 2021;118(5):453-59. PMID: 34658440; PMCID: PMC8504498.
20. Wurff IS, Meyer BJ, Groot RH. Effect of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (N-3 LCPUFA) supplementation on cognition in children and adolescents: A systematic literature review with a focus on n-3 LCPUFA blood values and dose of DHA and EPA. Nutrients. 2020;12(10): 3115.
21. Maskrey BH, Megson IL, Rossi AG, Whitfield PD. Emerging importance of omega-3 fatty acids in the innate immune response: molecular mechanisms and lipidomic strategies for their analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013;57(8):1390-400.
22. Schunck WH., Konkel, A., Fischer, R., & Weylandt, K. H. Therapeutic potential of omega-3 fatty acid-derived epoxyeicosanoids in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Pharmthera. 2008; 183: 177-204. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.016
23. Crupi R, & Cuzzocrea S. Role of EPA in inflammation: mechanisms, effects, and clinical relevance. Biomolecules. 2022; 12(2):242.
24. Calder PC. Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: from molecules to man. Biochem Soc Trans. 2017; 15:45(5):1105-15.
25. Özsoy S, Saka M. Covid-19 tanılı yoğun bakım hastalarında omega-3 çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri desteğinin etkileri. Bes Diy Derg. 2021; 49(2): 65-2.
26. Doaei, S., Gholami, S., Rastgoo, S., Gholamalizadeh, M., Bourbour, F., Bagheri, S. E., Samipoor, F., Akbari, M. E., Shadnoush, M., Ghorat, F., Jarrahi, S. A. M., Mirsadeghi, N. A., Hajipour, A., Joola, P., Moslem, A., & Goodarzi, M. O. The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on clinical and biochemical parameters of critically ill patients with covıd-19: a randomized clinical trial. J Transl Med. 2021; 19(1): 1-9
27. Fu Y, Wang Y, Gao H, Li D, Jiang R, Ge L, Tong C, Xu K. Associations among dietary Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the gut microbiota, and intestinal immunity. Mediators Inflamm. 2021; 2:8879227.
28. Thorakkattu P, Khanashyam AC, Shah K; Babu KS, Mundanat, A.S.; Deliephan, A.; Deokar, G.S.; Santivarangkna, C.; Nirmal, N.P. Postbiotics: current trends in food and pharmaceutical industry. Foods. 2022, 11, 3094.
29. Al-Habsi N, Al-Khalili M, Haque SA, Elias M, Olqi NA, & Uraimi T A. Health benefits of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics. Nutrients. 2024;16(22): 3955.
30. Li X, Hu S, Yin J, Peng X, King L, Li L, Xu Z, Zhou L, Peng Z, Ze X, Zhang X, Hou Q, Shan Z, Liu L. Effect of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters and gut microbiota in healthy adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Gut Microbes. 2023;15(2):2247025.
31. Deleu S, Machiels K, Raes J, Verbeke K, & Vermeire S. Short chain fatty acids and its producing organisms: An overlooked therapy for IBD? EBioMedicine. 2021; 66: 103293.
32. Anshory M, Effendi RMRA, Kalim H, Dwiyana RF, Suwarsa O, Nijsten TEC, Nouwen JL, Thio HB. Butyrate properties in immune-related diseases: friend or foe? Fermentation. 2023; 9(3):205.
33. Cooper, R., Morré, D.J., Morré, D.M. Medical benefits of green tea: part I. review of non-cancer health 6 benefits. J Altern Complement Med. 2005; 11(3):521-8 43.
34. Lambert, J.D. Does tea prevent cancer? Evidence from laboratory and human intervention studies. AJCN. 2013; 98(6): 1667-75S
35. Yang, X.R., Wat, E., Wang, Y.P. Effect of dietary cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) supplementation on high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatik steatosis, and hyperlipidemia in mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;1:11 50.
36. Jadeja R, Devkar RV, Nammi S. Herbal medicines for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty acid steatohepatitis: current scenario and future prospects. Alternat Med. 2014;2014:648308
37. Reddy P, Jialal I. Biochemistry, fat soluble vitamins.2018.
38. Green M, Arora K, Prakash S. Microbial medicine: prebiotic and probiotic functional foods to target obesity and metabolic syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(8): 2890
39. Finnegan D, Tocmo R, Loscher C. Targeted application of functional foods as immune fitness boosters in the defense against viral infection. Nutrients. 2023; 15(15):3371. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153371
40. Gouvarchinghaleh HE, Kiany F, Parastouei K, Alishiri G, Jafari NJ, Fooladi AAI, ... & NajjarAsiabani F. The effects of functional foods mixture on inflammatory cytokines and biochemical findings in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Trials. 2023;24(1), 442. 41. Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., D’Angelo, A., & Di Pierro, F. Nutraceutical approach to preventing coronavirus disease 2019 and related complications. Front Immunol. 2021; 12: 1-10 42. Wang F, Zheng J, Cheng J, Zou H, Li M, Deng B, Luo R, Wang F, Huang D, Li G, Zhang R, Ding X, Li Y, Du J, Yang Y, Kan J. Personalized nutrition: A review of genotype-based nutritional supplementation. Front Nutr. 2022; 9(9):992986.