ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PSYCHIATRY: APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES

Öz

The increasing global mental illness burden is leading to inequalities in access to mental health services, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated this situation and increased the need for digital solutions, new intervention methods. In this context, artificial intelligence offers significant transformative potential in psychiatry and psychotherapy. Artificial intelligence, through subtechnologies, is increasingly used for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and psychoeducation. Clinical decision support systems, natural language processing-based sentiment analysis, mobile applications, and telepsychiatry solutions offer significant opportunities for healthcare professionals to reduce workload and improve access to care. In affective disorders, electroencephalography-based deep learning models achieve high diagnostic accuracy; virtual therapy tools have also demonstrated significant effects in psychoeducation and symptom reduction. Algorithms used in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism have delivered promising results in disease progression prediction and early detection. However, data protection, ethics, and the need for clinical validation remain the main obstacles to widespread application of these technologies. Although artificial intelligence offers significant opportunities in mental health, due to ethical risks and reduced human interaction, it can only be effective if applied in a human-centered, transparent, and impartial manner. In summary, artificial intelligence’s role in psychiatry is growing rapidly and is expected to contribute to the provision of more accessible, cost-effective, and personalized mental health care services in the future. In this process, it is crucial to uphold ethical principles, protect patient privacy, and adopt human-centered approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial Intelligence
• Learning
• Mental Disorders
• Ethics

PSİKİYATRİDE YAPAY ZEKÂ: UYGULAMALAR VE ZORLUKLAR

Öz

Ruhsal hastalıkların küresel ölçekte artan yükü, özellikle düşük ve orta gelirli ülkelerde psikiyatri hizmetlerine erişimde eşitsizlikler yaratmaktadır. COVID-19 pandemisi bu durumu daha da ağırlaştırarak, dijital çözümlere ve yeni müdahale yöntemlerine olan ihtiyacı artırmıştır. Bu bağlamda yapay zekâ, psikiyatri ve psikoterapide önemli bir dönüşüm potansiyeli sunmaktadır. Yapay zekâ; alt teknolojiler aracılığıyla tanı, prognoz, tedavi ve psiko-eğitim süreçlerinde giderek daha yaygın kullanılmaktadır. Klinik karar destek sistemleri, doğal dil işleme tabanlı duygu analizi, mobil uygulamalar ve telepsikiyatri çözümleri, sağlık profesyonellerine iş yükünü hafifletme ve hizmet erişimini artırmada güçlü imkânlar sunmaktadır. Duygudurum bozukluklarında elektroensefalografi tabanlı derin öğrenme modelleri tanıda yüksek doğruluk sağlamış; sanal terapi araçları ise psiko-eğitim ve semptom azaltmada anlamlı etkiler göstermiştir. Şizofreni, bipolar bozukluk ve otizmde kullanılan algoritmalar, hastalık seyri tahmininde ve erken tanıda umut verici sonuçlar vermektedir. Bununla birlikte, veri gizliliği, etik sorunlar ve klinik doğrulama ihtiyacı, bu teknolojilerin yaygınlaşmasının önündeki başlıca engellerdir. Yapay zekâ ruh sağlığı alanında büyük fırsatlar sunsa da etik riskler ve insan-insan etkileşiminin azalması nedeniyle ancak insan merkezli, şeffaf ve tarafsız bir şekilde uygulandığında etkili olabilir. Sonuç olarak, yapay zekânın psikiyatrideki rolü hızla genişlemekte olup, gelecekte daha erişilebilir, maliyet-etkin ve kişiselleştirilmiş ruh sağlığı hizmetleri sunulmasına katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu süreçte etik ilkelerin, hasta mahremiyetinin ve insan merkezli yaklaşımların korunması kritik önemdedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zeka
• Öğrenme
• Ruhsal Bozukluklar
• Etik

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